Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo das práticas de leituras de jovens inscritos em comunidades de leitores do livro O Senhor dos Anéis, do autor inglês John Ronald Reuel Tolkien. Busca compreender os significados assumidos por estas práticas, compreendidas como experiências inscritas numa rede de práticas culturais e sociais que lhes dão sentido. Leituras intensivas, extensivas, solitárias, socializadas, construção de sites, escritas de textos, publicação de livros, divulgação das escritas pela internet, jogos de RPG, e uma série de outras práticas fazem parte das vivências culturais, de lazer e sociabilidades, de jovens leitores d’O Senhor dos Anéis. Inscritos nas culturas juvenis de seu tempo, esses jovens participam de redes grupais onde afirmam suas identidades, condição essa que se refere a uma escolha e a modos de vida, muito mais que a uma condição biológica. Para a realização da pesquisa foram entrevistados quinze jovens de idades entre dezenove e vinte e nove anos, participantes de comunidades de leitores d’O Senhor dos Anéis, buscando compreender suas trajetórias e práticas de leitura, investigar o modo como conheceram as obras de Tolkien e o que os levou até elas, perscrutar as produções culturais que advém dessas práticas e as sociabilidades produzidas.As entrevistas individuais constituíram o corpus empírico da investigação, acrescido de pesquisas na internet, diário de campo, documentos virtuais e iconográficos da órbita dessas comunidades. O estudo apóia-se nos referenciais teóricos apresentados por Roger Chartier, especialmente para as questões relativas às práticas de leitura e escrita de comunidades de leitores. Relativamente às juventudes e às culturas juvenis, autores como Alberto Melucci José Machado Pais e Paulo César Rodrigues Carrano foram fundamentais. No entrecruzamento dos autores citados, com as reflexões pessoais e com todo material recolhido, foi possível perceber as construções realizadas pelos jovens leitores d’O Senhor dos Anéis. Construções de saberes, de práticas culturais para além da simples leitura e/ou escrita. Nos tempos de lazer, em que os jovens compartilham suas experiências de ou a partir das leituras, eles produzem culturas juvenis. Constroem sites para melhor socializar suas práticas e divulgar seus gostos literários e suas próprias produções. Escrevem livros baseados nas suas leituras e palestram sobre eles levando-os a outros leitores quecompartilham dos mesmos gostos, dos mesmos códigos e das mesmas estratégias de interpretação do livro que os une em redes grupais e em comunidades de leitores. / Intensive, extensive, solitary, socialized readings; sites construction; written of texts; publication of books; popularization of the writings through internet, RPG games and a series of other practices are part of the existence cultural, of leisure and sociabilities by the youth readers of The Lord of the Rings. Enrolled in the youthful cultures of their times, this youths are inserted into group nets where they affirm their identities, condition that refers to a choice and way of life much more than a biological condition. To the accomplishment of the research it were interviewed fifteen youths of ages between nineteen and twenty-nine years, participants of readers' communities to The Lord of the Rings, searching to understand its trajectories and practices of reading, to investigate the way as they had known the works of Tolkien and what took them until them, to analyze the cultural productions that comes of these practicals and the sociabilities produced. The individual interviews constituted the empiric corpus of the investigation, increased of researches in internet, journal, virtual and iconography documents of those communities' orbit. The study is supported by the theoretical references introduced by Roger Chartier, especially for the subjects about the reading and writing practices to the interpretative communities. Relatively to the youths and the youthful cultures, authors as Alberto Melucci José Machado Pais and Paulo César Rodrigues Carrano were fundamental. In the crossing to the authors’ mentioned, with the personal reflections and with every picked up material, it was possible to notice the constructions accomplished by the youths readers of The Lord of the Rings. Knowledge and cultural practices constructions, for besides the simple reading and written. In times of leisure, that the youths share your experiences of or since their readings, they produce youthful cultures. They build sites for socialize better your practices and to publish your literary tastes and your own productions.They write books based on your readings and lectured on them taking them to other readers that share the same tastes, the same codes and the same strategies of interpretation to the book that associated them in nets groups and in interpretative communities.

