Utilizing survey data collected through the City Planning and Indigeneity on the Prairies (CPIP) Project in the summer of 2014 this thesis examines what, if any, affect contact between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people has on non-Aboriginal people’s racial attitudes. Two hypotheses are tested: contact with Aboriginal people reduces new and old-fashioned racism attitudes amongst non-Aboriginal people; and contact has greater effect on the racial attitudes of those with lower education levels than those with higher education levels. Key findings indicate that both hypotheses are in fact correct but each with its own caveats.

It has almost been a decade since the inception of a 'New South Africa', without apartheid, which separated South Africans and classified them hierarchically according to their 'race'. The 'eradication' of apartheid has meant that South Africans have had to re-look at issues around racial identity without a dominating apartheid ideology. The purpose of the research was to describe and to look at some of the features and dynamics concerning racial identity that are prevalent in a post-apartheid South Africa. This was done by exploring the nature and type of interactions University of Natal Durban (UNO) students (doing a Human Behaviour and the Environment module) had with persons not from their own racial group, prior to coming to UNO as well as at UNO. The possible challenges, threats and opportunities students felt were afforded them because of their racial group were also explored. Literature concerning issues of racial identification in South Africa and other parts of the world was also examined. A descriptive research design, using a triangulated research methodology incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods was used in the study. A non-probability sampling method with reliance on 83 available law, community development, nursing and psychology students representing the four racial classifications in South Africa, namely black, white, coloured and Indian was used. Data were collected through observations as well as through a self administered structured questionnaire. The findings of the research suggest that issues related to racial identification in a post-apartheid South Africa, for black, white, coloured and Indian students is in turmoil and requires reconstruction. The findings further indicated that questions about affirmative action and the future of non-black South Africans in South Africa is believed to be uncertain and negative. The issue of poverty and the internalised oppression and inferiority of black students was also identified to be problematic. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1961.

The present thesis consists of three studies on the effects of group membership in large group decisions. The overall aim was to contribute to understanding how individuals react when decisions are made in large groups. We explored consequences of procedural justice concerns within such groups. In Study I we investigated how different decision procedures and issue importance affect perceptions of others who agree and disagree with the individual on a potentially important issue.  Individuals attributed more positive reasons for attitudes of those who agree as opposed to disagree with themselves, whereas disagreers were attributed more negative reasons. The asymmetry was moderated by decision form, and issue importance. The attitudes concerned attitudes towards potential new policies. In Study II we investigated differences in participants’ perceptions of others depending on own position towards the new policy. Challengers of the status quo advocating a change in the existing policy, were more biased when judging others than were defenders of the status quo. This suggests that challengers are less tolerant of defenders’ point of view. This effect was not affected by perceptions of minority status among the challengers. In Study III we looked at individual group members’ cognitive restructuring of a preferred decision alternative, and how it differs between decision conditions when the decision-maker is affiliated to own ingroup or not. Results showed that individuals restructure the attractiveness of their preferred alternative in group decisions similarly to what has been previously found in individual decision-making. The magnitude of restructuring was greatest when ingroup members decided for the group. However, this effect was moderated by identification with the ingroup, such that those who identified themselves with the ingroup restructured their preferred alternative more when ingroup members decided as opposed to when outgroup authorities decided. / <p>At the time of doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted.</p>

