We analyzed long-term temperature trends in Utah using a relatively new signal processing method called Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). We evaluated the available weather records in Utah and selected 52 stations, which had records longer than 60 years, for analysis. We analyzed daily temperature data, both minimum and maximums, using the EMD method that decomposes non-stationary data (data with a trend) into periodic components and the underlying trend. Most decomposition algorithms require stationary data (no trend) with constant periods and temperature data do not meet these constraints. In addition to identifying the long-term trend, we also identified other periodic processes in the data. While the immediate goal of this research is to characterize long-term temperature trends and identify periodic processes and anomalies, these techniques can be applied to any time series data to characterize trends and identify anomalies. For example, this approach could be used to evaluate flow data in a river to separate the effects of dams or other regulatory structures from natural flow or to look at other water quality data over time to characterize the underlying trends and identify anomalies, and also identify periodic fluctuations in the data. If these periodic fluctuations can be associated with physical processes, the causes or drivers might be discovered helping to better understand the system. We used EMD to separate and analyze long-term temperature trends. This provides awareness and support to better evaluate the extremities of climate change. Using these methods we will be able to define many new aspects of nonlinear and nonstationary data. This research was successful and identified several areas in which it could be extended including data reconstruction for time periods missing data. This analysis tool can be applied to various other time series records.

This thesis introduces a new method especially designed to control the instantaneous power in voltage sourced converters operating under unbalanced conditions, including positive, negative and zero sequence content. A transformation technique, labelled mno transformation, was developed to enable the decomposition of the total instantaneous power flowing on three-phase transmission topologies into constant and oscillating terms. It is applied to three-wire and four-wire schemes, especially accommodating zero sequence unlike previous approaches. Classical and modern electric power theories are presented, particularly focusing on their definitions for adverse AC scenarios. The main mathematical transformations conceived to analyze such situations are summarized, showing their respective advantages and disadvantages. An enhanced instantaneous power theory is introduced. The novel proposed power equations, named mno instantaneous power components, expands the application of the p-q theory, which is attached to the αβ0 transformation. The mno instantaneous power theory is applied to develop an innovative power control method for grid connected voltage sourced converters in order to minimize power oscillations during adverse AC scenarios, particularly with zero sequence content. The method permits to sustain constant instantaneous three-phase power during unbalanced conditions by controlling independently the constant and the oscillating terms related to the instantaneous power. The effectiveness of the proposed control approach and the proposed power conditioning scheme was demonstrated using electromagnetic transient simulation of a VSC connected to an AC system. / May 2017

In the past few years, the study of electrical activity in the brain and its interactions with the body has become popular among researchers. One of the hottest topics related to brain activity is the epileptic seizure prediction. Currently, there are several techniques on how to predict a seizure; however, most of the techniques found in research papers are just mathematical models and not system implementations. The seizure prediction approach proposed in this thesis paper is achieved using the EMOTIV Epoc+ headset, MATLAB, and LabVIEW as the analog and digital signal processing devices. In addition, this thesis project incorporates the use of the Hilbert Huang transform (HHT) method to obtain intrinsic mode functions (IMF) and instantaneous frequency components of the transform. From the IMFs, features as variation coefficient (VC) and fluctuation indexes (FI) are extracted to feed a support vector machine that classifies the EEG data as pre-ictal and non-ictal EEGs. Outstanding patterns in non-ictal and pre-ictal are observed and demonstrated by significant differences between both types of EEG signals. In other words, a classification of EEG signals according to a category can be achieved proving that an epileptic seizure prediction technology has a future in engineering and biotechnology fields.

