Global ETD Search

1	Brokiga blad och vilda exemplar : En studie om encyklopeditet inom lexikografi med utgångspunkt i två ordböckers växtdefinitioner Mark, Malin January 2015 (has links) Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur encyklopeditet kan förstås inom metalexikografi och praktisk lexikografi. I en teoretisk fördjupning visas att encyklopeditet har förklarats dels utifrån innehållsliga aspekter, såsom omvärldskunskap, dels utifrån formmässiga aspekter, såsom tilläggsinformation. Då encyklopediska definitioner ofta beskrivs som långa och detaljerade associeras de även med fackspråklighet; inom traditionell lexikografi har de kontrasterats mot mer renodlat språkliga definitioner. Men genom påverkan från främst kognitiv semantik är i dag en vanlig uppfattning att det inte går att konstruera ordboksdefinitioner utan encyklopediska inslag. För att undersöka hur encyklopeditet praktiskt kan förstås görs i uppsatsen en kvalitativ analys av växtdefinitioner i Bonniers svenska ordbok (BSO) och Norstedts svenska ordbok (NSO). Denna analys tar sin utgångspunkt i en inledande kategorisering av samtliga växtdefinitioner i ordböckerna. Resultatet visar en högre grad av fackspråklighet i BSO än i NSO, bland annat genom att ord som art, släkte och familj nämns betydligt oftare i BSO:s definitioner. I NSO ges utförligare beskrivningar av välkända växter. Där finns även ett större inslag av definitioner förankrade i en specifik kulturell kontext; snarare än att vara allmängiltiga ges i dessa definitioner prototypiska beskrivningar. Såväl BSO:s fackspråkliga som NSO:s prototypbaserade beskrivningar placeras ofta, men inte alltid, som tilläggsinformation. Således tenderar en viss typ av innehåll att samspela med en viss typ av form, men någon omedelbar koppling går inte att skönja i de undersökta ordboksdefinitionerna. En slutsats är att medan encyklopeditet formmässigt låter sig beskrivas utifrån kriterier som längd och detaljrikedom är det svårare att slå fast vad som innehållsligt utmärker encyklopeditet. Det är också vanskligt att se encyklopedisk information i ordböcker som enbart positivt eller enbart negativt; i stället är det något som måste bedömas utifrån ordbokens tänkta målgrupp och användningsområde. encyklopeditet encyklopedisk information lexikografi kognitiv semantik prototypikalitet definitioner fackspråk Bonniers svenska ordbok Norstedts svenska ordbok Specific Languages Studier av enskilda språk
2	Ris, skäver och skärva : Folklig kategorisering av några barnsjukdomar ur ett kognitivt semantiskt perspektiv Westum, Asbjörg January 1999 (has links) In Swedish dialects we find the terms ris,skäver and skärva referring to illnesses in children. The words are also parts of various compounds which refer to variants of the illnesses. The terms are linguistic expressions denoting two folk categories of illnesses, RIS and SKÄVER/SKÄRVA. These categories are investigated from a cognitive semantic perspective. The cognitive perspective argues that we organize our understanding of reality by using Idealized Cognitive Models (ICM) based on our physical, mental and emotional experiences of the world. The aim is twofold: to demonstrate the bases on which an experienced illness is placed in a certain category, and to show how a folk conception of illness is reflected in the word formation strategies. The word formation strategies emanate from notions of characteristic symptoms, and from notions of causes of illnesses. Both categories, RIS and SKÄVER/SKÄRVA, are based on a number of ICM's. The category RIS is a radial structure, which means that the category is held together although its members have no structural criteria in common. The category SKÄVER/SKÄRVA is a concentrating structure, meaning that all members share all structural criteria. There is a strong connection between word formation strategies and the structures of the categories. Terms related to symptoms refer to members of a category which are part of a radial structure, while terms related to causes refer to members of a category which are part of a concentrating structure. This can be explained by two of the basic assumptions of cognitive semantics: semantic content is structred and symbolized overtly on the surface form of a language and categories are conventional, based on cultural assumptions about the world. / digitalisering@umu Scandinavian languages Swedish dialects cognitive semantics folk categoriza¬tion of illnesses Idealized Cognitive Models radial structure concentrating structure folk etiology word formation Kognitiv semantik folklig kategorisering av sjukdomar folklig sjukdomssyn ordbildning Scandinavian languages Nordiska språk
3	Ris, skäver och skärva : Folklig kategorisering av några barnsjukdomar ur ett kognitivt semantiskt perspektiv Westum, Asbjörg January 1999 (has links) In Swedish dialects we find the terms ris, skäver and skärva referring to illnesses in children. The words are also parts of various compounds which refer to variants of the illnesses. The terms are linguistic expressions denoting two folk categories of illnesses, RIS and SKÄVER/SKÄRVA. These categories are investigated from a cognitive semantic perspective. The cognitive perspective argues that we organize our understanding of reality by using Idealized Cognitive Models (ICM) based on our physical, mental and emotional experiences of the world. The aim is twofold: to demonstrate the bases on which an experienced illness is placed in a certain category, and to show how a folk conception of illness is reflected in the word formation strategies. The word formation