Para estudar os chamados Sistemas a Eventos Discretos (SEDs), existe uma variedade de tipos de modelos, mas, entretanto, estes acabam tratando de aspectos sistêmicos específicos, da mesma forma que suas análises. Para ter uma visão mais completa de tais sistemas, é importante lidar com esses tipos heterogêneos de modelos e com as técnicas desenvolvidas para sua integração. Este trabalho foca na questão da representação computacional desses modelos e de como adequá-la à heterogeneidade e à integração desses modelos. No que diz respeito à heterogeneidade, é proposta uma descrição matemática das ferramentas computacionais de modelagem e análise de SEDs, com a qual se pode visualizar as interações entre a heterogeneidade dos modelos, o poder de expressão e de montagem de representações de modelos e os processamentos de análise. Baseado nesta descrição e considerando-se os diversos custos envolvidos, diversas características são analisadas, de modo que, ao final, determina-se quais aquelas que são favoráveis para o caso de heterogeneidade e integração de modelos. Porém, existe ainda a heterogeneidade inerente aos modelos que não pode ser eliminada e isso constitui um obstáculo no caso de ter de lidar com modelos heterogêneos, representando um custo adicional para o aproveitamento de sua integração. Em relação a este caso, a proposta deste trabalho é de representar as informações semânticas associadas aos diversos modelos como forma de obter uma descrição integrada da dinâmica sendo modelada. Desde que as condições de consistência dessas representações sejam atendidas, com tal descrição, é possível visualizar os relacionamentos entre os diversos modelos e realizar análises sem ter que lidar com as diferenças estruturais dos vários tipos de modelos. Além disso, tais informações são úteis na construção de representações de modelos de SEDs e no estabelecimento de relacionamentos entre modelos de dinâmicas diferentes. Dessa discussão fica claro que tais representações têm papel fundamental para um efetivo processamento computacional das informações que a modelagem e análise oferecem. / Discrete Event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) can be approached by a variety of types of models, but each one deals with specific system aspects and whose analysis provides a limited set of information.For a more comprehensive understanding of DEDS, it is important to deal with these heterogeneous types of models and with techniques that integrate them. This work focus on the issue of computational representation of such models and of how to handle their heterogeneity and integration. In the case of the heterogeneity, a mathematical description of computational tools for modeling and analysis of DEDS is developed, based on which it is possible to visualize the interactions involving model heterogeneity, the capability of expressing and building model representations, and analysis processing. Based on this description and considering the various costs involved in the adoption of such tools, several characteristics are assessed, so that guidelines for configurations favourable to heterogeneity and integration of models are established. However, handling the heterogeneity of models does not eliminate it, remaining as a major obstacle when dealing with models of different types, representing an additional cost in their integration. Related with this issue, an approach based on the representation of the semantic information associated to the models as a means to generate an integrated description of the dynamics being modeled is introduced. As long as this representation presents consistency features, it is possible to visualize the various relationships between models and execute analysis without dealing, directly, with the structural differences observed in models of different types. Besides, the information being represented is helpful in the construction of representations of DEDS models and in establishing relationships between models referring to different dynamics. From all this discussion, it is clear that the proposed computational representation of information plays a fundamental role in the effective processing of the information provided by modeling and analysis.

Para estudar os chamados Sistemas a Eventos Discretos (SEDs), existe uma variedade de tipos de modelos, mas, entretanto, estes acabam tratando de aspectos sistêmicos específicos, da mesma forma que suas análises. Para ter uma visão mais completa de tais sistemas, é importante lidar com esses tipos heterogêneos de modelos e com as técnicas desenvolvidas para sua integração. Este trabalho foca na questão da representação computacional desses modelos e de como adequá-la à heterogeneidade e à integração desses modelos. No que diz respeito à heterogeneidade, é proposta uma descrição matemática das ferramentas computacionais de modelagem e análise de SEDs, com a qual se pode visualizar as interações entre a heterogeneidade dos modelos, o poder de expressão e de montagem de representações de modelos e os processamentos de análise. Baseado nesta descrição e considerando-se os diversos custos envolvidos, diversas características são analisadas, de modo que, ao final, determina-se quais aquelas que são favoráveis para o caso de heterogeneidade e integração de modelos. Porém, existe ainda a heterogeneidade inerente aos modelos que não pode ser eliminada e isso constitui um obstáculo no caso de ter de lidar com modelos heterogêneos, representando um custo adicional para o aproveitamento de sua integração. Em relação a este caso, a proposta deste trabalho é de representar as informações semânticas associadas aos diversos modelos como forma de obter uma descrição integrada da dinâmica sendo modelada. Desde que as condições de consistência dessas representações sejam atendidas, com tal descrição, é possível visualizar os relacionamentos entre os diversos modelos e realizar análises sem ter que lidar com as diferenças estruturais dos vários tipos de modelos. Além disso, tais informações são úteis na construção de representações de modelos de SEDs e no estabelecimento de relacionamentos entre modelos de dinâmicas diferentes. Dessa discussão fica claro que tais representações têm papel fundamental para um efetivo processamento computacional das informações que a modelagem e análise oferecem. / Discrete Event Dynamic Systems (DEDS) can be approached by a variety of types of models, but each one deals with specific system aspects and whose analysis provides a limited set of information.For a more comprehensive understanding of DEDS, it is important to deal with these heterogeneous types of models and with techniques that integrate them. This work focus on the issue of computational representation of such models and of how to handle their heterogeneity and integration. In the case of the heterogeneity, a mathematical description of computational tools for modeling and analysis of DEDS is developed, based on which it is possible to visualize the interactions involving model heterogeneity, the capability of expressing and building model representations, and analysis processing. Based on this description and considering the various costs involved in the adoption of such tools, several characteristics are assessed, so that guidelines for configurations favourable to heterogeneity and integration of models are established. However, handling the heterogeneity of models does not eliminate it, remaining as a major obstacle when dealing with models of different types, representing an additional cost in their integration. Related with this issue, an approach based on the representation of the semantic information associated to the models as a means to generate an integrated description of the dynamics being modeled is introduced. As long as this representation presents consistency features, it is possible to visualize the various relationships between models and execute analysis without dealing, directly, with the structural differences observed in models of different types. Besides, the information being represented is helpful in the construction of representations of DEDS models and in establishing relationships between models referring to different dynamics. From all this discussion, it is clear that the proposed computational representation of information plays a fundamental role in the effective processing of the information provided by modeling and analysis.

