MA (Youth in Development) / Institute for Gender and Youth Studies / Conflicts in intimate relationships causes enormous problems for the well-being of individuals. Young people are particularly vulnerable as they may make bad choices or decisions that may breed conflict in their relationships. This may have far-reaching implications on their well-being. Such conflicts may lead to stress, isolation, violence and suicide among other things. The rate of conflict in intimate relationships has greatly increased among youths. The aim of this study was to explore the contributory factors to conflict in intimate relationships among students at the University of Venda. This study used a qualitative research approach and was exploratory in nature. The study was conducted at the University of Venda, Thohoyandou in Limpopo province, South Africa. The population of the study comprised of University of Venda’s students. Non-probability purposive technique was used for the selection of the study sample. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The interview guide was pre-tested in a pilot study involving the research participants to identify errors in the research questions and to ensure that the data collected would be relevant and as precise as possible. Findings from this study revealed how conflicts are bred in intimate relationships and the ways in which students react and deal with the conflict in intimate relationships. The research recommended that there should be laws enforced to protect the people in intimate relationships.

The internet has been proved to be a main media to develop interpersonal relationship, especially for adolescents. Moreover, in terms of three characteristics of internet, which are anonymity, accessibility, and affordability, internet makes sexual friendship popular in the present society. Although this kind of sexual relationship generates many social problems reported by the print media . The thesis bases on the interpersonal relationship theory on the internet; and further, it investigates the development of the intimate relationship among them. The purpose is to realize whether they are different from general internet friend-making clubs in demographic characteristics, motives, self-exposure, and requirement standards. This research uses purposive sampling approach to select objects from BBS, and analyzes 754 messages by content analysis. The results are as following: 1. Demographic characteristics: (1) Males are more than females, but the latter have more power to choose the former. (2) Regional adjacency is also a key requirement. (3) Like realistic situation, appearance, figure, and educational background are main external conditions. 2. Motives: Sexual passion is the main motive, and pressure-releasing and time-killing is in the next place. 3. Self-exposure: The average self-exposure lines of males are 7.55, and females are 10.3. Generally, they use specific demographic data to describe themselves instead of profound profile. Otherwise, there are almost positive and neutral terms to establish self-image. 4. Requirement standards: As same as realistic world, most of them have stereo-type on appearance. They decide whether to have relationship with others or not after seeing each other, and the feeling is also important to them. In short, internet sexual friendship group doesn¡¦t differentiate from general friend-making one, and they are consistent in the requirements of partners. But the main purpose of internet sexual friendship group is having sexual relationship. They just remove the appointment place from realistic world to virtual space.

Although honesty is valued in intimate relationships, there has not been significant research on the range and different types of honesty and deception and their impacts on couples. The purpose of this study was to explore and define the role honesty plays in intimate relationships by examining the spectrum of honest and deceptive behaviors as described by participants. The study utilized qualitative methods to examine how romantic partners describe various types of honesty and deception in their relationships and the influence these have. The data was taken from part of a larger project on healthy and unhealthy relationships where semi-structured interviews were conducted from a diverse sample recruited through convenience and theoretical sampling. Constructivist grounded theory methods were used to code, generate, and refine prominent categories from the data. A model was created to describe and display the different motivations and types of honesty and deception. A better understanding of the role honesty plays in a healthy relationship can equip clinicians to recognize deception and help couples strengthen trust and connection. Understanding how honesty and deception are experienced in relationships can also help couples be more aware of how their actions and their partner's actions impact their relationship. Clinical implications from the study include suggestions for systemic therapists to assess for and explore honesty and deception in the motivations, types, and behaviors within intimate relationships. These can be applied in therapy to fortify trust and strengthen couples.