strategies emanate from notions of characteristic symptoms, and from notions of causes of illnesses. Both categories, RIS and SKÄVER/SKÄRVA, are based on a number of ICM's. The category RIS is a radial structure, which means that the category is held together although its members have no structural criteria in common. The category SKÄVER/SKÄRVA is a concentrating structure, meaning that all members share all structural criteria. There is a strong connection between word formation strategies and the structures of the categories. Terms related to symptoms refer to members of a category which are part of a radial structure, while terms related to causes refer to members of a category which are part of a concentrating structure. This can be explained by two of the basic assumptions of cognitive semantics: semantic content is structred and symbolized overtly on the surface form of a language and categories are conventional, based on cultural assumptions about the world. / digitalisering@umu Scandinavian languages Swedish dialects cognitive semantics folk categoriza¬tion of illnesses Idealized Cognitive Models radial structure concentrating structure folk etiology word formation Kognitiv semantik folklig kategorisering av sjukdomar folklig sjukdomssyn ordbildning Languages and Literature Språk och litteratur
4	Textmedierade virtuella världar : Narration, perception och kognition / Textually Mediated Virtual Worlds : Narration, perception and cognition Pettersson, Ulf January 2013 (has links) This thesis synthezises theories from intermedia studies, semiotics, Gestalt psychology, cognitive linguistics, cognitive psychology, cognitive poetics, reader response criticism, narratology and possible worlds-theories adjusted to literary studies. The aim is to provide a transdisciplinary explanatory model of the transaction between text and reader during the reading process resulting in the reader experiencing a mental, virtual world. Departing from Mitchells statement that all media are mixed media, this thesis points to Peirce’s tricotomies of different types of signs and to the relation between representamen (sign), object and interpretant, which states that the interpretant can be developed into a more complex sign, for example from a symbolic to an iconic sign. This is explained in cognitive science by the fact that our perceptions are multimodal. We can easily connect sounds and symbolic signs to images. Our brain is highly active in finding structures and patterns, matching them with structures already stored in memory. Cognitive semantics holds that such structures and schematic mental images form the basis for our understanding of concepts. In cognitive linguistics Lakoff and Johnsons theories of conceptual metaphors show that our bodily experiences are fundamental in thought and language, and that abstract thought is concretized by a metaphorical system grounded in our bodily, spatial experiences. Cognitive science has shown that we build situation models based on what the text describes. These mental models are simultaneously influenced by the reader’s personal world knowledge and earlier experiences. Reader response-theorists emphasize the number of gaps that a text leaves to the reader to fill in, using scripts. Eye tracking research reveals that people use mental imaging both when they are re-describing a previously seen picture and when their re-description is based purely on verbal information about a picture. Mental spaces are small conceptual packets constructed as we think and talk. A story is built up by a large number of such spaces and the viewpoint and focus changes constantly. There are numerous possible combinations and relations of mental spaces. For the reader it is important to separate them as well as to connect them. Mental spaces can also be blended. In their integration network model Fauconnier and Turner describe four types of blending, where the structures of the input spaces are blended in different ways. A similar act of separation and fusion is needed dealing with different diegetic levels and focalizations, the question of who tells and who sees in the text. Ryan uses possible worlds-theories from modal logic to describe fictional worlds as both possible and parallel worlds. While fictional worlds are comparable to possible worlds if seen as mental constructions created within our actual world, they must also be treated as parallel worlds, with their own actual, reference world from which their own logic stems. As readers we must recenter ourselves into this fictional world to be able to deal with states of affairs that are logically impossible in our own actual world. The principle of minimal departure states that during our recentering, we only make the adjustments necessary due to explicit statements in the text. intermediality virtual worlds possible worlds fictional worlds storyworlds reader response semiotics Gestalt psychology cognitive linguistics cognitive psychology cognitive poetics reading process mental models situation models schemata scripts narratology diegetic levels focalization transactional theory iconicity immersion aesthetic illusion gaps concretization mental places integration network models blending conceptual metaphors Intermedialitet läsprocess mentala bilder mentala modeller möjliga världar fiktionsvärldar virtuella världar mentala platser semiotik kognitionsforskning kognitiv semantik kognitiv lingvistik kognitiv poetik narratologi fokalisering diegetiska nivåer luckor schemata scripts estetisk illusion ikonicitet

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