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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

Development and use of introgression populations for the detection of QTL related to important agronomic traits in eggplant

Mangino, Giulio 28 October 2022 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [ES] La berenjena (Solanum melongena L.) es uno de los cultivos comerciales de hortalizas solanáceas más importantes que se cultiva ampliamente en Asia y la región del Mediterráneo. A pesar de su importancia económica, la disponibilidad de poblaciones experimentales y herramientas genómicas para el mejoramiento es aún muy limitada en comparación con otros cultivos importantes. Debido a la alteración progresiva del ecosistema global por el cambio climático, las plantas están constantemente expuestas a condiciones ambientales estresantes que impactan negativamente en su productividad. El cuello de botella genético ocurrido durante la domesticación de la berenjena, que limita la disponibilidad de recursos genéticos para su mejoramiento genético, hace que este cultivo sea extremadamente vulnerable al cambio climático, por lo que se requieren nuevas estrategias para reducir su erosión genética. En este contexto, los parientes silvestres de los cultivos (CWRs) han demostrado ser un recurso genético válido para la mejora vegetal, ya que su uso permite ampliar la diversidad genética de los cultivos y, en paralelo, desarrollar variedades mejoradas adaptadas al cambio climático. Para lograr este objetivo, en esta tesis doctoral informamos sobre el desarrollo y la evaluación de materiales avanzados de berenjena obtenidos mediante el uso de parientes silvestres. En el primer capítulo, realizamos una evaluación fenotípica en dos ambientes de un conjunto de 16 ILs de berenjena con introgresión de S. incanum, un pariente silvestre. Se evaluaron diecisiete caracteres agronómicos para comparar el rendimiento de las ILs con el parental recurrente e identificar QTLs para los caracteres investigados. Encontramos diferencias morfológicas significativas entre los parentales, y el híbrido resultó heterótico para los caracteres de vigor. A pesar de que la interacción entre genotipo y ambiente (G x E) resultó significativa para la mayoría de los caracteres, en general las ILs mostraron pocas diferencias fenotípicas con el progenitor receptor, incluso en presencia de grandes fragmentos de introgresión del progenitor silvestre. Se encontraron valores de heredabilidad bajos a moderados para los caracteres agronómicos. En total, detectamos diez QTLs estables, dos de los cuales estaban relacionados con caracteres de planta y cuatro para caracteres de flor y fruto. En general, las introgresiones de S. incanum mejoraron los valores medios de la mayoría de los caracteres de planta y flor, y disminuyeron el de los caracteres de fruto. Para tres QTLs relacionados con la longitud del pedicelo del fruto y con el peso del fruto, encontramos evidencia de sintenia con otros QTLs identificados previamente en poblaciones de berenjena. Siete QTLs eran nuevos, de los cuales cuatro relacionados con la altura de la planta, con la espinosidad del cáliz de la flor y con la longitud del pedicelo del fruto no colocalizaron con ningún QTL previamente identificado en las poblaciones de berenjena, y tres relacionados con el diámetro del tallo, con la longitud del pedúnculo y del estigma, fueron los primeros identificados en berenjena para estos caracteres. En el segundo capítulo, el conjunto de IL de berenjena con introgresiones de S. incanum se evaluó para la forma del fruto en dos ambientes. Específicamente, realizamos un fenotipado detallado de los frutos de los parentales, del híbrido y de las ILs utilizando 32 descriptores morfológicos de la herramienta fenómica Tomato Analyzer. Se encontraron grandes diferencias morfológicas en los frutos de los parentales, y el híbrido presentó valores negativos de heterosis para muchos de los caracteres de forma del fruto, siendo fenotípicamente más cercano al parental S. incanum. Para la mayoría de los descriptores de forma del fruto observamos diferencias significativas entre las ILs y el parental receptor, incluso en presencia de pequeños fragmentos de introgresión del parental silvestre. A pesar de que la contribución del ambiente y la... / [CAT] L'albergínia (Solanum melongena L.) és un dels cultius comercials d'hortalisses solanácees més importants que es cultiva àmpliament a Àsia i la regió del Mediterrani. Malgrat la seua importància