The general aim of the project was to describe the situation of lesbians and gay men in a nursing environment by studying the attitudes of nursing staff and students, and the experiences of gay nursing staff in their work environment and of gay patients and partners in their encounters with nursing. The study for papers I and II had a descriptive, comparative design. Nurses, assistant nurses, and nursing students completed the Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Scale (ATHS), the Causes of Homosexuality Questionnaire (CHQ), and the Affect Adjective Checklist (AAC), along with the Nursing Behaviour Questionnaire (NBQ). In general, the participating nursing staff and students expressed positive attitudes, though some subjects reported very negative attitudes toward gay people. The participants also expressed a full spectrum of emotions from delight to anger. The studies for papers III and IV had a descriptive, explorative design. Here, the data collection was performed by semi-structured interviews. The informants were gay nursing staff, gay patients and partners of patients. The gay personnel reported fear and concern about heterosexuals' reactions when these informants 'come out', and were constantly assesing the risk being open about their sexual orientation among their workmates. Nearly all patients and partners described several situations where heteronormative assumptions were communicated by the nursing staff. Almost all informants offered recommendations for nursing staff to facilitate communication. According to the presented findings, probably only a small minority in Swedish nursing have negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. However, the informants told of heteronormative language and behaviour in nursing contexts that were percieved as insensitive, insulting and humaliating. Nursing staff need to learn how to communicate in a more natural way and to be aware of the norms they communicate through the language and behaviour they use.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--St. Mary's University, San Antonio, Texas, 2007. / "December 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-132) and appendices.

These (Ph.D.)--University of Waterloo, 2007. / Title from PDF title page. Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-131). Also issued in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Communications and Culture. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 438-465). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNR11601

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:16:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1250883 bytes, checksum: 533fd5d9899ed0a3656fe022e2275b1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In the face of globalization and international agreements, the politics of the Brazilian government began to prioritize in their educational system, care for the disabled in regular classes in regular education - National Education Plan (Goal 4, 2012). Then comes a new scenario in daily school where the social aspect of relations, prejudice has a prominent place. In this context, deploying up promoting public policies aimed at inclusion of equal opportunities and conviviality. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate prejudice and intergroup contact in the Nucleus of Support to People with Special Needs (NAPNE's) related to educational inclusion in regular class. To accomplish this, was justified as the theoretical reflections extend toward theory of prejudice, which this work appropriates the knowledge about the theory of social representations conveyed in this medium - public politics of inclusion - the light of the theory of contact and of intergroup relations, understanding that strategies based on contact can open new horizons in terms of trade that exists between what is intrapsychic, interpersonal, intergroup or societal. The sample comprised 118 members - teachers and administrators - the inclusion of core TECNEP/ SETEC/ MEC program called NAPNE s, the Brazilian Federal Institutes, with 75,4% female, 41,5% aged 30 - 39 years old, with less than 10 years of professional experience (58,5%) , and 70,3% prepared to work with the disabled. We used the descriptive method with qualitative and quantitative explanatory approach with a descriptive character. The instrument used was a semi-structured questionnaire addressing aspects of performance; support received, the degree of satisfaction with the facilities and the main difficulties or obstacles. Variables were measured on the Likert scales and Bogardus (1925), and finally, sociodemographic questions. These data were processed using the SPSS software and EVOC, and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed 70,3% of members participating in intergroup relations, but 85,6% dissatisfied with school facilities and only 14,4% satisfied with the institutional support received, at the school for lack of contact in relationships (90,6%) with Persons with Special Needs showing almost nonexistent. Segregation was rejected (92,3%). In referring to the results of the analysis means a lack of support of all kinds to the cores, nonexistent effective contact, members are eager to participate in the process agreeing with the commonality of the room, and that the public politics of inclusion in the way is causing institutional bias, allowing for operational adjustments. Research shows that the way to bring effects that would result in decreased bias in the ratio of acceptable cultural and social differences in modern society is the planned and structured intergroup contact, and that the cores can influence the process of inclusion when there are more frequent in intergroup contacts. / Diante da globalização e dos acordos internacionais, a política do governo brasileiro passou a priorizar, em seu sistema educacional, o atendimento aos deficientes em classes comuns do ensino regular - Plano Nacional de Educação (Meta 4, 2012). Surge então um novo cenário no cotidiano das escolas, onde no aspecto social das relações, o preconceito tem um lugar de destaque. Nesse contexto, implantam-se políticas públicas promotoras de inclusão voltadas para a igualdade de oportunidades e convivialidade. Assim, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi investigar o preconceito e o contato intergrupal nos Núcleos de Apoio as Pessoas com Necessidades Específicas (NAPNE s), relacionados à inclusão escolar em classe comum. Para alcançar este objetivo, justificou-se como aporte teórico ampliar as reflexões frente à teoria do preconceito, do qual este trabalho se apropria dos conhecimentos acerca da teoria das representações sociais veiculadas neste meio políticas públicas de inclusão - a luz da teoria do contato e das relações intergrupais, por entender que estratégias baseadas no contato podem abrir novos horizontes, numa relação de trocas que existe entre o que é intrapsíquico, interpessoal, intergrupal ou societal. A amostra composta por 118 integrantes professores e administrativos - dos núcleos de inclusão do programa TECNEP/SETEC/MEC, denominados de NAPNE s, dos Institutos Federais brasileiro, com 75,4% do sexo feminino, 41,5% com idades entre 30 - 39 anos, com menos de 10 anos de atuação profissional (58,5%), e 70,3% preparados para o trabalho com deficientes. Aplicou-se o Método descritivo explicativo com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, tendo um caráter descritivo. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário semi estruturado contemplando aspectos relativos à atuação; o apoio recebido; o grau de satisfação com as instalações e as principais dificuldades ou obstáculos. As variáveis foram mensuradas em escalas do tipo Likert e de Bogardus (1925), e por fim, questões sociodemográficas. Estes dados foram processados utilizando os softwares SPSS e EVOC, e analisados através de estatística descritiva. Os resultados mostraram 70,3% dos integrantes participando das relações intergrupais, porém 85,6% insatisfeitos com as instalações escolares e apenas 14,4% satisfeitos com o apoio institucional recebido, na escola há falta de contato nas relações (90,6%) junto as Pessoas com Necessidades Específicas se mostrando quase inexistente. A segregação foi rejeitada (92,3%). No que se referem aos resultados das análises entende-se que falta apoio de toda ordem aos núcleos, inexiste um contato efetivo, os integrantes estão ávidos em participar do processo concordando com a comunalidade da sala, e que esta política pública de inclusão na forma como se encontra provoca preconceito institucional, ensejando ajustes operacionais. A pesquisa mostra que a forma de trazer efeitos que resultariam em diminuição do preconceito numa relação de diferenças culturais e sociais aceitáveis pela sociedade moderna seja o contato intergrupal planejado e estruturado, e que, os Núcleos podem influenciar no processo da inclusão quando há maior frequência nos contatos intergrupais.