A adoção da calda sulfocálcica como um produto alternativo para o controle de Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) tem sido intensificada pelos citricultores brasileiros. A calda sulfocálcica é o único produto eficiente no controle de B. phoenicis permitido pelas certificadoras de produtos orgânicos, sendo pulverizada em média 11 vezes por ano. Devido à intensificação no uso da calda sulfocálcica, os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar a evolução da resistência de B. phoenicis e o impacto sobre Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma mediante condução de estudos de: (a) detecção e caracterização da resistência de B. phoenicis à calda sulfocálcica pelo monitoramento da suscetibilidade de populações originárias do sistema de manejo orgânico e convencional, e avaliação de resistência cruzada entre enxofre e calda sulfocálcica; (b) avaliação da toxicidade de calda sulfocálcica na evolução da resistência de B phoenicis mediante estimativa da demografia de linhagens suscetível (S), e resistentes à calda sulfocálcica (Calda-R) e enxofre (Enxofre-R); (c) avaliação da estabilidade da resistência de B. phoenicis à calda sulfocálcica em laboratório, pela estimativa da freqüência de resistência ao longo do tempo e da taxa instantânea de crescimento (ri) das linhagens S e Calda-R; e (d) avaliação do efeito letal e subletal de calda sulfocálcica sobre I. zuluagai. Para monitorar a suscetibilidade de B. phoenicis à calda sulfocálcica, concentração diagnóstica de 320 µg de enxofre/ml de água [(ppm) I.A.] foi definida pela caracterização da linhagem S com bioensaio de contato direto e residual. Diferenças significativas na suscetibilidade foram detectadas entre as populações, mas não entre os sistemas de manejo. A população com maior sobrevivência foi selecionada com concentração diagnóstica para a resistência à calda sulfocálcica (R). A CL50 estimada para as linhagens S e Calda-R à calda sulfocálcica foram 200,79 e 1.142,75 ppm respectivamente, e razão de resistência de 5,69 vezes. Foi detectada resistência cruzada positiva entre enxofre e calda sulfocálcica em B. phoenicis. A avaliação da toxicidade de calda sulfocálcica na evolução da resistência foi baseada na estimativa da ri. A ri diminuiu com o aumento das concentrações de calda sulfocálcica. As linhagens Calda-R e Enxofre-R apresentaram crescimento positivo mesmo nas concentrações de calda sulfocálcica de 3.000 e 6.000 ppm, enquanto a linhagem S foi extinta a partir de 3.000 ppm. Discriminação entre as linhagens S, e resistentes Calda-R e Enxofre-R foi verificada a partir das concentrações de 320 e 240 ppm, respectivamente. A resistência de B. phoenicis à calda sulfocálcica em laboratório foi estável. A toxicidade de calda sulfocálcica a I. zuluagai foi avaliada com bioensaio de contato direto e residual. A persistência da calda sulfocálcica a I. zuluagai foi avaliada em plantas de Canavalia ensiformis L. pulverizadas com concentração de 6.000 ppm. A calda sulfocálcica nas concentrações de 3.000 e 6.000 ppm afetou negativamente a demografia de I. zuluagai, levando a extinção. A persistência da calda sulfocálcica foi relativamente longa, resíduo com 41 dias de idade afetou significativamente a demografia de I. zuluagai. Baseado nos resultados, estratégias de manejo da resistência de B. phoenicis à calda sulfocálcica devem ser implementadas para preservar sua vida útil. / The use of the lime sulfur as an alternative product for controlling Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) has intensified in Brazilian citrus groves. The lime sulfur is the only efficient product used to control B. phoenicis and certified by organic producers with an average of 11 sprayings per year. Due to intense use of this product, the major objectives of this research were to understand the evolution of resistance of lime sulfur in B. phoenicis and the impact on Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma by conducting studies (a) to detect and characterize B. phoenicis resistance to lime sulfur by monitoring susceptibility in populations collected from citrus groves managed organically and conventionally, and by assessing the possible crossresistance between sulfur and lime sulfur; (b) to understand the impact of lime sulfur toxicity in B. phoenicis resistance evolution, by comparing the demography of susceptible (S), lime sulfurresistant (Lime-R) and sulfur-resistant (Sulfur-R) strains; (c) to evaluate the stability of B. phoenicis resistance to lime sulfur under laboratory conditions, by estimating temporal changes in the frequency of resistance and the instantaneous rate of increase (ri) in S and Lime-R strains; and (d) to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effect of lime sulfur on I. zuluagai. To monitor susceptibility of B. phoenicis to lime sulfur, a diagnostic concentration of 320 g of sulfur/ml of water [(ppm) AI] was defined, by characterization of S strain through direct and residual contact bioassays. Significant differences in susceptibility were detected among populations, but not between management systems. A population with the highest survivorship was identified for selecting a resistant strain to lime sulfur (R) with diagnostic concentration. The estimated LC50 