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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Dynamics of numerical stochastic perturbation theory

Garofalo, Marco January 2018 (has links)
Numerical Stochastic Perturbation theory is a powerful tool for estimating high-order perturbative expansions in lattice quantum field theory. The standard algorithm based on the Langevin equation, however, suffers from several limitations which in practice restrict the potential of this technique: first of all it is not exact, a sequence of simulations with finer and finer discretization of the relevant equations have to be performed in order to extrapolate away the systematic errors in the results; and, secondly, the numerical simulations suffer from critical slowing down as the continuum limit of the theory is approached. In this thesis I investigate some alternative methods which improve upon the standard approach. In particular, I present a formulation of Numerical Stochastic Perturbation theory based on the Generalised Hybrid Molecular Dynamics algorithm and a study of the recently proposed Instantaneous Stochastic Perturbation Theory. The viability of these methods is investigated in φ4 theory.
42

A intuição no processo de tomada de decisão instantânea

Andriotti, Fernando Kuhn January 2012 (has links)
Inegavelmente a decisão é algo presente no dia-a-dia de todos, independentemente do tipo de atividades nas quais estamos envolvidos. Como característica do ambiente, verifica-se que este é muito dinâmico, exigindo respostas cada vez mais rápidas por parte dos executivos. Como outros autores já colocaram, há uma grande dificuldade por parte dos modelos atuais em contemplar todos os elementos presentes nos processos decisórios, levando os indivíduos a recorrerem a fontes de cunho mais informal, de mais fácil acesso e, entre elas a intuição tem um papel de destaque. Dessa forma, este estudo busca apresentar indícios que permitam responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: como a intuição atua no processo decisório instantâneo? O objetivo principal é compreender de que forma executivos ou gerentes fazem uso da intuição neste tipo específico de decisão. A partir de uma literatura que buscou elementos tanto de processo decisório, bem como da intuição, no campo da gestão e da psicologia, foi possível estabelecer pontos de intersecção, que permitiram a elaboração de um instrumento para a condução de entrevistas junto a alguns executivos da área de TI. Com base em uma seleção de gestores da região Sul do Brasil, se obteve acesso a presidentes e executivos, dentre os quais alguns aceitaram participar da pesquisa. Após a coleta e análise dos dados, foi possível encontrar indícios que levam a crer que a intuição seja o elemento de maior confiança desses gestores. Além disso, são feitas contribuições ao conceito de intuição do campo da gestão, bem como são apresentados os elementos, e como eles se relacionam entre si, para possibilitar o pensamento intuitivo em situações que exigem uma resposta instantânea. Como contribuição teórica pode-se ressaltar, em primeiro lugar, a discussão do tema intuição, bem como alguns pontos divergentes da literatura estudada. Para gestores em geral, verifica-se que, apesar do desconhecimento e desconfiança, a intuição pode ser uma fonte confiável e que pode ser trabalhada, como qualquer outra habilidade. / It’s undeniably that decision making is something present in the day-to-day of everyone, regardless of the type of activities in which we are involved. As a characteristic of the environment which is very dynamic, demanding rapid responses from executives. As others authors have posted, there is a great difficulty on the part of current models to include all the elements present in decision making, leading people to consider the use of more informal sources, with easier access, among them intuition has an important role. Thus, this study seeks to present evidence for addressing the following research question: how intuition works in the instantaneous decision-making process? The main objective is to understand how executives and managers make use of intuition in this specific type of decision. Making use of a literature that sought elements of decisionmaking as well as intuition in the field of management and psychology, it was possible to establish points of intersection, which allowed the development of an instrument for conducting interviews with some executives of IT. Based on a selection of managers from south of Brazil, we obtained access to presidents and executives, some of whom agreed to participate. After collecting and analyzing data, it was possible to find evidence to suggest that intuition is the more important element of trust of managers. In addition, contributions are made to the concept of intuition in the field of management, and how the elements presented are related to each other to enable intuitive thinking in situations that require an instant response. As a theoretical contribution, can be noted the discussion of the topic intuition, as well as some points of divergence from the literature studied. For managers in general, it appears that despite the ignorance and suspicion, intuition can be a reliable source and that can be worked like any other skill.
43