Lendas Capixabas (2000) para violão solo, do compositor brasileiro Carlos Cruz (1936-2011), é constituída por três movimentos que representam lendas do estado do Espírito Santo: Juparanã, O Frade e a Freira e Itabira. Esta obra apresenta, por vezes, uma escrita não idiomática para o instrumento, dado que Cruz não tocava violão. Com vistas à resolução dessas passagens e das inconsistências presentes na única edição da obra, objetivamos a elaboração de uma edição críticointerpretativa de Lendas Capixabas, o que se deu a partir da comparação entre fontes, da resolução das passagens não idiomáticas e da proposição de digitações. Para tal, identificamos os manuscritos dessa obra no acervo de partituras do compositor, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre edições musicais, entrevistamos os intérpretes da obra e coletamos proposições de outros violonistas em alguns excertos da obra. Como resultado, elaboramos uma edição críticointerpretativa embasada por todos os parâmetros supracitados. / Lendas Capixabas (2000) for solo guitar, by Brazilian composer Carlos Cruz (1936-2011), consists of three movements that represent legends from the state of Espírito Santo: Juparanã, O Frade e a Freira and Itabira. This work presents sometimes a non-idiomatic writing for the instrument, since Cruz did not play the guitar. In order to solve these passages and the inconsistencies of the only edition of this work, we aimed the development of a critical-interpretative edition of Lendas Capixabas, from the comparison between sources, the resolution of non-idiomatic passages and the fingering proposition. Moreover, to do this, we have identified the manuscripts in the composer's scores collection, conducted a bibliographical research on musical editions, interviewed performers who have performed the work, and collected other guitarists’ proposals in some excerpts of the work. As a result, we developed a critical-interpretative edition grounded on all the aforementioned parameters.

O presente trabalho fornece ferramentas técnico-interpretativas para a construção de uma performance da suíte Imágenes para violão do compositor argentino Carlos Aguirre. Através de uma análise estrutural das obras que compõem essa suíte e sua relação com os gêneros da música popular em que se baseiam, assim como dados biográficos e estilísticos do compositor e suas obras para violão, apresentamos material para uma maior compreensão das peças. Na segunda parte do trabalho, expomos sugestões de digitação de mão direita e mão esquerda como alternativas às indicadas na edição. Versões gravadas pelo compositor com outros instrumentos de duas peças dessa suíte foram analisadas como fonte para ideias interpretativas no violão. Para a resolução das dificuldades técnicas presentes em Imágenes, propõem-se exercícios embasados principalmente no conceito de versão zero de Fernández (2000). / This work offers interpretative and technical tools for the construction of a performance of the suite Imágenes for guitar, by the Argentinian composer Carlos Aguirre. Through a structural analysis of the pieces that form the suite and its relation with other genders of folk music on which they are based, as well as biographic and stylistic information of the composer and his works for guitar, we present relevant material for a better comprehension of these pieces. In the second section of this work, we present fingering suggestions for both hands as alternatives to those indicated in the original edition. Versions recorded by the composer with other instruments of two pieces of the suite were analyzed as sources for interpretative ideas for the guitar. To resolve technical difficulties in Imágenes, we propose exercises, mainly based on Fernández’ (2000) concept of version zero.

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a utilização da prática reflexiva na construção interpretativa da obra “Pattapiana” para flauta e orquestra de cordas do compositor brasileiro Dimitri Cervo. Para Finlay (2008) prática reflexiva é o processo de aprender através e a partir da experiência em direção a obter novos insights de si e/ou da prática. Finlay (2008) ainda cita o ciclo reflexivo de Gibbs (1998), que propõe etapas para a condução da prática reflexiva, o qual foi utilizado na primeira fase de estudo sobre a obra. A metodologia ocorreu em diferentes etapas: estudo individual em 8 seções; ensaios com o compositor ao piano; ensaios com quinteto de cordas; performance pública da obra. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em áudio e vídeo e anotações em diários de estudo. Após esta etapa, os registros em áudio e vídeo foram submetidos em ordem aleatória a três avaliadores externos – dois flautistas e o compositor da obra, todos professores de Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior do Brasil – para que estes classificassem em ordem crescente as seções de estudo individual, seguidas de entrevistas semiestruturadas sobre as avaliações realizadas. Os dados obtidos através da análise dos registros e das entrevistas realizadas com os avaliadores foram cruzados com os registros dos diários de estudo individual. Posteriormente, foram realizados ensaios com o compositor ao piano, executando uma redução da obra e ensaio com um quinteto de cordas realizando as partes originais da orquestra. O processo culminou na performance da obra em meu segundo recital avaliativo de mestrado em práticas interpretativas pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. A comparação entre os registros dos avaliadores externos e registro individual demonstrou que a utilização da prática reflexiva de forma documentada foi uma ferramenta útil na construção interpretativa da obra e ocasionou um crescimento qualitativo no processo como um todo. / The present research aims to investigate the use of reflexive practice in the interpretative construction of the work "Pattapiana" for flute and string orchestra by Brazilian composer Dimitri Cervo. For Finlay (2008) reflexive practice is the process of learning through and from experience towards new insights of self and / or practice. Finlay (2008) also cites the reflective cycle of Gibbs (1998), which proposes steps for the conduct of reflective practice, which was used in the first stage of study on the piece. The methodology took place in different stages: individual study in 8 sections with audio and video recordings and annotations in study diaries; rehearsals with the composer at the piano, documented in study diaries; rehearsals with string quintet, documented in study diaries; performance of the piece, documented in audio and video records. After the data collection, the audio and video recordings were randomly submitted to three external evaluators - two flutists and the composer of the work, all of them professors of Federal Institutes of Higher Education of Brazil - in order to classify in ascending order the sections of individual study, followed by semi-structured interviews on the evaluations. The data obtained through the analysis of the records and the interviews with the evaluators were crossed with the records of the individual study diaries. Subsequently, rehearsals were performed with the composer on the piano, playing a reduction written on our request and rehearsing with a quintet of strings performing the original orchestral parts. The process culminated in the performance of the work in my recital of the conclusion of the master's degree in interpretive practices by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The comparison between the external evaluators records and the individual record showed that the use of the reflexive practice in a documented way was a useful tool in the interpretative construction of the work and caused a qualitative growth in the process as a whole.

