Les éléments constituant la chaîne de traction sont le plus souvent dissocies et indépendants entre eux (pack de batteries, convertisseur de traction et moteur). L'utilisation des convertisseurs en cascade en tant que convertisseurs de traction a été le cœur de ces travaux de thèse. Les performances énergétiques des convertisseurs en cascade et de l'onduleur de tension classique ont été comparées sur un cycle de conduite normalisé pour différentes configurations sur les convertisseurs de puissance (niveau de tension mis en jeu dans la chaîne de traction, variation du nombre d'onduleurs connectés en série pour les convertisseurs en cascade et variation du nombre de semi-conducteurs en parallèle pour réaliser la fonction des interrupteurs de puissance dans les convertisseurs). D'autres convertisseurs d'électronique de puissance sont nécessaires pour le bon fonctionnement d'un véhicule électrique. L'un de ces convertisseurs est le chargeur de batteries qui puise l'énergie du réseau électrique pour venir recharger les batteries du véhicule. Un autre est le système de monitoring des batteries qui permet d'assurer un équilibrage et un état de charge uniforme entre les différentes cellules qui composent le pack de batteries du véhicule. Dans une optique de mutualisation de fonction du convertisseur de puissance, les convertisseurs en cascade ont été étudiés pour assurer la fonction de chargeur et d'équilibreur lorsque la traction du véhicule n'est pas utilisée. / The elements that can be found in traction chain are usually separate and independent between them (battery pack, traction converter and motor). The use of cascaded inverter in order to drive the vehicle has been the heart of this thesis. The energy performance of cascaded inverter and classical voltage source inverter were compared on a standardized driving cycle for different power converters configurations (voltage level for the traction chain, variation of the number serial inverter for cascaded H-bridge and different number of semiconductors in parallel to do the function of the power switches in converters). Other power electronic converters are necessary for the electrical vehicle. One of these converters is the battery charger which tranfer energy from the network to the vehicle's batteries. Another is the battery monitoring system that ensures a balance and uniform state between the different cells which make up the battery pack of the vehicle. With an objective of increasing the function of the power converter, cascaded H-bridge have been designed to provide the function of charger and balance the battery cell when the traction chain of the vehicle is not used.

This work involves in anti-error coding systems with interleaving. At first is given summary of high-frequency use error correction codes. Below there are described two basic techniques of interleaving and their confrontation. The next text is focusing on survey and characteristics of codes which conform to submission. After selection of optimal system is verified its function in MATLAB environment. Final step is creation of functional application in C++ environment. This application serves to transmission of error correction BMP pictures.

This dissertation thesis deals with new progressive channel coding methods for data transmission using satellite transponder. The design of the system for SMS transmission, in which novel turbo coding methods are applied, is discussed too. An achievement of the lowest output power and the smallest user aperture is the principal aim of the new method applications. Design of system that would be able to the error free SMS transmission by very low signal to noise ratio is analyzed in this dissertation thesis. The work is focused on energy budget, modification and implementation of new turbo code types and using unique properties, development of new bit error rate estimation methods and methods for determination of final SMS form. The main contribution is the new type of turbo code development that have optimal properties for this usage, development of new bit error rate estimation method and development of method that is able to determine final form of SMS on the basis SMS frame structure and turbo decoding theory when the bit error rate is not zero.

This doctoral thesis is focused into the area of multicarrier radio communications systems. These systems are perspective for current and incoming mobile communications and wireless networks. Advantages of multicarrier systems like better multipath propagation resistivity are redeemed by some disadvantages. The high peak to average power ratio of transmitted signal belongs to these disadvantages, for its inconvenience for high efficient power amplification. The thesis concerns with peak to average power ratio reduction methods for OFDM systems, that belongs to the most used multicarrier systems. One of the main objectives is the modification of the existing methods with the intention of complexity reduction. Following subject of interest is the analysis of suitable methods combinations possibilities for more significant peak to average power ratio reduction. One part of this thesis is research of influence of these methods on the OFDM signals with different parameters.