Estimação de parâmetros de motores de indução trifásicos usando impedância instantânea

Perin, Matheus January 2017 (has links)
Neste trabalho é abordada a estimação de parâmetros de motores de indução trifásicos através de métodos diferentes daqueles normalizados por normas técnicas. Inicialmente é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica dos principais métodos alternativos encontrados na literatura, onde são discutidas as vantagens e desvantagens de cada um deles. Também é abordado o problema da variação dos parâmetros durante a operação do motor devido a fenômenos como o efeito pelicular e a saturação no ferro. São propostos três métodos de estimação dos parâmetros da máquina de indução trifásica que utilizam apenas medições de tensões e correntes do estator. O primeiro método utiliza a impedância instantânea vista dos terminais do estator na estimação dos parâmetros. O segundo é baseado em ensaios de decaimento, visando a obtenção do valor de regime permanente da constante de tempo do rotor. Já o terceiro método proposto envolve a aplicação do primeiro método em segmentos do conjunto de dados, denominados de janelas móveis, a fim de se obter a variação dos parâmetros com a frequência das tensões e correntes induzidas no rotor. Esta variação ocorre principalmente devido ao efeito pelicular. São apresentados algoritmos para a estimação das grandezas não medidas porém necessárias nos métodos propostos, tais como a velocidade do rotor, fluxo do estator e torque eletromagnético. Também é realizada a estimação dos parâmetros mecânicos do motor. Os três métodos são validados através de simulações e experimentos envolvendo motores de diferentes potências, onde é possível observar os efeitos da variação dos parâmetros. Por fim, a eficácia dos métodos é avaliada através de comparações entre as correntes obtidas da simulação do motor com os parâmetros estimados e as correntes efetivamente medidas durante os ensaios. Observa-se que no caso do motor de baixa potência, admitir a variação dos parâmetros não melhora os resultados. Por outro lado, no caso dos motores de maior potência os erros envolvidos quando se admite variação nos parâmetros com a frequência do rotor é consideravelmente menor do que os erros obtidos através da simulação com parâmetros constantes. / In this work, the estimation of the parameters of three phase induction motor is approached through alternative methods. Firstly, it is presented a literature review of the commonly used methods, where the advantages and disadvantages of each one are discussed. The problem of parameter variation during the motor operation due to phenomena as skin-effect and iron saturation is also discussed. Three methods aiming at the estimation of the induction motors parameters are presented, where only stator voltages and currents measurements are required. The first method uses the instantaneous impedance as seen from the stator terminals for the parameter estimation. The second one is based on deceleration tests, aiming to obtain the steady-state value of the rotor time constant. The third method involves the application of the first method to segments of the data, named moving windows. The objective is to assess the parameter variation with the rotor frequency, mainly due to skin-effect. Algorithms for estimation of quantities such as rotor speed, stator flux and electromagnetic torque are presented. A method to estimate mechanical parameters is also presented. The three methods are validated through simulation and experimental tests with motors of different power. Using the proposed methods, it is possible to observe the parameter variation effects. Finally, the accuracy of the methods is evaluated through comparisons between the stator currents simulated with the estimated parameters and the measured currents. In the case of low power motor, no significant improvement in the results were observed when varying parameters are assumed. On the other hand, in the case of high power motors the errors considering varying parameters with the rotor frequency are considerably lower than those obtained through simulation with constant parameters.
44

Estimação de parâmetros de motores de indução trifásicos usando impedância instantânea