Common discourse concerning the educational trajectories of African American males consists of dismal future outcomes due to defective schooling experiences in kindergarten through twelfth grades. There has been a disregard of counter narratives of high academic achievement and overall school success coupled with a highlighting of failure through deficit-based research practices. Consequently, African American males are positioned as delayed or troubled, which serves to perpetuate educational inequity. This study attempts to increase the scarcity of literature by giving voice to the experiences of high achievement among African American adolescent males attending a school designed to support the achievement of impoverished youth of color. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to investigate the lifeworlds of nine African American males in seventh and eighth grade at a private, college preparatory middle school in southwestern Florida. Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted regarding their experiences of academic success. The results indicate that these young men developed positive scholar identities through a process that included the cultivation of academic achievement, sacrificing to succeed, trailblazing, striving for the good life, and planning for success while simultaneously rejecting deficit-based and peril portrayals of Black males. Practical implications for school psychologists, educators, and parents are discussed.

This work endorses the need for environmental interpretation and education because of the threat to the natural environment as a result of the lack of understanding and knowledge of environmental issues. The writer's personal perspective on the environment is described. There is a strong advocacy for the use of the fine arts in interpretative programmes as a way of reaching audiences, and particularly those individuals who learn through an abstract/symbolic modality. The use of drama is explored as one of the fine arts media through which all visitors to natural sites can gain information , experience personal growth, and develop an understanding of their relationship to the natural world. A study was conducted in which a questionnaire, which posed 36 questions related to common practices and experiences, and the use of drama as a medium in environmental interpretation and education, was used in interviewing representatives of 18 organisations, 9 in Canada and 9 in Australia, involved in environmental education. The responses to the questionnaire are summarised and discussed. Of those interviewed, most of the Australian and Canadian respondents were aware of the need to use a variety of techniques when developing programmes, had used drama in their programmes, had all attended programmes where drama was used as the interpretative medium, and were positive about their experiences. More than two thirds of the respondents from Australia and Canada indicated that drama should be given a high priority in environmental interpretation and education in the future. Information on two children's eco-drama programmes and two workshops for adults on the use of drama in environmental interpretation and education is also included.

Denna avhandling handlar om hur rekryteringspro­cesser går till. Den handlar särskilt om rekryteringsprocesser där bedömning och beslutsfattande sker i grupper som består av rekryte­rare, linjechefer och blivande kollegor.   Hur hanterar dessa bedömare den mångtydiga situation som en rekrytering innebär? Hur går det till när de diskuterar kandidater och kommer överens om vem som skall rekryteras? Hur fastställer de tillsammans om en kandidat är en ”klockren stjärna” eller ett ”stolpskott”, en socialt kompetent person eller en ensamvarg, en specialist eller en generalist? Vilken roll spelar rekryteringsverktygen i detta arbete? Blir bedömningen mindre rättvis om den sker under en informell diskussion mellan erfarna kollegor än om bedömarna endast tar hänsyn till objektiva fakta?   Dessa är några av de frågor som diskuteras i denna avhandling. Den bygger på studier som omfattar intervjuer med rekryterare och observationer av beslutsmöten där olika bedömare samlas för att diskutera kandidater som sökt arbete och besluta huruvida dessa skall erbjudas anställning. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögsk., 2002

