This work discuses complex rule systems, integrity constraints implementation issues. It describes all integrity constraints and their types. Showed their representation in UML concepts also ORACLE PL/SQL system code. Analysed realization possibilities of integrity constraints. Realized in database system and enforced testing process in this database of integrity constraits. Introduces users helpfull methodology about peration issues, possibilities and methods. Managed system of integrity constains creating templates. In some ways program generates PL/SQL code by users defined variables.

The objective of this study is to model material removal with cutting tool in the case of the machining of Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and to bring a multi-physic comprehension of chip formation and the tool/workpiece interaction by adopting finite element approaches and methodologies. For that, the present contribution begins by a macroscopic modeling of the orthogonal cutting process. The cut material behavior considered is supposed based on JC law. Moreover, in order to simulate properly the chip genesis, the material fracture energy concept is adopted for controlling the material damage evolution. This allows capturing the shear strain localization and consequently the chip segmentation for a given set of cutting parameters. The frictional contact model considers the influence of temperature on the limiting shear stress at the tool/chip interface. As a result, this reliable model has the capability to simulate the cutting process even with high coefficient of friction and with large cutting edge radius. The parametric study carried out by referring to this model shows a very interesting corroboration with experimental results. In a second step, the present research work presents a material microstructure-level cutting model (MML cutting model) for cutting simulation. The crystal plasticity theory is adopted for modeling the cutting of the Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V in orthogonal case. In this model, the grains of the studied material are explicitly considered, and their orientation angles and slip system strength anisotropy are considered as the main source of the microstructure heterogeneity in the cutting material. To simulate the material degradation process, the continuum intra-granular damage and discrete cohesive zone inter-granular damage models are developed, wherein the zero thickness cohesive elements are implemented to simulate the bond between grain interfaces. The material model is validated by a comparison of compression tests from literature. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the possibility to capture the influence of the microstructure on the material removal in terms of chip formation. It is demonstrated that the grain orientation angle plays an important role for the chip segmentation and its periodicity during the cutting process. This certainly can affect the evolution of the cutting force. Additionally, the surface integrity is discussed based on the MML cutting model for different cutting speeds and feed rates. Indeed, a parametric study shows that the surface integrity is seriously affected by the machining parameters, and the affected region is limited within three layer grains for the present MML cutting model.

LST EN 147XX serijos standartai reglamentuoja dviračio struktūrinio vientisumo reikalavimus. Atitiktis šiems reikalavimams įvertinama bandymu, kurio metu dviratis rieda ant būgnų su nelygumais, patirdamas dinaminį poveikį. Atliekant bandymus, taikomi trys skirtingi apkrovos būdai (svarsčiais; tam tikro svorio metaliniais elementais pripildytais maišais; pneumocilindrais). Darbe pateikiami dviračio struktūrinio vientisumo įvertinimo eksperimentinių tyrimų rezultatai ir jų lyginamoji analizė, naudojant visus tris apkrovos būdus. Matuojamos dviračio rėmo ir vairo deformacijos, esant standartinėms bandymų sąlygoms. Gauti duomenys leidžia padaryti išvadą, kad apkrova pneumocilindrais šio tipo bandymuose yra taikytina. / LST EN 147XX serias standards determine the requirements of bicycles structural integrity properties. Special tests equipment and metodology must be used to proof wether the bicycle meets the requirements of structural integrity or not. Dinamic impacts on the tested bicycle may cause failure or loosening of its elements. Three types of loaded are used: by weights, weight of bags filled with metal elements and pneumatic cylinders. The work presents the results of bicycle structural integrity experiments and its comparative anglysis. The strains of the bicycle frame and handelbar were measured under standard experimental conditions. The results show, that loading of bicycle by pneumatic cylinders is proper in structural integrity tests.