Perin, Matheus January 2017 (has links)
Neste trabalho é abordada a estimação de parâmetros de motores de indução trifásicos através de métodos diferentes daqueles normalizados por normas técnicas. Inicialmente é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica dos principais métodos alternativos encontrados na literatura, onde são discutidas as vantagens e desvantagens de cada um deles. Também é abordado o problema da variação dos parâmetros durante a operação do motor devido a fenômenos como o efeito pelicular e a saturação no ferro. São propostos três métodos de estimação dos parâmetros da máquina de indução trifásica que utilizam apenas medições de tensões e correntes do estator. O primeiro método utiliza a impedância instantânea vista dos terminais do estator na estimação dos parâmetros. O segundo é baseado em ensaios de decaimento, visando a obtenção do valor de regime permanente da constante de tempo do rotor. Já o terceiro método proposto envolve a aplicação do primeiro método em segmentos do conjunto de dados, denominados de janelas móveis, a fim de se obter a variação dos parâmetros com a frequência das tensões e correntes induzidas no rotor. Esta variação ocorre principalmente devido ao efeito pelicular. São apresentados algoritmos para a estimação das grandezas não medidas porém necessárias nos métodos propostos, tais como a velocidade do rotor, fluxo do estator e torque eletromagnético. Também é realizada a estimação dos parâmetros mecânicos do motor. Os três métodos são validados através de simulações e experimentos envolvendo motores de diferentes potências, onde é possível observar os efeitos da variação dos parâmetros. Por fim, a eficácia dos métodos é avaliada através de comparações entre as correntes obtidas da simulação do motor com os parâmetros estimados e as correntes efetivamente medidas durante os ensaios. Observa-se que no caso do motor de baixa potência, admitir a variação dos parâmetros não melhora os resultados. Por outro lado, no caso dos motores de maior potência os erros envolvidos quando se admite variação nos parâmetros com a frequência do rotor é consideravelmente menor do que os erros obtidos através da simulação com parâmetros constantes. / In this work, the estimation of the parameters of three phase induction motor is approached through alternative methods. Firstly, it is presented a literature review of the commonly used methods, where the advantages and disadvantages of each one are discussed. The problem of parameter variation during the motor operation due to phenomena as skin-effect and iron saturation is also discussed. Three methods aiming at the estimation of the induction motors parameters are presented, where only stator voltages and currents measurements are required. The first method uses the instantaneous impedance as seen from the stator terminals for the parameter estimation. The second one is based on deceleration tests, aiming to obtain the steady-state value of the rotor time constant. The third method involves the application of the first method to segments of the data, named moving windows. The objective is to assess the parameter variation with the rotor frequency, mainly due to skin-effect. Algorithms for estimation of quantities such as rotor speed, stator flux and electromagnetic torque are presented. A method to estimate mechanical parameters is also presented. The three methods are validated through simulation and experimental tests with motors of different power. Using the proposed methods, it is possible to observe the parameter variation effects. Finally, the accuracy of the methods is evaluated through comparisons between the stator currents simulated with the estimated parameters and the measured currents. In the case of low power motor, no significant improvement in the results were observed when varying parameters are assumed. On the other hand, in the case of high power motors the errors considering varying parameters with the rotor frequency are considerably lower than those obtained through simulation with constant parameters.
45