of lime sulfur for S and R strains were 200.79 and 1,142.75 ppm respectively. Therefore, the resistance ratio was 5.69-fold. Cross-resistance between sulfur and lime sulfur was detected in B. phoenicis. The evaluation of the toxicity of lime sulfur on resistance evolution was based on estimation of ri. The ri decreased with the increase of lime sulfur concentrations to all strains. The Lime-R and Sulfur-R strains showed positive population growth, even at concentrations of 3,000 and 6,000 ppm, while the S strain was extinct from concentration of 3,000 ppm of lime sulfur. Discrimination between the S and the Lime-R and Sulfur-R was observed from concentrations of 320 and 240 ppm, respectively. The resistance of B. phoenicis to lime sulfur was stable under laboratory conditions. The toxicity of lime sulfur in I. zuluagai was evaluated with residual and direct contact bioassay. The persistence of lime sulfur to I. zuluagai was evaluated on plants of Canavalia ensiformis L. sprayed at concentrations up to 6,000 ppm. The lime sulfur at concentrations of 3,000 and 6,000 ppm had negative impact on population growth of I. zuluagai, by leading to extinction. The persistence of lime sulfur was relatively high because even 41-day old residues had also negative impact on I. zuluagai population growth. Based on results obtained herein, strategies for managing B. phoenicis resistance to lime sulfur should be implemented to preserve the lifetime of this product.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a variabilidade espacial dos parâmetros da equação da condutividade hidráulica determinada no campo em função do conteúdo de água no solo, pelo método do perfil instantâneo, e avaliar a estabilidade temporal da armazenagem da água no solo, com vistas a identificação de um local de amostragem ótimo para a determinação da densidade de fluxo da água pela equação de Darcy-Buckingham. O estudo foi desenvolvido num Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, textura areno-argiloso, em área experimental do Campus "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, município de Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Suas coordenadas geográficas são: 22° 42’ 43,3’’ de latitude sul, 47° 37’ 10,4’’ de longitude oeste e 456 m de altitude. A parcela experimental apresentava um comprimento de 45 m e uma largura de 15 m, na qual foram instalados 40 tubos de alumínio para acesso de uma sonda de nêutrons para medida do conteúdo da água no solo nas profundidades 0,20 m; 0,40 m; 0,60 m; 0,80 m e 1,00 m e cálculo da armazenagem da água no perfil 0- 1,0 m. A distribuição desses tubos foi feita na forma de uma grade de quatro colunas por dez linhas, com cada tubo distando de seu vizinho de 5 m. As funções K(θ) nos 40 pontos foram determinadas a partir das análises de regressão de θ em função de lnt e hz em função de lnt, durante o processo de redistribuição da água no solo. De posse das 40 funções K(θ) nas cinco profundidades estudadas, foram aplicadas as técnicas geoestatitisticas para o estudo da variabilidade espacial dos parâmetros θ0, K0 e γ da função. Foi realizada também a análise da estabilidade temporal da armazenagem da água no solo, ao longo do período de redistribuição da água no solo para verificar quais e quantos são os locais adequados para o monitoramento da água precisão aceitável e reduzido esforço amostral. Pelos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que: a) os métodos geoestatísticos utilizados foram adequados para descrever a estrutura de dependência espacial dos parâmetros da relação da condutividade hidráulica em função da umidade do solo: θ0 , K0 e γ; b) para as três variáveis estudadas ( θ0 , K0 e γ) houve estrutura de dependência espacial dos parâmetros na escala utilizada com alcances máximos de 8,33, 19,09 e 10,35 m; c) a técnica da estabilidade temporal que possibilita identificar, no campo, o ponto, ou os pontos, que representam a média e os pontos que superestimam ou subestimam a média real de determinada variável, identificou, para os valores de armazenagem da água no solo do presente estudo, os pontos 19, 20 e 21 como os mais representativos da média geral do campo; d) a metodologia com base nos coeficientes de correlação de Spearman também permitiu concluir que os valores de armazenagem da água no solo, foram estáveis no tempo, para os 40 pontos amostrados. Palavras-chave: perfil instantâneo, estabilidade temporal, sonda de nêutrons, armazenagem / The objective of this work was to study the spatial variability of the parameters of the hydraulic conductivity equation determined in the field as a function of soil water content, by the instantaneous profile method, and to evaluate the soil water storage time stability, in order to identify a sampling location for the determination of soil water flux by means of Darcy-Buckingham equation. The study was carried out in a clay sandy Oxisol in the country of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil (22º42’ 43,3’’ S, 47° 37’ 10,4’’ W, 546 m). The dimensions of the experimental plot were 45 m x 15 m in wich 40 aluminium tubes were installed to acess a neutron probe to measure the soil water content at the depths of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 m and, then, calculate