Universiteto vaidmuo ilgainiui kinta. Tam įtakos turi universitetų funkcijų kaitos poreikis – nepakanka kurti ir perduoti žinias, būtinas žinių ekonomikos vystymuisi. Universiteto veikla reikalauja persiorientavimo nuo procesų link rezultato, ypač ieškant jo veiklos naudos visuomenei. Tai reiškia, kad universitetas, siekdamas veikti kintančiomis sąlygomis, turi elgtis socialiai atsakingai. Šia disertacija siekiama ištirti socialinę atsakomybę (toliau – SA) universiteto mokslinės veiklos valdyme. Pasirinkta tyrimo strategija – grindžiamoji teorija, kuri leido suformuluoti empiriniais duomenimis grįstas teorines prielaidas. Disertacijoje nagrinėjama SA samprata prasmės ir turinio kitimo aspektais, taip pat parodoma SA transformacijos chronologinė raida, išskiriami SA tipai, apibendrinami tyrimai nuo įmonės SA link viešojo sektoriaus SA. Taip pat analizuojama universiteto SA ir jos tipai, SA įtaka universiteto organizacinei kultūrai, pateikiami keli gerosios patirties pavyzdžiai. Ši dalis baigiama įvadu į universiteto mokslinės veiklos socialinį vaidmenį ir mokslininko elgesį. Toliau paaiškinamas SA diegimas etikos priemonėmis, pradedant nuo vertybių institucionalizavimo, sąmoningumo formavimo ir vedant link SA realizavimo universiteto strategijoje. Taip pat pateikiami gauti empirinio tyrimo rezultatai pagal tyrimo klausimus ir jų analizė. / The role of a university develops over time in response to both internal and external pressures. Higher education is now influenced by the need to change even its central functions and mindset – it is no longer sufficient to create and transfer knowledge, necessary for the development of knowledge economy. The performance of a university requires a refocusing from process to outcomes, notably in quest of societal benefit. It means that a university, seeking to operate in a changing environment, should behave in as socially responsible a way as society expects. The aim of this dissertation is to study social responsibility (SR) in the management of university research performance. The selected research strategy – it is the grounded theory which enabled to provide theoretically empirical data-based assumptions. The doctoral dissertation analyses the aspects of altering meaning and scope of the concept of SR, while showing the chronological development of the transformation of SR and types of SR. It also summarises studies, from SR of business to SR of the public sector. Then it analyses university SR and its types; the influence of SR on organisational culture at university; and introduces some examples of good university practice. This part ends with an introduction to the university‘s social role in research performance and the behaviour of the researcher. Also, it refers to the implementation of SR by ethical means, starting from the institutionalisation of values, the... [to full text]

Oil companies need to evaluate the risk of annular fluid or gas migration if cement fails during the life of the well. Sustained casing pressure can lead to shutting in the wells to avoid health, safety, and environment (HSE) risks and government fines. To understand the long-term integrity of cement in high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) conditions and the mechanical properties that affect the ability of cements to seal fluids, this project used finite-element models (FEMs) to study the stress-causing phenomena. FEM analyses in ABAQUS version 6.11 were used to determine the potential of cement failure in oil wells. The model uses a 3D section of a well that can be used for different casing and formation types under different loading conditions. The model built in ABAQUS version 6.11 allows incorporating materials with nonlinear mechanical properties; it also uses FEM analysis to forecast fractures inside the cement under different loading scenarios like hydraulic fracture jobs or casing tests. The finite-element model included cases for cement cracking, cement debonding, and plastic deformation of the cement and rock that can generate loss of zonal isolation. Linear manner: set cements behave elastically until a failure criterion is reached, and then they can behave plastically. The FEM approach can reproduce stresses, strains, and volume changes in the material under different environmental HTHP conditions. Cemented wells have both tensile and compressive stresses that make some parts of the cement sheath experience fracture initiation, plastic deformation, or debonding. This dissertation provides a model that will help drillers design the set cement for long-term integrity in HPHT well conditions. The FEM predicts if the cement sheath can develop debonding, cracks or plastic deformations during the life of the well. The cement sheath needs to be designed for long-term zonal isolation to avoid interzonal communications, remedial costs and environmental problems related to cement seal. A CMS™-300 Automated Permeameter, a mechanical properties analyzer, HPHT cement consistometer, annular expansion molds, and tri-axial test equipment were used in this study to test cements for specific applications in three Colombian oil fields, including an oil field with in-situ combustion project.

No description available.

<p>Aim and Objectives: To assess the effect of bleaching on the marginal integrity of Class V composite resin restorations. To determine the effect of a 6% hydrogen peroxide over the counter and a 38% hydrogen peroxide in-office vital bleaching treatment products on the microleakage of Class V composite restorations.</p>

The debate surrounding whether genuine moral dilemmas exist or is a longstanding one. Proponents of the existence of genuine moral dilemmas like Ruth Barcan Marcus and Bernard Williams have appealed to the moral residue argument as a means of proving that moral dilemmas exist. Opponents like WaIter SinnottArmstrong, Patricia Greenspan, and Terence McConnell, however, have denied its efficacy on the basis that the moral residue argument begs the question on two counts: Firstly, by assuming that rationally irresolvable conflicts of commitments exist, and secondly, by assuming that agents who experience moral residue have necessarily done something wrong. I argue in this thesis that there is a way that the moral residue argument can be salvaged and provide a more precise account of appropriate moral residue - an account that simultaneously overcomes the objections. Specifically, I argue that the moral residue argument, when interpreted in terms ofthe independent standard of integrity, can provide an account of appropriate moral residue that can explain what the agent has done wrong, and that is neither too strict nor overlooks the fact ofthe agent's harsh self-assessment and moral residue. In so doing I show how the specific accounts of appropriate moral residue assumed in the objections are flawed and miss the force of the point about moral residue. By examining two case studies - Williams Styron's Sophie 's Choice, and Euripides' Jphigenia at Aulis - I show that it can be established independently that both Sophie and Agamemnon do something wrong and would do something wrong no matter how they acted in their respective situations. Through Lynn McFall's conception of integrity I show that Sophie and Agamemnon would undermine their integrity regardless ofwhich oftheir alternative they chose to act on. In so doing I establish that their moral residue is appropriate and would be appropriate had they acted on their other alternative. By this means I demonstrate how - when interpreted in terms of the independent standard of integrity - the moral residue argument can support the existence of genuine moral dilemmas. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2003.