A intuição no processo de tomada de decisão instantânea

Andriotti, Fernando Kuhn January 2012 (has links)
Inegavelmente a decisão é algo presente no dia-a-dia de todos, independentemente do tipo de atividades nas quais estamos envolvidos. Como característica do ambiente, verifica-se que este é muito dinâmico, exigindo respostas cada vez mais rápidas por parte dos executivos. Como outros autores já colocaram, há uma grande dificuldade por parte dos modelos atuais em contemplar todos os elementos presentes nos processos decisórios, levando os indivíduos a recorrerem a fontes de cunho mais informal, de mais fácil acesso e, entre elas a intuição tem um papel de destaque. Dessa forma, este estudo busca apresentar indícios que permitam responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: como a intuição atua no processo decisório instantâneo? O objetivo principal é compreender de que forma executivos ou gerentes fazem uso da intuição neste tipo específico de decisão. A partir de uma literatura que buscou elementos tanto de processo decisório, bem como da intuição, no campo da gestão e da psicologia, foi possível estabelecer pontos de intersecção, que permitiram a elaboração de um instrumento para a condução de entrevistas junto a alguns executivos da área de TI. Com base em uma seleção de gestores da região Sul do Brasil, se obteve acesso a presidentes e executivos, dentre os quais alguns aceitaram participar da pesquisa. Após a coleta e análise dos dados, foi possível encontrar indícios que levam a crer que a intuição seja o elemento de maior confiança desses gestores. Além disso, são feitas contribuições ao conceito de intuição do campo da gestão, bem como são apresentados os elementos, e como eles se relacionam entre si, para possibilitar o pensamento intuitivo em situações que exigem uma resposta instantânea. Como contribuição teórica pode-se ressaltar, em primeiro lugar, a discussão do tema intuição, bem como alguns pontos divergentes da literatura estudada. Para gestores em geral, verifica-se que, apesar do desconhecimento e desconfiança, a intuição pode ser uma fonte confiável e que pode ser trabalhada, como qualquer outra habilidade. / It’s undeniably that decision making is something present in the day-to-day of everyone, regardless of the type of activities in which we are involved. As a characteristic of the environment which is very dynamic, demanding rapid responses from executives. As others authors have posted, there is a great difficulty on the part of current models to include all the elements present in decision making, leading people to consider the use of more informal sources, with easier access, among them intuition has an important role. Thus, this study seeks to present evidence for addressing the following research question: how intuition works in the instantaneous decision-making process? The main objective is to understand how executives and managers make use of intuition in this specific type of decision. Making use of a literature that sought elements of decisionmaking as well as intuition in the field of management and psychology, it was possible to establish points of intersection, which allowed the development of an instrument for conducting interviews with some executives of IT. Based on a selection of managers from south of Brazil, we obtained access to presidents and executives, some of whom agreed to participate. After collecting and analyzing data, it was possible to find evidence to suggest that intuition is the more important element of trust of managers. In addition, contributions are made to the concept of intuition in the field of management, and how the elements presented are related to each other to enable intuitive thinking in situations that require an instant response. As a theoretical contribution, can be noted the discussion of the topic intuition, as well as some points of divergence from the literature studied. For managers in general, it appears that despite the ignorance and suspicion, intuition can be a reliable source and that can be worked like any other skill.
46

La commande hybride prédictive d’un convertisseur quatre bras / Predictive Hybrid Control on 3-Phase 4-Wire Power Converters