the soil water storage of the 0 - 1.0 m soil layer. The distribution of these tubes were made in grid of four columns by ten lines in spacing of 5m x 5m. The Kθ functions were determined in the 40 points from regression analyses of θ as function lnt and hz as a function of lnt, being K the hydraulic conductivity, θ the volumetric soil water content, z h the soil water storage in the 0 - Z m layer and t the soil water redistribution time. With the 40 Kθ functions in the five studied soil depths, geostatistical techniques were used to evaluate the spatial variability of the parameters 0 θ , 0 K and γ of the function ( ) [ ] 0 0 exp θ θ γ − = K K , where the subindex o means lnt = 0. Soil water storage time stability analysis were also carried out along the soil water redistribution period in order to verify which and how many are the adequate locations for water monitoring with acceptable precisi on and reduced sample effort. From the results, the follwing could conclude: (i) the used geostatistical methods were adequate to described the spatial dependence structure of the parameters θ0 , Kθ0 and γ; (ii) there were a spatial dependence structure of the parameters in the used scale with maximum ranges of 8.33, 19.09 and 10.35 m; (iii) from the time stability technique, it was possible to identify the points 19,20 and 21 as the more representative of the field overall mean; (iv) the rank Spearmam coefficients also showed that the soil water storage of the 40 sampled points were in the time.

Nesta pesquisa, realizou-se o estudo dos movimentos de abertura e fechamento da mandíbula por meio de recursos da optoeletrônica para a obtenção e avaliação dos seus centros instantâneos de rotação. Os dados foram obtidos por duas câmeras filmadoras digitais e o processamento das imagens foi realizado por um software de computador desenvolvido junto ao Departamento de Engenharia Mecatrônica da Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram realizadas filmagens de dois pacientes, um sem sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) e outro com deslocamento anterior unilateral do disco articular. Foi desenvolvida uma estrutura removível fixada aos dentes dos pacientes, que por meio de hastes metálicas, permitiu projetar para a porção extra-oral, o movimento da mandíbula, com pontos de referência (alvos) fixados à mesma. Foram realizadas duas filmagens do movimento de abertura e fechamento de cada paciente, uma a partir da posição de máxima intercuspidação (MIC) e outra com a mandíbula sob retrusão manual. As sequências de imagens obtidas geraram arquivos de dados em forma de coordenadas dos pontos correspondentes à variação do movimento dos alvos, bem como de suas trajetórias. Pelo processamento das imagens, foram calculados os centros instantâneos de rotação mandibular (CIRs), resultando em subsídios para análise clínica. Os resultados demonstraram que: o método desenvolvido foi capaz de capturar e processar o movimento mandibular de abertura e fechamento em um plano tridimensional de forma dinâmica, produzindo dados palpáveis para análise clínica; que foi possível, com nível de grandeza na ordem de pixels, analisar o comportamento dos CIRs da mandíbula e de toda a face dos pacientes; os CIRs se encontraram em regiões diferentes durante o movimento de abertura e fechamento com ou sem retrusão manual e com ou sem DTM; a localização dos CIRs esteve próxima à região de ATM quando se executou o movimento de abertura e fechamento com retrusão mandibular, e próximos ao forame mandibular, quando se executou o movimento de abertura e fechamento natural a partir da posição de MIC. / This study assessed the mandibular instantaneous center of rotation (ICR) of mandibular opening and closing movement using the optoelectronic method. Two digital camcorders provided the images and the data were evaluated by a software developed by the Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Polytechnic School- USP. The images were obtained from two patients, one without signs and symptoms with concerns on temporomandibular disorders and the other with unilateral disc displacement. A removable structure attached to patients teeth allowed recording references points outside of the mouth. Two movies of mandibular opening and closing movement were made of each patient, one starting from intercuspal position and the other starting from a forced retrusive mandible position. The images sequence was use to produce the location data from the references points pathway. The software processed the data and the ICR was determined to provide clinical analysis parity. Optoelectronic method can be used to analyze the mandibular three-dimensional movements and could be applied to the clinical evaluation. Also, the method allowed the assessment of the ICR and the patients faces in pixels magnitude. The ICR were detect in different regions of the mandible during the opening and closing mandibular movements of each condition. When patients started the mandibular movements from the forced retrusive position, the ICR was situated near the temporomandibular joint and, when patients started the movements from the intercuspal position, the ICR was located near the mandibular foramen.