[pt] Este trabalho tem como foco o up-grade da taxa de bits em enlaces ópticos através da tecnologia OTDM. Os sistemas analisados contemplam os up-grades das taxas de 2,48 Gbps para 10 Gbps e também da taxa de 10 Gbps para 40 Gbps. Para tal, foram introduzidos módulos de transmissão e recepção, capazes de utilizar arquiteturas quase totalmente ópticas. É avaliado então, através de simulações, o comportamento da arquitetura proposta em infra-estruturas de enlaces já instalados no Brasil, destacando os pontos mais críticos. No que se refere ao up-grade de 10 Gbps para 40 Gbps, foi dado enfoque especial para as penalidades relativas à PMD (Polarization Mode Dispersion). / [en] This work aims at up grading the bit rate of optical links through the OTDM technology. The analyzed up-grades change the bit rate of 2,48 Gbps up to 10 Gbps and also from the bit rate of 10 Gbps up to 40 Gbps. To reach these objectives, transmission and reception modules were introduced, using all optical networks topologies. The performance of the proposed architecture was simulated using a infrastructure of links already installed in Brazil. The most critical issues were pointed out. Concerning the up-grade from 10 Gbps to 40 Gbps, a special focus was given to the penalties due to PMD (Polarization Mode Dispersion).

Optimising the throughput performance for wireless networks is one of the challenging tasks in the objectives of communication engineering, since wireless channels are prone to errors due to path losses, random noise, and fading phenomena. The transmission errors will be worse in a multihop scenario due to its accumulative effects. Network Coding (NC) is an elegant technique to improve the throughput performance of a communication network. There is the fact that the bit error rates over one modulation symbol of 16- and higher order- Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) scheme follow a certain pattern. The Scattered Random Network Coding (SRNC) system was proposed in the literature to exploit the error pattern of 16-QAM by using bit-scattering to improve the throughput of multihop network to which is being applied the Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC). This thesis aims to improve further the SRNC system by using Forward Error Correction (FEC) code; the proposed system is called Joint RLNC and FEC with interleaving. The first proposed system (System-I) uses Convolutional Code (CC) FEC. The performances analysis of System-I with various CC rates of 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/6, and 1/8 was carried out using the developed simulation tools in MATLAB and compared to two benchmark systems: SRNC system (System-II) and RLNC system (System- III). The second proposed system (System-IV) uses Reed-Solomon (RS) FEC code. Performance evaluation of System IV was carried out and compared to three systems; System-I with 1/2 CC rate, System-II, and System-III. All simulations were carried out over three possible channel environments: 1) AWGN channel, 2) a Rayleigh fading channel, and 3) a Rician fading channel, where both fading channels are in series with the AWGN channel. The simulation results show that the proposed system improves the SRNC system. How much improvement gain can be achieved depends on the FEC type used and the channel environment. / Indonesian Government and the University of Bradford

No description available.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / OFDM systems have experienced increased attention in recent years and have found applications in a number of diverse areas including telephone-line based ADSL links, digital audio and video broadcasting systems, and wireless local area networks (WLAN). Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a powerful technique for high data-rate transmission over fading channels. However, to deploy OFDM in a WLAN environment, precise frequency synchronization must be maintained and tricky frequency offsets must be handled. In this thesis, various techniques to improve the data throughput of OFDM WLAN are investigated. A simulation tool was developed in Matlab to evaluate the performance of the IEEE 802.11a physical layer. We proposed a rapid time and frequency synchronization algorithm using only the short training sequence of the IEEE 802.11a standard, thus reducing the training overhead to 50%. Particular attention was paid to channel coding, block interleaving and antenna diversity. Computer simulation showed that drastic improvement in error rate performance is achievable when these techniques are deployed. / Lieutenant, Hellenic Navy