Bakgrund: Att opereras sätter patienten i en utsatt situation där personliga och kroppsliga gränser överskrids. Då patienten sövs har hon ännu mindre kontroll över vad som sker och den perioperativa sjuksköterskan blir den som måste bevara hennes värdighet och integritet. På flera intensivvårdsavdelningar kommunicerar personalen med den sövda patienten då de utgår ifrån att hon kan höra och minnas det som sägs även under anestesi. Detta synsätt är till synes inte lika utbrett inom operationsvården. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva operationssjuksköterskors upplevelser av hur de upprätthåller den sövda patientens integritet och värdighet. Metod: Tre fokusgruppsintervjuer utfördes på två sjukhus i södra Sverige. I studien deltog 12 operationssjuksköterskor med arbetslivserfarenhet från ett halvår upp till 44 år. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades och datan analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fyra kategorier med underkategorier identifierades som beskrev operationssjuksköterskans bevarande av den sövda patientens integritet och värdighet. Dessa var: att bevara patientens kroppsliga integritet, att försvara patienten, att ha ett empatiskt förhållningssätt och att följa upp kränkningar mot patienter. Konklusion: Bevarandet av den sövda patientens värdighet och integritet är en komplex fråga, där den kroppsliga integriteten lätt tar överhanden. Implementeringen av ett arbetssätt där den sövda patienten antas kunna uppfatta en del av det som händer på operationssalen skulle kunna leda till att alla delar av värdigheten och integriteten lättare bevaras. Operationssjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att se till hela människan och hennes behov. Det är många faktorer som påverkar vilka strategier som används av sjuksköterskan och det krävs ett reflekterande förhållningssätt. Organisationen har ett ansvar för att främja arbetsmiljön och teamsamarbetet för att på bästa sätt möjliggöra bevarandet av patientens värdighet och integritet. / Background: Surgery puts the patient in a vulnerable situation where personal and physical limits are exceeded. An anesthetized patient has even less control over what is happening and the perioperative nurse has to maintain the dignity and integrity of the patient. In many intensive care units, the staff communicates with the anesthetized patient assuming she can hear and remember what is said even under sedation. This approach doesn’t seem to be as widespread in surgical care. Objective: The objective was to describe the surgical nurses' experiences of how they maintain the anesthetized patient integrity and dignity. Method: Three focus group interviews were conducted at two hospitals in southern Sweden. The study enrolled 12 operating theatre nurses with work experience from six months up to 44 years. The interviews were recorded and transcribed and the data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Four categories with subcategories were identified that described how the operating theatre nurses maintained the integrity and dignity of the anesthetized patient. These were: to preserve the patients’ bodily integrity, defending the patient, to have an empathetic approach and to follow up on violations towards patients. Conclusion: Maintaining the anesthetized patient's dignity and integrity is a complex issue, where bodily integrity often takes precedence. The implementation of an approach where the anesthetized patient is assumed to be able to understand a part of what happens in the operating room could lead to the preservation of the patients’ dignity and integrity as a whole. The operating theatre nurse has an important role to care for the whole person and her needs. There are many factors that influences the strategies used by the nurses that also requires a reflective approach. The organization itself has a responsibility to promote the work environment and team collaboration to best enable the preservation of the patients’ dignity and integrity.

Computational techniques have transformed the journalistic approach. Journalists now have the opportunity to integrate user-statistics from the news website with their work. Singer (2011) argues that journalists seem particularly afraid of items, which they perceive as trivial or otherwise unsavory, will prove popular - potentially creating management pressures to produce more of those stories. She describes this practice as ‘‘traffic whoring’’. This phenomenon could affect journalists democratic function and their public responsibility. Through qualitative interviews we seek to answer the question: how do journalist perceive traffic whoring and how does it affect their journalistic work? Our study reveals that the interviewed journalists don’t consider themselves to be influenced by traffic whoring. On the contrary, their given statements describes the opposite. Partly due to the visibility of user-preferences, but also due to an increasing management demand to generate high numbers and statistics.