BANK GUARANTY Keywords * security instrument * New Civil Code * international legislation * Swiss legislation * Abstract This thesis sets a goal to give the survey about institute bank guaranty as a security instrument. Expect the introduction and conclusion this thesis is divided into four larger units. Its first part is dedicated to the institute bank guaranty in internal legislation. Here is given view of legislation, which was effective in the Czech Republic before the recodification of Private Law that means legislation of Commercial Code, as well as actually legislation, means legislation of New Civil Code. Comparison between both legislations offers specification of changes that happened in legislation of this institute within the recodification and also their evaluation. Within this comparison is described principle of the institute bank guaranty itself and legal relationships, which within this institute exist, to whose nearer understanding are here available diagrams, which these relationships represent. Second part of thesis gives a view of bank guaranty in international business relationship and legislation, which has established within the activity of International Chamber of Commerce in Paris and Committee of UNO for International Commercial Law and this issues regulate. Thesis concentrates...

Sendo o solo, um recurso natural com multiplicidade de funções, torna-se urgente e necessário protegê-lo de todas as fontes de contaminação. A concentração e distribuição de metais na superfície dos solos são dependentes da natureza da rocha a partir da qual o solo foi derivado, dos processos intempéricos e pedogenéticos. Porém, o crescimento industrial e populacional em Moatize tem influenciado os teores de metais pesados nos solos, impactando a qualidade deste recurso. A presente Tese tem como principal objetivo caracterizar o grau de comprometimento ambiental dos solos por elementos potencialmente tóxicos (Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, Zn e Zr) já determinados no conteúdo dos carvões decorrentes da industrialização no distrito de Moatize, Província de Tete, Moçambique. Nessa pesquisa foram coletadas 5 pontos de amostras de solo na área 1 (uma das mineradoras que atuam na área), 12 pontos de amostras na área 2 (uma segunda mineradora nessa região), 2 pontos de amostras de poeira nas casa de habitantes próxima a atividade mineira, 5 pontos de amostras de solo em áreas com mínima atividade antrópica para determinar as concentrações naturais de metais no solo (área 3) e 2 amostras de carvão mineral designadas UCS e LCS, provenientes da mineradora Vale Moçambique. A caracterização química das amostras foi realizada através das técnicas de Fluorescência de Raio-X (FRX) e por Espectrômetro de Emissão Atômica com Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (ICP-OES). Os resultados de solos obtidos por ICP-OES foram comparados com os teores de metais considerados naturais \"background\" obtidos em Moatize e os teores das legislações CONAMA (2009) e CETESB (2016). Os resultados obtidos por FRX indicam que os solos assim como o carvão são constituídos majoritariamente por SiO2 e Al2O3. Pode-se notar ainda, uma concentração significativa nas amostras do carvão mineral e solos do SO3. Dos metais potencialmente tóxicos analisados por FRX, o Cr2O3 apresentou valores relativamente altos em todos os pontos de coleta de solo e nas amostras de carvão para os compostos com CuO e ZnO. Os elementos Ti, Mn, Ni, Ba, Pb, Zn, Co, Cr, V e Sr apresentaram concentrações superiores em relação aos teores de background encontrados nos solos em Moatize principalmente para os 12 pontos de amostras na área 2. Importa salientar ainda que os resultados apresentados apontam para alterações de alguns elementos químicos nos solos estudados como o Ni, Ba, Co e Cr, quando comparados com os valores de referência estabelecidos pelas legislações CONAMA (2009) e CETESB (2016). / Being the soil, a natural resource with multiplicity of functions, it becomes urgent and necessary to protect it from all sources of contamination. The concentration and distribution of metals in the soil surface are dependent on the nature of rock from which the soil was derived from, the intemperic and pedogenetic processes. However, industrial and population growth in Moatize has influenced the levels of heavy metals that impacting the quality of the soil. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize the degree of environmental compromise of soils by potentially toxic elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, Zn and Zr) already determined in the contents of the industrialization in Moatize district, Tete province, Mozambique. In this research 5 soil samples were collected in area 1(one of the miners working in the area), 12 were collected in area 2 (a second mining company in this region), 2 samples were collected with dust collection at house of inhabitants next to mining activity, 5 samples in areas with minimal anthropic activity to determine the natural levels of metals in the soil (area 3) and 2 samples of mineral coal designated UCS and LCS from the mining company Vale Mozambique. The chemical characterization of the samples was performed using X-Ray Fluorescence (FRX) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometers (ICP-OES). The results obtained by ICP-OES were compared to the levels of metals considered as natural background obtained in Moatize, the contents of the laws CONAMA (2009) and CETESB (2016). The results obtained by FRX indicate that the soils as well as the coal are constituted mainly by SiO2 and Al2O3. It is also possible to note a significant concentration in samples of mineral coal and SO3 soils. From the potentially toxic metals analyzed by FRX or Cr2O3, it presented relatively high values at all collection points and in the samples of coal for the compounds with CuO and ZnO. Ti, Mn, Ni, Ba, Pb, Zn, Co, Cr, V and Sr showed higher concentrations than the background contents found in Moatize soils mainly for 12 samples were collected in the vicinity of Minas Moatize Ltda. It is important to point out that the results presented point to changes in some chemical elements in the studied soils such as Ni, Ba, Co and Cr, when compared with the reference values established by CONAMA (2009) and CETESB (2016).

