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Die vorliegende Dissertation geht der Frage nach, welchen Einfluss kognitiv geprägte Persönlichkeitsmerkmale auf das gegenseitige Verständnis zwischen Gesprächspartnern haben. Intelligenz und Bewertungsdispositionen werden als Haupteffekte untersucht. Zudem wird dem Einfluss von dyadischen Persönlichkeitsunterschieden auf das zwischenmenschliche Verständnis sowie der Frage, ob sich Hochbegabte in ihrer sozialen Anpassung von einer Vergleichsgruppe von Universitätsabsolventen unterscheiden, nachgegangen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Personen einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Intelligenz ihrer Interaktionspartner und der Qualität der jeweiligen Beziehungen wahrnehmen. Dieser Effekt lässt sich jedoch (mit Ausnahme des Wortschatzes) nicht durch psychometrische Intelligenzmessungen bestätigen. Zweitens liefern die Ergebnisse der Studie keine belege für die Behauptung, dass zwischenmenschliche Persönlichkeitsunterschiede die Qualität der Kommunikation beeinträchtigen. Drittens stellt sich die Stichprobe von Hochbegabten als weniger sozial angepasst dar als die Stichprobe von Hochschulabsolventen. Es gibt jedoch Hinweise darauf, dass dies nicht durch ihre extrem hohe Intelligenz, sondern durch eine Stichprobenverzerrung hin zu Anpassungsproblemen verursacht wird. Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass das zwischenmenschliche Verständnis einen bedeutsamen Faktor für die Entwicklung enger Beziehungen darstellt. Allerdings legt der geringe Einfluss von Intelligenz und Bewertungsdispositionen auf die Qualität dyadischer Interaktionen den Schluss nahe, dass die meisten Menschen die Anforderungen zwischenmenschlicher Interaktionen auch meistern können, ohne über eine hohe Intelligenz zu verfügen. Darüber hinaus scheint es den meisten Gesprächspartnern zu gelingen, einander trotz dyadischer Unterschiede in ihrer Persönlichkeit zu verstehen. / The current dissertation investigated the role of cognitive personality traits on the mutual understanding between interaction partners. For this purpose, main effects of intelligence and dispositional valuations were studied. In addition, it was asked whether within-dyad personality differences affect mutual understanding and whether gifted individuals differ from a comparison group of university students in their level of social adjustment. Results indicated that individuals perceive a relation between the intelligence level of their interaction partners and the quality of their social relationships. However, such an effect could not be replicated with psychometric intelligence measures (with the exception of vocabulary). Second, the results of the current study did not support the contention that dyadic personality differences constrain communication quality. Third, it could be shown that the sample of gifted individuals was less well adjusted than the sample of university alumni. However, several indications were found that this was not due to their extremely high intelligence but to an oversampling of gifted individuals with adjustment problems. Together, the results showed that mutual understanding is an important factor in the development of close relationships. However, the limited impact of intelligence and dispositional valuations on the quality of dyadic interactions suggests that most people are able to cope with the demands of interpersonal interactions without having a high intelligence level. In addition, most conversation partners seem able to understand each other in spite of within-dyad personality differences.

In an attempt to shed light on the further sophistication of opinion leadership in online communities, this study examined the forces and structures that affect their formation in the League of Legends subreddit. By investigating what users thought about the various types of individuals with which the communicate, the researcher hoped to begin to understand and record how those forces work bother on this particular subreddit and in mass media beyond. Opinion leadership continues to be an integral force in deciding what information is consumed by a public and under what frames and agendas it is contextualized. If researchers can operationalize formal definitions for the influences and structures that occur online, they can better navigate the deep waters that are global communication on the internet.

Current practice in language teaching based on communicative approaches emphasizes the development of language skills. Opportunities are created for students to develop their language skills through social interaction based on pair and group work. Such interaction requires the use of interpersonal skills. If students do not feel confident about their interpersonal skills, they may be reluctant to take part in communicative activities, which require social interaction. Interpersonal skills are also important if students are to use their language skills in real life situations effectively and confidently. Gender and cultural differences related to interpersonal communication may have an impact on how successful students learn a foreign language. The study explores student confidence in interpersonal skills, the role that gender may play in interpersonal relationships, and also in fostering cultural activities that are aimed at the development of interpersonal communication. Such relationships have potential implications on the teaching of a foreign language in the classroom situation. This research was conducted at a Japanese university where the researcher is a lecturer and had full access to all the resources he needed. The same research was also conducted at Chinese, Russian, and Ghanaian universities, as well as at an international school in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using questionnaires. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the problem, and to probe the issues involved more extensively. Quantitative data was collected by means of a questionnaire that consisted of multiple-choice questions. Qualitative data was gathered by means of open-ended questions. Questionnaire results were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The research findings indicate that some students may lack confidence in social situations where the use of interpersonal skills is neglected. This research also found that females may be more comfortable and adept in interpersonal exchanges owing to some biological and cultural reasons. Findings also indicate that cultural differences that impact on interpersonal communication situations did not entirely support the findings from the literature review, particularly concerning the use of nonverbal communication by Japanese students. Recommendations based on research findings, are given concerning the development of interpersonal skills. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Didactics and Curriculum Studies)