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本論文的研究目的是探討單身老年女性在其喪偶或離婚之後發展的親密關係，希望藉由單身老年女性的自身經驗，來理解她們對親密關係的詮釋，以及她們在親密關係中的感受，從「本質」、「發展」及「影響因素」來了解單身老年女性親密關係的生命經驗。 本研究使用質性取向的研究方法，以半結構式的深度訪談進行資料蒐集，計8名有效樣本，年齡介於62到87歲之間，5名居住在台北市，3名分別居住在桃園縣、台中市及苗栗縣，主要研究結果如下： 一、從受訪者對親密關係的成分、表達形式、以及感受等三部分可知單身老年女性親密關係的本質：（1）「關懷」、「共同性」及「欣賞」為單身老年女性親密關係的主要成分。（2）「一個人孤單」及「兩個人有伴」是單身老年女性重新作伴的原因；親密關係的表達形式可分為日常生活的內容及具愛情或性意涵的言語及行為。（3）「談戀愛的浪漫」、「過日子的平凡實在」及「交朋友的恩深義重」則是單身老年女性在親密關係中三種主要感受。 二、從受訪者與男友交往過程中親密關係的緣起（從獨立到結合）、發展脈絡（從結合中求獨立）、延續（從獨立中找到契合）來探討單身老年女性親密關係的發展可知：（1）「旁人促成」及「機緣巧合」是單身老年女性親密關係緣起之因。（2）「自主」及「自由」是單身老年女性親密關係發展脈絡的依循路線，可藉由設立界線以調和親密及獨立的兩難困境。（3）「對方值得」及「自己想開」是單身老年女性親密關係延續的基礎，前者即是親密關係成分中持續付出關懷的動力；後者即是老年時期中懂得活在當下的智慧。 三、從受訪者對自身親密關係的詮釋可知單身老年女性親密關係發展的影響因素有5：（1）「雙方的條件」透過共同性及自主性對單身老年女性的親密關係發展造成影響。（2）「前段婚姻的陰影」對親密關係的影響不一定導致她們不願再次擁有親密關係，而是讓她們認知到自己要如何為這樣的產物做好準備，找出新的親密關係定位。（3）「子女的態度」會影響關係如何而非影響關係有無，最終決定權還是在單身老年女性的手上。（4）「信仰的力量」是在親密關係不順遂時可影響她們的認知，使其能夠轉換念頭，改變看待關係的心態，故讓親密關係得以延續。（5）「社會的觀感」對單身老年女性的親密關係有既定框架，她們認知到框架，並且有勇氣及韌性獲得自身詮釋權以安然於親密關係中。 / The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of single elderly women’s intimate relationships after they became widows or got divorced. By exploring their self-experience, we can understand the way they interpret their intimate relationships and their feelings within these relationships. In this study, we view things from three dimensions —“the nature, the development, and the factor”—to inspect their life experience in these intimate relationships. The methodology applied in this study was based on quantitative method, and data were collected by semi-structured in-depth interviews. Total 8 valid samples aged between 62 to 87 years old were gathered, among which there are 5 living in Taipei as well as 3 in Taoyuan, Taichung, and Miaoli separately. Research results show as below: 1.Interviewers’ points of view on element, expression, and perception of their intimate relationship showed the nature of single elderly women’s intimate relationship: (1) “Careness, commonality, and appreciation” are the major elements that compose single elderly women’s intimate relationship. (2) “Being alone and lonely” as well as “being coupled and accompanied” are two reasons that why single elderly women would like to have a company again. Moreover, the ways to express their intimate relationships can be divided into actions of daily life and speech or behavior that imply love and sex. (3) “The romance of falling in love” and “the reality of getting on a life” as well as “the gratitude and loyalty of being friends” consist of the main sensation in single elderly women’s intimate relationship. 2.The process of interviewers’ relationships with their boyfriends, such as how it started, in what context it developed, and why to continue, showed that: (1) “Being motivated by others” and “the right opportunity” are the reasons to start the relationships. (2) “Autonomy” and “liberty” are the paths these relationships follow, according to which the boundaries can be placed so that the dilemma of being intimate or being independent can be coordinated. (3) “They worth it” and “looking on the bright side” are the basis to keep the relationship going; the former is the motivation to care and the latter is the wisdom to live in the present in their late in life. 3.Interviewers’ interpretations of self-experience in these relationships revealed that there are 5 factors that affect the development of those relationships: (1) “Conditions of both sides” affect these relationships through commonality and autonomy. (2) “Bad memory from previous marriage” does not necessarily make them not willing to have a relationship again, rather it causes them realize what preparation should they make for it and find out new definition of intimate relationship. (3) “The attitude of children” may affect how the relationship will be but can not decide whether the relationship will continue; the final call is held in the elderly women’s hands. (4) “The power of belief” can influence their recognition during their hard times and make them change their point of views on these relationships so as to keep these relationships on. (5) “The standpoint of the public” set single elderly women in certain conventional frames. Although these women recognize these frames, they have courage and toughness to gain self-interpretation to feel free from worry in these relationships.