Sendo o solo, um recurso natural com multiplicidade de funções, torna-se urgente e necessário protegê-lo de todas as fontes de contaminação. A concentração e distribuição de metais na superfície dos solos são dependentes da natureza da rocha a partir da qual o solo foi derivado, dos processos intempéricos e pedogenéticos. Porém, o crescimento industrial e populacional em Moatize tem influenciado os teores de metais pesados nos solos, impactando a qualidade deste recurso. A presente Tese tem como principal objetivo caracterizar o grau de comprometimento ambiental dos solos por elementos potencialmente tóxicos (Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, Zn e Zr) já determinados no conteúdo dos carvões decorrentes da industrialização no distrito de Moatize, Província de Tete, Moçambique. Nessa pesquisa foram coletadas 5 pontos de amostras de solo na área 1 (uma das mineradoras que atuam na área), 12 pontos de amostras na área 2 (uma segunda mineradora nessa região), 2 pontos de amostras de poeira nas casa de habitantes próxima a atividade mineira, 5 pontos de amostras de solo em áreas com mínima atividade antrópica para determinar as concentrações naturais de metais no solo (área 3) e 2 amostras de carvão mineral designadas UCS e LCS, provenientes da mineradora Vale Moçambique. A caracterização química das amostras foi realizada através das técnicas de Fluorescência de Raio-X (FRX) e por Espectrômetro de Emissão Atômica com Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (ICP-OES). Os resultados de solos obtidos por ICP-OES foram comparados com os teores de metais considerados naturais \"background\" obtidos em Moatize e os teores das legislações CONAMA (2009) e CETESB (2016). Os resultados obtidos por FRX indicam que os solos assim como o carvão são constituídos majoritariamente por SiO2 e Al2O3. Pode-se notar ainda, uma concentração significativa nas amostras do carvão mineral e solos do SO3. Dos metais potencialmente tóxicos analisados por FRX, o Cr2O3 apresentou valores relativamente altos em todos os pontos de coleta de solo e nas amostras de carvão para os compostos com CuO e ZnO. Os elementos Ti, Mn, Ni, Ba, Pb, Zn, Co, Cr, V e Sr apresentaram concentrações superiores em relação aos teores de background encontrados nos solos em Moatize principalmente para os 12 pontos de amostras na área 2. Importa salientar ainda que os resultados apresentados apontam para alterações de alguns elementos químicos nos solos estudados como o Ni, Ba, Co e Cr, quando comparados com os valores de referência estabelecidos pelas legislações CONAMA (2009) e CETESB (2016). / Being the soil, a natural resource with multiplicity of functions, it becomes urgent and necessary to protect it from all sources of contamination. The concentration and distribution of metals in the soil surface are dependent on the nature of rock from which the soil was derived from, the intemperic and pedogenetic processes. However, industrial and population growth in Moatize has influenced the levels of heavy metals that impacting the quality of the soil. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize the degree of environmental compromise of soils by potentially toxic elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, Zn and Zr) already determined in the contents of the industrialization in Moatize district, Tete province, Mozambique. In this research 5 soil samples were collected in area 1(one of the miners working in the area), 12 were collected in area 2 (a second mining company in this region), 2 samples were collected with dust collection at house of inhabitants next to mining activity, 5 samples in areas with minimal anthropic activity to determine the natural levels of metals in the soil (area 3) and 2 samples of mineral coal designated UCS and LCS from the mining company Vale Mozambique. The chemical characterization of the samples was performed using X-Ray Fluorescence (FRX) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometers (ICP-OES). The results obtained by ICP-OES were compared to the levels of metals considered as natural background obtained in Moatize, the contents of the laws CONAMA (2009) and CETESB (2016). The results obtained by FRX indicate that the soils as well as the coal are constituted mainly by SiO2 and Al2O3. It is also possible to note a significant concentration in samples of mineral coal and SO3 soils. From the potentially toxic metals analyzed by FRX or Cr2O3, it presented relatively high values at all collection points and in the samples of coal for the compounds with CuO and ZnO. Ti, Mn, Ni, Ba, Pb, Zn, Co, Cr, V and Sr showed higher concentrations than the background contents found in Moatize soils mainly for 12 samples were collected in the vicinity of Minas Moatize Ltda. It is important to point out that the results presented point to changes in some chemical elements in the studied soils such as Ni, Ba, Co and Cr, when compared with the reference values established by CONAMA (2009) and CETESB (2016).