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a variabilidade espacial dos parâmetros da equação da condutividade hidráulica determinada no campo em função do conteúdo de água no solo, pelo método do perfil instantâneo, e avaliar a estabilidade temporal da armazenagem da água no solo, com vistas a identificação de um local de amostragem ótimo para a determinação da densidade de fluxo da água pela equação de Darcy-Buckingham. O estudo foi desenvolvido num Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, textura areno-argiloso, em área experimental do Campus "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, município de Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Suas coordenadas geográficas são: 22° 42’ 43,3’’ de latitude sul, 47° 37’ 10,4’’ de longitude oeste e 456 m de altitude. A parcela experimental apresentava um comprimento de 45 m e uma largura de 15 m, na qual foram instalados 40 tubos de alumínio para acesso de uma sonda de nêutrons para medida do conteúdo da água no solo nas profundidades 0,20 m; 0,40 m; 0,60 m; 0,80 m e 1,00 m e cálculo da armazenagem da água no perfil 0- 1,0 m. A distribuição desses tubos foi feita na forma de uma grade de quatro colunas por dez linhas, com cada tubo distando de seu vizinho de 5 m. As funções K(θ) nos 40 pontos foram determinadas a partir das análises de regressão de θ em função de lnt e hz em função de lnt, durante o processo de redistribuição da água no solo. De posse das 40 funções K(θ) nas cinco profundidades estudadas, foram aplicadas as técnicas geoestatitisticas para o estudo da variabilidade espacial dos parâmetros θ0, K0 e γ da função. Foi realizada também a análise da estabilidade temporal da armazenagem da água no solo, ao longo do período de redistribuição da água no solo para verificar quais e quantos são os locais adequados para o monitoramento da água precisão aceitável e reduzido esforço amostral. Pelos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que: a) os métodos geoestatísticos utilizados foram adequados para descrever a estrutura de dependência espacial dos parâmetros da relação da condutividade hidráulica em função da umidade do solo: θ0 , K0 e γ; b) para as três variáveis estudadas ( θ0 , K0 e γ) houve estrutura de dependência espacial dos parâmetros na escala utilizada com alcances máximos de 8,33, 19,09 e 10,35 m; c) a técnica da estabilidade temporal que possibilita identificar, no campo, o ponto, ou os pontos, que representam a média e os pontos que superestimam ou subestimam a média real de determinada variável, identificou, para os valores de armazenagem da água no solo do presente estudo, os pontos 19, 20 e 21 como os mais representativos da média geral do campo; d) a metodologia com base nos coeficientes de correlação de Spearman também permitiu concluir que os valores de armazenagem da água no solo, foram estáveis no tempo, para os 40 pontos amostrados. Palavras-chave: perfil instantâneo, estabilidade temporal, sonda de nêutrons, armazenagem / The objective of this work was to study the spatial variability of the parameters of the hydraulic conductivity equation determined in the field as a function of soil water content, by the instantaneous profile method, and to evaluate the soil water storage time stability, in order to identify a sampling location for the determination of soil water flux by means of Darcy-Buckingham equation. The study was carried out in a clay sandy Oxisol in the country of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil (22º42’ 43,3’’ S, 47° 37’ 10,4’’ W, 546 m). The dimensions of the experimental plot were 45 m x 15 m in wich 40 aluminium tubes were installed to acess a neutron probe to measure the soil water content at the depths of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 m and, then, calculate the soil water storage of the 0 - 1.0 m soil layer. The distribution of these tubes were made in grid of four columns by ten lines in spacing of 5m x 5m. The Kθ functions were determined in the 40 points from regression analyses of θ as function lnt and hz as a function of lnt, being K the hydraulic conductivity, θ the volumetric soil water content, z h the soil water storage in the 0 - Z m layer and t the soil water redistribution time. With the 40 Kθ functions in the five studied soil depths, geostatistical techniques were used to evaluate the spatial variability of the parameters 0 θ , 0 K and γ of the function ( ) [ ] 0 0 exp θ θ γ − = K K , where the subindex o means lnt = 0. Soil water storage time stability analysis were also carried out along the soil water redistribution period in order to verify which and how many are the adequate locations for water monitoring with acceptable precisi on and reduced sample effort. From the results, the follwing could conclude: (i) the used geostatistical methods were adequate to described the spatial dependence structure of the parameters θ0 , Kθ0 and γ; (ii) there were a spatial dependence structure of the parameters in the used scale with maximum ranges of 8.33, 19.09 and 10.35 m; (iii) from the time stability technique, it was possible to identify the points 19,20 and 21 as the more representative of the field overall mean; (iv) the rank Spearmam coefficients also showed that the soil water storage of the 40 sampled points were in the time.