In this thesis, I explored the relationship between patient experience of wait time for consultation and scheduled surgery, type of illness (orthopaedic or cardiac), and descriptions of time using qualitative methodology. Thirty two patients awaiting orthopaedic or cardiac surgery were recruited by surgeons in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan during the period of September 2009 to November 2010. Those patients awaiting orthopaedic surgery were interviewed when the decision to treat was made and again at the midpoint of their waiting period. Cardiac surgery patients were interviewed after their angiography and consent to surgery, and again the day prior to surgery. Patients were asked about their perceptions of time while waiting, maximum acceptable wait time for consultation and surgery, and the effects of waiting. Interpretative phenomenology (1) was the method and data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.Participant suffering, the meaningfulness given to the experience, and the agency participants felt they had over the waiting period determined the lived duration of time experience. Participants considered pain, mobility restriction, disease progression and lethality of condition to be the primary determinants of wait time maximums. Waiting effects included restriction, uncertainty, resignation, coping with waiting, and opportunity. Few subtle differences between groups emerged indicating other variables may be more relevant to the quality of waiting experience. Participant suggestions for improving experience consisted of managing patient conditions and navigating the system. The findings suggest uncertainty in illness impacts the quality of wait time experience. The study denotes the experience of waiting for scheduled surgery is complex and not necessarily a linear relationship between greater symptom severity and less tolerance for wait time.

Die vorliegende Forschungsarbeit untersucht die Rolle der mit Armut befassten AkteurInnen in der EZA im Bildungssektor in Bolivien. Ausgangspunkt waren die fehlenden Effekte von Armutsbekämpfungsinitiativen auf die Armutsrealitäten der bolivianischen Bevölkerung. Dieses Unbehagen führte zur riskanten Vermutung, dass die verschiedenen AkteurInnen in der EZA durch ihre Tätigkeit zur Aufrechterhaltung von Armut beitragen können. Zur Überprüfung dieser These diente die Charakterisierung einer Gemeinschaft der mit Armut Befassten als Hilfskonstrukt, welches die verschiedenen Typen von AkteurInnen in diesem sozialen Feld auf verschiedenen räumlichen Ebenen in einem Akteursmodell zusammenfasst und deren Wechselwirkungen zu erklären versucht. Eingebettet in die politökonomische Wirklichkeit Boliviens versucht die empirische Studie anhand der Analyse offener, semistrukturierter Interviews und relevanter Texte aus dem Bildungssektor konkrete Hinweise auf armutserhaltende Effekte dieser Gemeinschaft der mit Armut Befassten zu liefern. Diese Gemeinschaft ist ein offenes, hybrides System, das mit der globalen, sozialliberalen Strukturpolitik verflochten ist, Partizipation und internationale Rahmenprogramme und Leitlinien im Bildungssektor fördert, jedoch durch die allgemeine Sprache und Distanz die von Armut betroffenen Menschen häufig nicht direkt beeinflusst. Diese und andere Feststellungen lassen Zweifel daran aufkommen, ob Armut als globales Phänomen mehr als nur machtpolitischen Zwecken dient. Dazu zählen die überwiegende Beschäftigung mit Koordinations- und Harmonisierungsaufgaben in dieser komplexen Gemeinschaft, der interne Wettbewerb unter seinen AkteurInnen, die fehlende Analyse von konkreten Armutsursachen, ein ökonomisierter Bildungssektor und ein geschwächter Nationalstaat in Bolivien. Es wird abschließend darauf verweisen, wie die Erforschung entwicklungspolitischer Maßnahmen im Kontext globaler, wirtschaftlicher Strukturzwänge konkret weitergeführt werden könnte. (Autorenref.)

This thesis comprises three main sections: a literature review, research report and a critical appraisal of the research process. The literature review is generic across a number of health professions and begins by placing supervision within its historical context followed by an attempt to clarify our current understanding of supervision. The literature relating to effective supervision is presented, with the supervisory working alliance being identified as potentially one of the most important common factors in the change process of supervision (Ellis, 1991). A review of supervision models suggests that they provide a structure for understanding the roles, relationships, responsibilities and processes integral to the practice of supervision. The review attempts to clarify the current state of supervision training, highlighting the lack of attention that has been paid to the process by which individuals learn to become effective supervisees and supervisors. It is concluded that there is a need for further research in the area of training for both supervisees and supervisors. The research report comprises a qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the supervision experiences of six Chartered Counselling Psychologists. The thematic content that emerged indicated a lack of preparation for the role of supervisee and a lack of formal training for the supervisory role. The findings revealed that the participants relied upon self-directed learning, their previous experience and their therapeutic skills to inform their supervisory practice. The findings also highlighted the critical role of the supervisory relationship for both supervisee and supervisor in managing the anxieties generated by this lack of preparation and training as well as in supporting the learning and development of all involved in the relationship. The final section is the researcher’s critical appraisal of the research process.