The thesis investigates the relation between interparental verbal aggression, parent-daughter verbal aggression, and verbal aggression in female Hispanic college student’s dating relationships (N= 599). This study builds on previous work that has been conducted to provide evidence of the influence of parental verbal conflict strategies on college women’s own experiences with and use of verbal aggression (Black, Sussman, & Unger, 2010; Luthra & Gidycz, 2006; Martin, 1990; Palazzolo, Roberto, & Babin, 2010; Riggs & O’Leary, 1996). However, this is the first study that has specifically examined this phenomenon within a Hispanic population. Results showed that mothers’ high levels of verbal conflict with fathers were predictive of having high levels of verbal conflicts with their daughters. This in turn, predicted daughters’ use of verbal conflict with their intimate partner. Similarly, fathers’ high levels of verbal conflict with mothers were predictive of having high levels of verbal conflicts with their daughters. However, this was not found to be predictive of daughters’ use of verbal conflict with their intimate partner.

Sammanfattning Titel: ’’Det är ju ett våldsamt liv, att vara missbrukare’’- Socialsekreterares syn på ASI- intervjuns användbarhet beträffande våld i nära relationer  Författare: Isabell Eklöf och Mimmi Wallin Nilsson  Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare inom alkohol-och drogmissbruksområdet uppfattar ASI-intervjuns användbarhet att identifiera våld i nära relation samt stödja våldsutsatta och våldsutövare. Data samlades in genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare inom alkohol- och drogmissbrukområdet med erfarenhet av ASI i Sverige. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av tidigare forskning och begreppen handlingsutrymme samt relationskompetens, yrkeskompetens och handlingskompetens. Resultatet visar att ASI-intervjun är ett bra verktyg för att screena våld i nära relation men inte för att stödja våldsutövare och våldsutsatta. Flertalet faktorer påverkar ASI-intervjuns användbarhet; bland annat klienternas komplexa problematik, relationen mellan socialsekreterare och klient, samt socialsekreterarens intresse att ställa följdfrågor. Troligtvis hade ASI-intervjun varit mer användbar om frågornas utformning justerats. En slutsats är att det är upp till den enskilde socialsekreteraren och dess handlingsutrymme hur användbar ASI-intervjun är. / Abstract Title: ”It is a violent life to be an addict” - Social workers' views on the usefulness of the  ASI interview regarding violence in intimate relationships.  Authors: Isabell Eklöf and Mimmi Wallin Nilsson  The purpose of the study was to investigate how social workers in the alcohol and drug abuse field perceive the ASI interview’s usefulness to identify violence in intimate relationships and support victims and perpetrators. Data were collected through five semi- structured interviews with social workers in the alcohol and drug abuse field with experience of ASI in Sweden. The result was analyzed with previous research, the concept room for maneuver, relational competence, professional competence and action competence. The results showed that ASI is useful for screening violence in intimate relationships, but not for supporting perpetrators and victims. The social workers' interest in asking follow-up questions, clients' complex problems and the relationship between social worker and client are examples of what affects the ASI' usefulness. ASI could be more useful if the questions were adjusted. One conclusion is that the individual social worker and their room for maneuver determines the ASI’s usefulness.

In my diploma thesis I expressed the importance of sexuality for every human bein . Sexual health is part of general health conditions and is a necessary condition of a quality life. Every human has the guaranteed right to enjoy sexuality freely, on condition that no one is constrained. Sexual rights are guaranteed by Bill of Rights, international agreements and also by documents issued by Czech government. I have theoretically described the goals, basic assumptions and educational topics in the area of sexuality of people with mental disabilities. For practical reasons I have included the illustrative tools/techniques for social work with sexuality. I have described the personality of an expert, who is occupied with the sexuality of mentally disabled and ethical rules, to which he/she is obliged to follow. I have tried to compare Czech and foreign scholar literature. I have described the methods of working with sexuality in a concrete Sheltered Housing. As a research method I used the analysis of internal documents, especially Sexual report and recorded interviews. When describing social work with sexuality I have relied mainly on my own experiences. In my diploma thesis I have used my experience primarily for description of individual case study; I mentioned two most complicated examples of cooperation...

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