In this thesis, in-situ instantaneous cutting rates of boom type, medium-weight milling type roadheaders (Mk-2B) at &Ccedil / ayirhan Coal Mine are determined by studying previous performance tests and carrying out additional underground cutting tests. Some rock properties such as uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, Cone Indenter hardness, Shore hardness, Schmidt hammer rebound hardness and laboratory cutting specific energies are determined by laboratory tests for the rock and coal types encountered in the drivage of roadways. The relations between the instantaneous cutting rates and the above rock characteristics and the laboratory cutting specific energies are established. The results show that instantaneous cutting rates can be best predicted using laboratory cutting specific energy which provides the highest correlation (R2 = 0.8411) as compared to other rock properties. The model developed for the medium-weight machine to predict instantaneous cutting rate is compared with those developed earlier for the light-weight and heavy-weight machines. It is determined that improvements in cutting performance with the medium-weight machines as compared to light-weight machines is achieved for the rocks requiring laboratory cutting specific energy greater than 5 MJ/m3.

Les tempêtes tropicales sont l'un des principaux moteurs des niveaux d'eau extrêmes notamment à cause des forts vents, des pluies torrentielles et des fortes houles qui les accompagnent. L'océan Pacifique nord-ouest est l'endroit où ces tempêtes tropicales (appelées typhons dans cette zone) sont les plus violentes au monde dépassant souvent les 95 nœuds de vent (175 km/h). L'île de Taïwan subit chaque année 3 à 4 typhons qui la frappent directement et une vingtaine qui passent à proximité de l'île. La quantification des variations du niveau instantanée de l'eau reste encore aujourd'hui un sujet de recherches actif. En effet, l'identification des processus physiques qui peuvent devenir dominants sur le niveau en conditions paroxysmales est cruciale pour la gestion et la protection des zones côtières. Ce travail de thèse basé sur une approche numérique, permet de discuter les mécanismes hydrodynamiques régionaux fondamentaux à l’origine de l’élévation du niveau d’eau le long de la barrière sableuse de Wan-Tzu-Liao au sud-ouest de Taïwan. L'utilisation du modèle de circulation 3D SYMPHONIE et du modèle de vagues WAVEWATCH III permet d'étudier la saison de mousson 2011 et la saison des typhons 2012 sur une zone s’étendant à environ 600 km autour de l’île de Taïwan. Ces simulations intègrent convenablement la totalité des forçages météo-marins ayant un rôle sur la circulation et le niveau d’eau à la côte : vent, flux atmosphériques, circulation grande échelle, marée, pression atmosphérique, rivières et vagues. Le couplage entre les vagues et les courants est complet en 3D et les deux modèles partagent la même grille de calcul. Par ailleurs, dans le cadre du projet franco-taïwanais KUNSHEN, un ensemble d'appareils a été déployé entre octobre 2011 et novembre 2012 le long d’un profil cross-shore de la barrière sableuse. La simulation complète de niveau d’eau rend compte des surcotes générées par les typhons avec une erreur de l'ordre de 0.1 m. Pour étudier les mécanismes hydrodynamiques, un ensemble de simulations a été réalisé afin d'isoler les contributions. Leur analyse montre que le forçage dominant est celui de la marée astronomique (~1 m), suivi par la circulation régionale (0.5-0.7m) puis des conditions météorologiques (0.2-0.3 m). Dans cette zone à forte dissipation énergétique, la contribution des vagues est négligeable avec moins de 0.1 m d'élévation. La contribution des rivières est, elle aussi, faible (< 0.1 m). / Tropical storms are the main engine of extreme water levels due to strong winds, abundant rainfalls and strong waves attached to these events. The western North Pacific ocean is one of places where these tropical storms (called typhoon in this area) are the most violent in the world exceeding 95 knots of wind speed (175 km/h). The island of Taiwan is located on the most of typhoons tracks which come from the western North Pacific. Every year, three or four typhoons strike Taiwan directly and around twenty pass near it. The quantification of instantaneous