The aim of this essay is to examine how the swedish municipality of Botkyrka hasendeavoured to meet the legal obligations prescribed by the General Data ProtectionRegulation (GDPR) and what impact this legislation is expected to have on the informationmanagement-structures currently in use within the municipality itself. Research has beenperformed through a case study consisting of semi-structured interviews. The study showsthat several important measures has been taken in order to meet the demands set by theregulation, but that the absence of a conclusive swedish legislation on the matter is keepingthe municipality from knowing what exactly is expected of them.

El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de la implementación de medidas sanitarias en las exportaciones del grano de cacao hacia Países bajos, según el acuerdo comercial vigente entre Perú – Unión Europea, durante el periodo 2009 - 2019. Se resaltan aspectos como, la importancia del cumplimiento de los estándares establecidos por las instituciones autorizadas para la exportación de cacao. Dentro de los aspectos metodológicos el enfoque usado fue mixto, es decir cualitativo y cuantitativo. De acuerdo con el enfoque cualitativo, se seleccionaron para la muestra seis actores claves y para el enfoque cuantitativo, se trabajó con datos de exportación en toneladas, precio FOB, centrados en la Dummy variable; se elaboró un instrumento con cinco preguntas por variable; para el análisis de datos cualitativos se utilizó el programa Atlas Ti y para datos cuantitativos el Programa SPSS versión 25. Los resultados indican que el control de contaminantes y residuos tiene un efecto positivo en la calidad de los productos y el modelo es viable; asimismo se comprobó que la legislación internacional no afecta drásticamente la exportación del grano de cacao peruano; la protección a la salud humana de los contaminantes y residuos en la exportación del grano de cacao muestra la prevención en las constantes actualizaciones de los contenidos permitidos en los alimentos. Se concluye que, el efecto de la implementación de medidas sanitarias en las exportaciones del grano de cacao hacia Países bajos puede considerarse positivo, debido a los cambios positivos generados en el país productor. / The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the implementation of sanitary measures on exports of cocoa beans to the Netherlands, according to the current trade agreement between Peru - European Union, during the period 2009 - 2019. Aspects such as, the importance of compliance with the standards established by the institutions authorized for the export of cocoa. In the methodological aspects, the approach used was mixed, that is, qualitative and quantitative. According to the qualitative approach, six key players were selected for the sample and for the quantitative approach, we worked with export data in tons, FOB price, centered on the variable dummy; An instrument was developed with five questions per variable; The Atlas Ti program was used for the analysis of qualitative data and the SPSS version 25 program for quantitative data. The results indicate that the control of contaminants and residues has a positive effect on the quality of the products and the model is viable; In the other hand, it was found that international legislation does not drastically affect the export of Peruvian cocoa beans; The protection of human health from the contaminates and residues in the export of cocoa beans shows prevention in the constant updates of the contents allowed in food. It is concluded that the effect of the implementation of sanitary measures on cocoa bean exports to the Netherlands can be considered positive, for the positive changes generated in the producing country. / Tesis

This thesis reports a collective case study of the school educational experiences of five severely and profoundly deaf students who were enrolled in regular schools in rural areas of New South Wales. The students ranged in age from 6 to 18 years. Three issues were examined: (1) The impact of the philosophy of inclusive education and the question of why students with high degrees of deafness and high support needs were enrolled in regular schools in rural areas; (2) The specific linguistic an educational support needs of deaf students; and (3) The ability of the regular schools and teachers to cater for the educational needs of the deaf students in those settings. The case studies revealed that to considerably varying extents in different situations, the students were afforded inclusive educational opportunities. The extent of inclusiveness of students’ educational experiences was shown to