Rachmildha, Tri Desmana 01 October 2009 (has links)
Dans une large variété d'applications industrielles, il existe une demande croissante pour améliorer la qualité de l'énergie fournie par les systèmes électriques. En plus de la fiabilité et de la disponibilité d'énergie électrique, la qualité de la puissance fournie devient maintenant une question importante. Parmi les causes de la pauvre qualité de puissance, les harmoniques sont considérés comme la raison qui contribue à la majorité de pannes de courant. Beaucoup d'efforts ont été développés pour résoudre le problème des perturbations harmoniques comme, par exemple, installer des dispositifs spéciaux tels que les filtres actifs. Ce travail de thèse traite le développement d’une commande directe de puissance utilisant l'approche prédictive hybride. La commande hybride considère chaque vecteur de tension du convertisseur comme une entité discrète qui sera appliquée pour commander un système linéaire continu. Un critère pour calculer le vecteur optimal de tension à appliquer sera établi à partir d’un modèle prédictif. Le vecteur optimal de tension à appliquer pour chaque période de commutation, et le correspondant temps d'application seront utilisés pour approcher la valeur réelle des variables d'état du système au point de référence désiré. Deux théories de puissance instantanées seront employées, p-q et p-q-r, pour une application de filtre active parallèle de puissance dans un système triphasé de 4 fils. Ces théories instantanées de puissance ont été développées pour être appliquées aux systèmes non équilibrés utilisant les variables de puissance pour obtenir les courants qui devraient être injectés par le filtre actif. Le filtre actif produira la puissance réactive demandée par la charge et compensera la composante d'ondulation de la puissance active de sorte que la source livre seulement la puissance active constante. / In a wide variety of industrial applications, an increasing demand exists to improve the quality of the energy provided by electrical systems. Besides the reliability and availability of electric power, the power quality is now becoming an important issue. Among the causes of the poor power quality, the harmonics are included as the reason which contributes the majority of power failures. Many efforts have been developed to solve the harmonics problem as, for instance, to install special devices such as active filters. This research work deals with the development of direct power control using the hybrid predictive control approach. The hybrid control considers each voltage vector of the converter as a discrete entity which will be applied to control a continuous linear system. One criterion to calculate the optimal voltage vector to apply will be established for the predictive control model. The optimal voltage vector to apply for each switching period, and the corresponding application time will be used to approach the actual value of the state variables of the system to the desired reference point. Two instantaneous power theories will be used, i.e. pq0 and pqr instantaneous power theory for a shunt active power filter application implemented in 3-phase 4-wire system. These instantaneous power theories have been developed to be applied to unbalanced systems using the power variables to obtain the currents that should be injected from active filters. The active filter will produce the required reactive power for the load and compensate the ripple component of active power so that the source only delivers constant active power.
47

Time-Varying Signal Models : Envelope And Frequency Estimation With Application To Speech And Music Signal Compression

Chandra Sekhar, S January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
48

Simulation and modelling of the performance of radial turbochargers under unsteady flow