water levels variations is still studied by active researches. The identification of physical processes that can become dominant on water level during extreme conditions is crucial for the management and the protection of coastal areas.These PhD works, based on a numerical approach, allow to discuss the fondamental regional hydrodynamic mechanisms which control the sea surface elevation along the sandy barrier of Wan-Tzu-Liao located south-western Taiwan.We used the 3D circulation model SYMPHONIE and the wave model WAVEWATCH III to study the mousson season 2011 and the typhoon season 2012 on an area extending 600 km off Taiwan island. These simulations deal with most of the oceanographical forcings playing a role in the sea surface elevation at the coast : winds, air/sea fluxes, astronomical tides, regional circulation, rivers and waves. The coupling between waves and currents is fully in 3D and the two models share the same computational grid. Moreover, in the framework of the KUNSHEN project, a raft of devices were set in front of the Wan-Tzu Liao barrier from october 2011 to november 2012 along a cross-shore section. The full simulation of water level describes the storm surges generated by typhoons with errors of 0.1 m. With the aim to analyse hydrodynamic mechanisms, we performed a set of mono-forcing simulation that isolate each meteo-marine parameter. Their analysis show that astronomical tide is the dominant forcing (~1 m) followed by the regional circulation (0.5-0.7m) and the meteorological conditions (0.2-0.3 m). This zone displays a very strong dissipative feature that conducts to a very low waves contribution on the sea surface elevation (< 0.1 m). They display also a low contribution of rivers around Taiwan (< 0.1 m).

In the context of an increasing production of industrial toxic substances (TIC; Toxic Industrial Compound), the risk of accidental release of hazardous substances is growing in spite of the gradual implementation of safer technological processes and safety improvement measures. To mitigate the consequences of chemical accidents or to prepare preventive protective measures before the accident, it is necessary to know or at least estimate the course of accidents. In particular, it applies to the range of traumatic events and fatal accidents. One of the tools that can express the impact of accidents is modelling programs. This diploma thesis presents a comparison of outputs from two special types of software ? a foreign program the ALOHA and the TerEx developed in the Czech Republic. The purpose of the thesis was to indicate theoretical aspects related to gaseous toxic substances diffusion in the ground atmospheric layer and to describe modelling of their ill effects range. To achieve this objective, scientific literature and consultation with experts were used. The practical section of the thesis aimed at determining to what extent the results of both programs differ when initial conditions were identical. To achieve this goal, the intercomparison of outputs (e.g. hurtful concentration range) of the two programs that provided results for the same input data sets (type and quantity of hazardous substances, environmental temperature, wind speed, degree of cloud cover, weather stability class, type of ground surface) was used. After the assessment of the comparison it is possible to generalize the results stating that the software ALOHA compared to the TerEx is more conservative, which means that the ALOHA software provides longer anticipated ranges of danger. Therefore, it depends on the user (the person responsible ? crisis manager, intervention commander, mayor of the village), which approach they select or recommend ? to prepare a greater or a smaller area for a possible accident (to ensure public awareness, to implement technical measures to mitigate the impact of that accident, to assess the amount of financial resources, etc.). As a subsequent step it would be appropriate to verify the theoretical results experimentally, by field testing, which would be conducted under the same meteorological conditions under which the modelling was made by the mentioned programs. This would thus confirm the legitimacy of the special software use for the purpose of estimating the range of negative effects of chemical accidents.