This article examines the role of intergroup trust and recognition of past sufferings onintergroup attitudes. We conducted an experiment among Dutch-speaking students in which we manipulated the degree of importance that French-speakers gave to historical episodes of past victimizations in order to test its impact on the attitudes towards the French-speakers. Results show that intergroup attitudes were most favorable among the high-trusting Dutch-speaking participants when they were led to believe that the French- speakers judged important the events where both communities were considered as victims, compared to the conditions where only French-speaking or only Dutch-speaking sufferings were considered important. This suggests some level of intergroup trust is a condition forthe positive effect of shared memories of victimization on attitudes. / Este artículo examina el rol de la confianza intergrupal y el reconocimiento del sufrimiento pasado en las relaciones intergrupales. Un experimento con estudiantes belgas flamencos manipuló la importancia que belgas francófonos otorgaban a episodios del pasado de victimización para contrastar su impacto en las actitudes hacia los francófonos. Los resultado smostraron que las actitudes intergrupales eran más favorables en los belgas flamencos con alta confianza intergrupal cuando se les presentaba información que los francófonos juzgaban como importantes los sufrimientos de ambos comunidades, en comparación cuando la información solo enfatizaba el sufrimiento de los flamencos o de los francófonos. Estosugiere que un nivel de confianza intergrupo es necesario para que memorias compartidas de sufrimiento mejoren las actitudes.