Soler Blanco, Pablo 27 April 2020 (has links)
[ES] Está fuera de toda duda que la industria del automóvil está viviendo una profunda transformación que, durante los últimos años, ha progresado a un ritmo acelerado. Debido a la crecientemente estricta regulación sobre emisiones contaminantes y la necesidad de satisfacer la siempre creciente demanda de movilidad sostenible, es necesario que los motores de combustión modernos reduzcan su consumo y emisiones manteniendo el rendimiento del motor. Para enfrentarse a este desafío, los ingenieros de investigación y desarrollo han redoblado sus esfuerzos a la hora de diseñar y mejorar los modelos unidimensionales, hasta el punto en el que el desarrollo de modelos 1D así como la simulación juegan un papel fundamental en los primeras etapas de diseño de nuevos motores y tecnologías. Al mismo tiempo, la tecnología de turbosobrealimentación se ha consolidado como una de las más efectivas a la hora de construir motores de alta eficiencia, lo que ha hecho evidente la importancia de comprender y modelar correctamente los efectos asociados a los turbogrupos. Particularmente, los fenómenos que ocurren en la turbina en condiciones de flujo fuertemente pulsante han demostrado ser complicadas de modelar y sin embargo decisivas, ya que los códigos de simulación son especialmente útiles cuando son diseñados para trabajar en condiciones realistas. Este trabajo se centra en mejorar los modelos unidimensionales actuales así como en desarrollar nuevas soluciones con el objetivo de contribuir a una mejor predicción del comportamiento de la turbina sometida a condiciones de flujo pulsante. Tanto los esfuerzos realizados en los trabajos experimentales como en los de modelado se han producido para poder proporcionar métodos que sean fáciles de adaptar a las diferentes configuraciones de turbogrupo usadas en la industria, por ello, pueden ser aplicados por ejemplo en turbinas de entrada simple y también en las cada vez más usadas turbinas de entrada doble. En cuanto al trabajo de modelado en la parte de turbina de entrada simple, el foco se ha puesto en presentar una versión mejorada de un código quasi-2D. La validación del modelo se basa en los datos experimentales que están disponibles de trabajos enteriores de la literatura, proporcionando una comparación completa entre los modelos quasi-2D y el clásico modelo 1D. La presión a la entrada y salida de la turbina se ha descompuesto en ondas que viajan hacia delante y hacia atrás por medio de la descomposición de presiones, empleando la componente reflejada y transmitida para verificar la bondad del modelo. El trabajo experimental de esta tesis se centra en desarrollar un nuevo método para ensayar cualquier turbina de doble entrada sometida a condiciones de flujo fuertemente pulsante. La configuración del banco de gas se ha diseñado para ser suficientemente flexible como para realizar pulsos en las dos ramas de entrada por separado, así como para usar condiciones de flujo caliente o condiciones ambiente con mínimos cambios en la instalación. La campaña experimental se usa para validar un modelo integrado unidimensional de turbina tipo twin scroll con especial foco en las componentes reflejada y transmitida para analizar el desempeño del modelo su capacidad de predicción de la acústica no lineal. Finalmente, después de desarrollar el trabajo experimental y de modelado, se presenta un procedimiento para caracterizar el sonido y ruido de la turbina por medio de matrices de transferencia acústica que es comparado con el código unidimensional completo. En este sentido, el método proporciona una herramienta útil y fácil de implementar para simulaciones en tiempo real que aplica de una manera práctica el trabajo de modelado expuesto a lo largo de esta tesis. / [CAT] Està fora de tot dubte que la indústria de l'automòbil està vivint una profunda transformació que, durant els últims anys, ha progressat a un ritme accelerat. A causa de la creixentment estricta regulació sobre emissions contaminants i la necessitat de satisfer la sempre creixent demanda de mobilitat sostenible, és necessari que els motors de combustió moderns reduïsquen el seu consum i emissions mantenint el rendiment del motor. Per a enfrontar-se a aquest desafiament, els enginyers de recerca i desenvolupament han redoblat els seus esforços a l'hora de dissenyar i millorar els models unidimensionals, fins al punt en el qual el desenvolupament de models 1D així com la simulació juguen un paper fonamental en les primeres etapes de disseny de nous motors i tecnologies. Al mateix temps, la tecnologia de turbosobrealimentación s'ha consolidat com una de les més efectives a l'hora de construir motors d'alta eficiència, la qual cosa ha fet evident la importància de comprendre i modelar correctament els efectes associats als turbogrupos. Particularment, els fenòmens que ocorren en la turbina en condicions de flux fortament polsant han demostrat ser complicades de modelar i no obstant això decisives, ja que els codis de simulació són especialment útils quan són dissenyats per a treballar en condicions realistes. Aquest treball se centra en millorar els models unidimensionals actuals així com a desenvolupar noves solucions amb l'objectiu de contribuir a una millor predicció del comportament de la turbina sotmesa a condicions de flux polsant. Tant els esforços realitzats en els treballs experimentals com en els de modelatge s'han produït per a poder proporcionar mètodes que