vary according to a number of variables. The variables identified included: the type and quality of communication with the deaf student, teaching style, accessibility of content, particular lesson type, and the type and extent of curriculum adaptations employed. As a result of the analysis of the data from the five cases, a number of generalistions were possible. These generalisations were that (a) students with the ability to access spoken communication auditorily were more easily included than students using manual communication; (b) reduction of linguistic and academic input occurred as a response to student inability to access class programs because of reduced linguistic capabilities, resulting in the deaf students receiving different and reduced information to the hearing students; (c) communication between a deaf student and his or her class teacher needed to be direct for the most successful inclusion to occur; (d) teaching style needed to be interactive or experiential for successful language learning and literacy development to occur; (e) curriculum adaptations needed to involve provision of visual support for lesson material to be highly effective; (f) lessons/subjects easily supported by visual means, such as mathematics or practical subjects, when taught hierarchically, going from the known to unknown in achievable steps, meant teaching style could be either transmission or interactive, for lesson activities to be considered inclusive; (g) students with poor literacy skills were unable to successfully access an intact (i.e., unaltered and complete) high school curriculum; (h) the teaching style of the class teacher impacted on the support model possible for the itinerant teacher; (i) an interactive class teaching style allowed for cooperative teaching between class teacher and itinerant teacher who could then assist the class teacher with both the linguistic and academic needs of the deaf student; (j) a transmission style of teaching resulted in various levels of withdrawal for the deaf student unless the subject matter could be represented visually; (k) when curriculum content or expected outcomes were reduced, the deaf students did not have the same access to information as their hearing counterparts and consequently could not develop concepts or understandings in the same manner; and (l) language and literacy development were most facilitated when interactive teaching opportunities were established proactively for the deaf students rather than through the reduction of content as a response to their failure to successfully engage with the complete curriculum. The conclusions suggest an alternative support proposal for deaf students in rural environments. The model of support proposed involves the targeting of specific preschools and primary schools with the provision of teachers identified to teach collaboratively and interactively. Under the proposed model several students with impaired hearing would be located within the one school with the itinerant teacher position becoming a full-time appointment in that school. Such a model would enable coenrolment, co-teaching, co-programming, creative grouping, and the provision of demonstration opportunities and support for other teachers within the school and district that had deaf students enrolled. Finally, interactive teaching, based on a clearly defined theoretical model of language acquisition, development, and learning, is recommended for students with impaired hearing in such environments. It is argued that the support of linguistic development and academic learning could be facilitated concurrently, thus ensuring that by the time students had reached high school they would possess sufficient literacy skills to access a regular high school program successfully. / PhD Doctorate

El estudio de la intervención española en la ex - Yugoslavia se organiza a partir de dos temáticas centrales: el análisis de los mecanismos jurídicos e institucionales de las organizaciones internacionales y la experiencia vivida de los protagonistas de estas misiones de paz. Por lo tanto, la tesis se articula a tres bandas: historia jurídica, historia social del pensamiento y la experiencia vivida. Las fuentes originales aúnan declaraciones internacionales, testimonios personales, y análisis pormenorizado de los medios de comunicación social. / The study of the spanish intervention in the former Yugoslavian Republic is based in two main subjects: The analysis of legal and institucional mechanism of international organizations and the lived experience of the main figures of these peace missions. Therefore, the thesis is articulated in a trilateral way: Legal history, Social History of thought and the lived experience. The original sources join international declarations, personal evidence and the detailed analysis of the social media