Les communications futures pour les applications civiles et militaires utilisent des signaux modulés complexes large bande qui seront émis à travers des amplificateurs de puissance multivoie de type DOHERTY qui devront avoir des performances en puissance, rendement, OBO et largeur de bande qui constituent aujourd’hui un véritable défi à relever. Pour ce faire les concepteurs ont besoin d’outils de caractérisation temporelle permettant la mesure normalisées et l’optimisation des tensions et courants aux accès des dispositifs non linéaires sous pointes ou connectorisés. Ce travail de thèse a permis de mettre en œuvre cet outil de caractérisation temporelle qui a été utilisé pour répondre à des besoins spécifiques pour la modélisation de transistor, pour l’optimisation de leur fonctionnement en termes de stabilité impulsion à impulsion, pour la recherche des conditions optimales de leur fonctionnement dans un amplificateur de type Doherty. Pour cette mise en œuvre une modélisation mathématique des échantillonneurs a été réalisée pour évaluer leurs performances et choisir le mieux adapté à la mesure temporelle RF. Des procédures d’étalonnages rigoureuses ont été développées pour obtenir simultanément des formes d’ondes temporelles calibrées à spectre très large (Basse fréquences jusqu’aux Hyperfréquences). / The future communications for civil and military applications will use complex wideband modulated signals to be transmitted through multi-channel DOHERTY power amplifiers which should have high performance in terms of power, efficiency, OBO, and bandwidth. In order to meet these stringent requirements, designers need time-domain characterization tools for calibrated measurements and for optimizing voltages and currents at both ports of non-linear connectorized or on-wafer devices. This work successfully implements time-domain characterization tools used to meet specific needs for transistor modeling, to optimize their operation in terms of pulse to pulse stability, and to search optimal conditions of their operation modes in a Doherty power amplifier. For this implementation, mathematical modeling is performed to evaluate sampler’s performances in terms of time-domain sampling efficiency in order to choose the best suited sampling architecture for RF time-domain measurements. Rigorous calibration procedures have been developed to obtain simultaneously full time-domain calibrated waveforms (from low Frequencies to Microwave frequencies).

Experimental research on high-power converters, particularly in an academic environment, faces severe infrastructural constraints. Usually, power source and loads of required ratings are not available. Further, more importantly, the energy consumption is huge. One possibility is to establish an experimental research platform, comprising of a network of high-power converters, through which power is circulated and which draws only the losses from the mains. This work deals with the establishment of a circulating power test set-up, comprising of two line-side PWM converters, inclusive of control and modulation methods for the two converters. Two types of circulating power test setups are developed. In the first setup, the converters are connected in parallel, on ac as well as dc sides, such that real and/or reactive power is circulated between them. In the second test setup, the dc buses of the converters are separated; hence, only reactive power circulation is possible. These setups are used to conduct heat-run tests with low energy expenditure on the PWM converters at various operating conditions up to power levels of 150 kVA. Further, these are used to validate analytically-evaluated thermal characteristics of high-power PWM converters. A safe thermal limit is derived for such converters in terms of apparent power (kVA) handled, power factor and switching frequency. The effects of voltage sag and of unequal current sharing between parallel IGBT modules on the safe thermal limit are studied. While the power drawn by the circulating-power setup from the grid is much lower than the ratings of the individual converters, the harmonic injection into the mains by the setup could be significant since the harmonics drawn by both converters tend to add up. This thesis investigates carrier interleaving to improve the waveform quality of grid current, drawn by the circulating-power test setup. The study of carrier interleaving is quite general and covers various applications of parallel-connected converters such as unity power factor rectification, static reactive power compensation and grid-connected renewable energy systems. In literature, carrier interleaving has been employed mainly for unity power factor rectifiers, sharing a common dc load equally. In such case, the fundamental components of the terminal voltages of the parallel converters are equal. However, when the power sharing between the two converters is unequal, or when power is circulated between the two converters, the terminal voltages of the two converters are not equal. A method to estimate rms grid current ripple, drawn by parallel-connected converters with equal and/or unequal terminal voltages, in a synchronous reference frame is presented. Further, the influence of carrier interleaving on the rms grid current ripple is studied. The optimum interleaving angle, which minimizes the rms grid current ripple under various applications, is investigated. This angle is found to be a function of modulation index of the converters in the equal terminal voltages case. In the unequal terminal voltages case, the optimum interleaving angle is shown to be a function of the average modulation index of the two parallel converters. The effect of carrier interleaving is experimentally studied on the reactive power circulation setup at different values of kVA and different dc bus voltages. The grid current ripple is measured for different values of interleaving angle. It is found experimentally that the optimum interleaving angle reduces the rms grid current ripple by between 37% and 48%, as compared without interleaving, at various operating conditions. Further, the reactive power circulation test set-up is used to evaluate and compare power conversion losses corresponding to different PWM techniques such as conventional space-vector PWM (CSVPWM), bus-clamping PWM (BCPWM) and advanced bus-clamping PWM methods for static reactive power compensator (STATCOM) application at high power levels. It is demonstrated theoretically as well as experimentally that an advanced bus-clamping PWM method, termed minimum switching loss PWM (MSLPWM), leads to significantly lower power conversion loss than CSVPWM and BCPWM techniques at a given average switching frequency.