siguen fàcils d'adaptar a les diferents configuracions de turbogrupo usades en l'indústria, per això, poden ser aplicats per exemple en turbines d'entrada simple i també en les cada vegada més usades turbines d'entrada doble. Pel que fa al treball de modelatge en la part de turbina d'entrada simple, el focus s'ha posat a presentar una versió millorada d'un codi quasi-2D. La validació del model es basa en les dades experimentals que estan disponibles de treballs anteriors de la literatura, proporcionant una comparació completa entre els models quasi-2D i el clàssic model 1D. La pressió a l'entrada i eixida de la turbina s'ha descompost en ones que viatgen cap avant i cap enrere per mitjà de la descomposició de pressions, emprant la component reflectida i transmesa per a verificar la bondat del model. El treball experimental d'aquesta tesi se centra en desenvolupar un nou mètode per a assajar qualsevol turbina de doble entrada sotmesa a condicions de flux fortament pulsante. La configuració del banc de gas s'ha dissenyat per a ser prou flexible com per a realitzar polsos en les dues branques d'entrada per separat, així com per a usar condicions de flux calent o condicions ambient amb mínims canvis en la instal·lació. La campanya experimental s'usa per a validar un model integrat unidimensional de turbina tipus twin-scroll amb especial focus en les components reflectida i transmesa per a analitzar l'acompliment del model la seua capacitat de predicció de l'acústica no lineal. Finalment, després de desenvolupar el treball experimental i de modelatge, es presenta un procediment per a caracteritzar el so i soroll de la turbina per mitjà de matrius de transferència acústica que és comparat amb el codi unidimensional complet. En aquest sentit, el mètode proporciona una eina útil i fàcil d'implementar per a simulacions en temps real que aplica d'una manera pràctica el treball de modelatge exposat al llarg d'aquesta tesi. / [EN] It is beyond all doubt that the automotive industry is living a deep transformation that, during the last years, has progressed at an ever accelerating rate. Due to the increasingly stringent pollutant emission regulations and the necessity to fulfil an ever growing demand for sustainable mobility, the modern internal combustion engines are required to strongly reduce the fuel consumption and emissions, while keeping the engine performance. In order to confront this challenge, engine research and development engineers have redoubled their efforts in designing and improving one-dimensional codes, to the point that the development of 1D models and simulation campaigns play a major role in the early steps of designing new engines or technologies. At the same time as the turbocharging technology has arisen as one of the most effective and extended solutions for building high efficient engines, the importance of understanding and modelling correctly the turbocharger effects has become evident. In particular, the phenomena that occurs in the turbine under highly pulsating conditions have proven to be challenging to model and yet decisive, as simulation codes are especially useful when they are designed to work under realistic conditions. This work focusses on the improvement of current one-dimensional models as well as in the development of new solutions with the aim of contributing to a better prediction of the turbine performance under pulsating conditions. Both experimental and modelling efforts have been made in order to provide methods that are easily adaptable to different turbocharger configurations used in the industry, so they can be applied for example in single turbines and also in the increasingly used two-scroll turbine technology. Regarding the modelling work of the single entry turbine part, the work has been focused in presenting an improved version of a quasi-2D code. The validation of the model is based on the experimental data available from previous works of the literature, providing a complete comparison between the quasi-2D and a classic 1D model. By means of a pressure decomposition, the pressure at the turbine inlet and outlet has been split into forward and backward travelling waves, employing the reflected and transmitted components to verify the goodness of the model. The experimental work of the thesis is centred in developing a new method in order to test any two-scroll turbine under highly pulsating flow conditions. The gas stand setup has been designed to be flexible enough to perform pulses in both inlet branches separately as well as to use hot or ambient conditions with minimal changes in the installation. The experimental campaign is used to fully validate an integrated 1D twin-scroll turbine model with special focus in the reflected and transmitted components for analysing the performance of the model and its non-linear acoustics prediction capabilities. Finally, after the experiment and modelling work is developed, a procedure to characterise the turbine sound and noise by means of acoustic transfer matrices is presented and tested against the fully one-dimensional code. In this sense, this method provides a useful and easily-implementable tool for fast and real time simulations that applies in a practical way the modelling work exposed along this thesis. / Soler Blanco, P. (2020). Simulation and modelling of the performance of radial turbochargers under unsteady flow [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/141609 / TESIS
49