A model is presented which incorporates the advantages of a mixed mode simulation to characterize transmission line behavior in multiple coupled Transmission line systems. The model is intended for use by digital circuit designers who wish to be able to obtain accurate transmission line behavior for complex digital systems for which continuous time simulation tools such as SPICE would time prohibitive. The model uses a transverse electromagnetic wave approximation to obtain solutions to the basic transmission line equations. A modal analysis technique is used to solve for the attenuation and propagation constants for the transmission lines. Modal analysis done in the frequency domain after a Fast Fourier Transform of the time-domain input signals. Boundary conditions are obtained from the Thevinized transmission line input equivalent circuit and the transmission line output load impedance. The model uses a unique solution queue system that allows n-line coupled transmission lines to be solved without resorting to large order matrix methods or the need to diagonals larger matrices using linear transformations. This solution queue system is based on the method of solution superposition. As a result, the CPU time required for the model is primarily a function of the number of transitions and not the number of lines modeled. Incorporation of the model into event driven circuit simulators such as Network C is discussed. It will be shown that the solution queue methods used in this model make it ideally suited for incorporation into a event-driven simulation network. The model presented in this thesis can be scaled to incorporate direct electromagnetic coupling between first, second, or third lines adjacent to the line transitioning. It is shown that modeling strictly adjacent line coupling is adequate for typical digital technologies. It is shown that the model accurately reproduces the transmission line behavior of systems modeled by previous authors. Example transitions on a 8-line system are reviewed. Finally, future model improvements are discussed.

This diploma thesis focuses on the integration of Ukrainian migrants in the Czech Republic. In connection with the increasing emigration potential of the Republic of Ukraine due to the ongoing civil war, the thesis will be an analysis of the Czech Republic's current integration policy towards foreigners from third countries with an emphasis on migrants from Ukraine. Significant changes in integration policies started after the accession of the Czech Republic to the EU, contextual documents and other public policy measures aimed at systematizing the integration of migrants from third countries. Thus, the aim will be to analyze publicly-relevant documents, which outline the essence and determinants of the Czech Republic's integration policy towards migrants from third countries. The Czech Republic responds sensitively to migratory trends, but more emphasis put on current immigration from Ukraine. Therefore, another goal will be to unveil the integration policy exclusively towards the Ukrainians in the Czech Republic. Finally, the ultimate goal is to understand on the basis of the interviews, what barriers the Ukrainians have in the Czech Republic for integrating into the host society. The life course theory helps to identify what trajectories they choose to integrate in their individual dimensions.

This thesis synthezises theories from intermedia studies, semiotics, Gestalt psychology, cognitive linguistics, cognitive psychology, cognitive poetics, reader response criticism, narratology and possible worlds-theories adjusted to literary studies. The aim is to provide a transdisciplinary explanatory model of the transaction between text and reader during the reading process resulting in the reader experiencing a mental, virtual world. Departing from Mitchells statement that all media are mixed media, this thesis points to Peirce’s tricotomies of different types of signs and to the relation between representamen (sign), object and interpretant, which states that the interpretant can be developed into a more complex sign, for example from a symbolic to an iconic sign. This is explained in cognitive science by the fact that our perceptions are multimodal. We can easily connect sounds and symbolic signs to images. Our brain is highly active in finding structures and patterns, matching them with structures already stored in memory. Cognitive semantics holds that such structures and schematic mental images form the basis for our understanding of concepts. In cognitive linguistics Lakoff and Johnsons theories of conceptual metaphors show that our bodily experiences are fundamental in thought and language, and that abstract thought is concretized by a metaphorical system grounded in our bodily, spatial experiences. Cognitive science has shown that we build situation models based on what the text describes. These mental models are simultaneously influenced by the reader’s personal world knowledge and earlier experiences. Reader response-theorists emphasize the number of gaps that a text leaves to the reader to fill in, using scripts. Eye tracking research reveals that people use mental imaging both when they are re-describing a previously seen picture and when their re-description is based purely on verbal information about a picture. Mental spaces are small conceptual packets constructed as we think and talk. A story is built up by a large number of such spaces and the viewpoint and focus changes constantly. There are numerous possible combinations and relations of mental spaces. For the reader it is important to separate them as well as to connect them. Mental spaces can also be blended. In their integration network model Fauconnier and Turner describe four types of blending, where the structures of the input spaces are blended in different ways. A similar act of separation and fusion is needed dealing with different diegetic levels and focalizations, the question of who tells and who sees in the text. Ryan uses possible worlds-theories from modal logic to describe fictional worlds as both possible and parallel worlds. While fictional worlds are comparable to possible worlds if seen as mental constructions created within our actual world, they must also be treated as parallel worlds, with their own actual, reference world from which their own logic stems. As readers we must recenter ourselves into this fictional world to be able to deal with states of affairs that are logically impossible in our own actual world. The principle of minimal departure states that during our recentering, we only make the adjustments necessary due to explicit statements in the text.