Fast Chirped Signals for a TDMA Ultrasonic Indoor Positioning System

Williams, Lauren M 01 June 2020 (has links)
In this paper, a new concept for ultrasonic indoor positioning based on instantaneous frequency of ultrasonic signals is presented. Nonlinear phase characteristics of ultrasonic transducers introduce a frequency deviation in ultrasonic signals. By sweeping at very fast rates, a large spike in the deviation is introduced. The artefacts observable in instantaneous frequency estimations are highly localized and present an opportunity for accurate frequency detection. In order to be useful, the artefacts need to take place within the pulse and have sufficient magnitude for accurate processing. The system consists of a transducer transmitter and receiver pair, which have a center frequency of 40kHz and a bandwidth of 460Hz. In order to incorporate more transmitters, a time-division multiple access (TDMA) scheme is applied to ensure orthogonality of signals. The concept includes four ultrasonic transmitters and a single receiver, which can uniquely identify each transmitter by a distinct signal sweep. Linear chirp signals are used to form narrow pulses and ensure no interference in the TDMA scheme. The received signal is amplified and passed through a phase-locked loop (PLL) to detect the chirp signals. Accurate instantaneous frequency detection can be done on the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) of the PLL, which has a narrower bandwidth than the overall signal sweep. The instantaneous frequency estimation methods are largely explored in this work and consider two methods: the Hilbert transform and a zero-crossings method. This work highlights some of the advantages and disadvantages of both methods. Time of flight (ToF) in this system can ultimately be obtained by considering the instantaneous frequency estimations and the time for one particular frequency to be transmitted and received.
50

Diversity and Network Coded 5G Wireless Network Infrastructure for Ultra-Reliable Communications

Sulieman, Nabeel Ibrahim 28 February 2019 (has links)
This dissertation is directed towards improving the performance of 5G Wireless Fronthaul Networks and Wireless Sensor Networks, as measured by reliability, fault recovery time, energy consumption, efficiency, and security of transmissions, beyond what is achievable with conventional error control technology. To achieve these ambitious goals, the research is focused on novel applications of networking techniques, such as Diversity Coding, where a feedforward network design uses forward error control across spatially diverse paths to enable reliable wireless networking with minimal delay, in a wide variety of application scenarios. These applications include Cloud-Radio Access Networks (C-RANs), which is an emerging 5G wireless network architecture, where Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) are connected to the centralized Baseband Unit (BBU) via fronthaul networks, to enable near-instantaneous recovery from link/node failures. In addition, the ability of Diversity Coding to recover from multiple simultaneous link failures is demonstrated in many network scenarios. Furthermore, the ability of Diversity Coding to enable significantly simpler and thus lower-cost routing than other types of restoration techniques is demonstrated. Achieving high throughput for broadcasting/multicasting applications, with the required level of reliability is critical for the efficient operation of 5G wireless infrastructure networks. To improve the performance of C-RAN networks, a novel technology, Diversity and Network Coding (DC-NC), which synergistically combines Diversity Coding and Network Coding, is introduced. Application of DC-NC to several 5G fronthaul networks, enables these networks to provide high throughput and near-instant recovery in the presence of link and node failures. Also, the application of DC-NC coding to enhance the performance of downlink Joint Transmission-Coordinated Multi Point (JT-CoMP) in 5G wireless fronthaul C-RANs is demonstrated. In all these scenarios, it is shown that DC-NC coding can provide efficient transmission and reduce the resource consumption in the network by about one-third for broadcasting/multicasting applications, while simultaneously enabling near-instantaneous latency in recovery from multiple link/node failures in fronthaul networks. In addition, it is shown by applying the DC-NC coding, the number of redundant links that uses to provide the required level of reliability, which is an important metric to evaluate any protection system, is reduced by about 30%-40% when compared to that of Diversity Coding. With the additional goal of further reducing of the recovery time from multiple link/node failures and maximizing the network reliability, DC-NC coding is further improved to be able to tolerate multiple, simultaneous link failures with less computational complexity and lower energy consumption. This is accomplished by modifying Triangular Network Coding (TNC) and synergistically combining TNC with Diversity Coding to create enhanced DC-NC (eDC-NC), that is applied to Fog computing-based Radio Access Networks (F-RAN) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the redundancy percentage for protecting against n link failures is inversely related to the number of source data streams, which illustrates the scalability of eDC-NC coding. Solutions to enable synchronized broadcasting are proposed for different situations. The ability of eDC-NC coding scheme to provide efficient and secure broadcasting for 5G wireless F-RAN fronthaul networks is also demonstrated. The security of the broadcasting data streams can be obtained more efficiently than standardized methods such as Secure Multicasting using Secret (Shared) Key Cryptography.

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