econòmica, la disponibilitat de poblacions experimentals i eines genòmiques per al millorament és encara molt limitada en comparació amb altres cultius importants. A causa de l'alteració progressiva de l'ecosistema global pel canvi climàtic, les plantes estan constantment exposades a condicions ambientals estressants que impacten negativament en la seua productivitat. El coll de botella genètic ocorregut durant la domesticació de l'albergínia, que limita la disponibilitat de recursos genètics per al seu millorament genètic, fa que aquest cultiu siga extremadament vulnerable al canvi climàtic, per la qual cosa es requereixen noves estratègies per a reduir la seua erosió genètica. En aquest context, els parents silvestres dels cultius (CWRs) han demostrat ser un recurs genètic vàlid per a la millora vegetal, ja que el seu ús permet ampliar la diversitat genètica dels cultius i, en paral·lel, desenvolupar varietats millorades adaptades al canvi climàtic. Per a aconseguir aquest objectiu, en aquesta tesi doctoral presentem el desenvolupament i l'avaluació de materials avançats d'albergínia obtinguts mitjançant l'ús de parents silvestres. En el primer capítol, realitzem una avaluació fenotípica en dos ambients d'un conjunt de 16 IL d'albergínia amb introgresions de S. incanum, un parent silvestre. Es van puntuar dèsset caràcters agronòmics per a avaluar el rendiment de les ILs en comparació amb el parental recurrent i identificar els QTL per als caràcters investigats. Trobarem diferències morfològiques significatives entre els parentals, i l'híbrid va resultar heteròtic per als caràcters de vigor. A pesar que la interacció entre genotip i ambient (G x E) va resultar significativa per a la majoria dels caràcters, en general les ILs van mostrar poques diferències fenotípiques amb el progenitor receptor, fins i tot en presència de grans fragments d'introgresió del progenitor silvestre. Es van trobar valors de heredabilitat baixos a moderats per als caràcters agronòmics. En total, detectarem deu QTL estables, dos dels quals estaven relacionats a caràcters de planta i quatre per a caràcters de flor i fruit. En general, les introgresions de S. incanum van millorar els valors mitjos de la majoria dels caràcters de planta i flor, i van disminuir el dels caràcters de fruit. Per a tres QTL relacionats amb la longitud del pedicel del fruit i amb el pes del fruit, trobem evidència de sintenia amb altres QTLs identificats prèviament en poblacions d'albergínia. Set QTL eren nous, dels quals quatre estaven relacionats amb l'altura de la planta, amb la espinositat del calze de la flor i amb la llargària del pedicel del fruit no van colocalitzar amb cap QTL prèviament identificat en les poblacions d'albergínia, i tres relacionats amb el diàmetre de la tija, amb la llargària del peduncle i de l'estigma, van ser els primers reportats en albergínia per a aquests caràcters. En el segon capítol, el conjunt de IL d'albergínia amb introgresions de S. incanum es va avaluar per a la forma del fruit en dos ambients. Específicament, realitzarem un fenotipado detallat dels fruits dels parentals, de l'híbrid i de les ILs utilitzant 32 descriptors morfològics de l'eina fenómica Tomato Analyzer. Es van trobar grans diferències morfològiques en els fruits dels parentals, i l'híbrid va presentar valors negatius de heterosis per a molts dels caràcters de forma del fruit, sent fenotípicamente més pròxim al parental S. incanum. Per a la majoria dels descriptors de forma del fruit observarem diferències significatives entre les ILs i el parental recipient, fins i tot en presència de xicotets fragments d'introgresió del parental silvestre. A pesar que la contribució de l'ambient i la interacció G × E van ser significatives per a quasi tots els descriptors, trobem que els seus... / [EN] Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most important commercial solanaceous vegetable crops grown widely in Asia and Mediterranean region. Despite its economic importance, the availability of experimental populations and genomic tools for breeding is still very limited compared to other major crops. Due to the progressive alteration of global ecosystem by climate change, plants are constantly exposed to stressful environmental conditions that impact negatively on their productivity. The genetic bottleneck occurred during eggplant domestication, which limits the availability of genetic resources for its genetic improvement, makes this crop extremely vulnerable to climate change, and, therefore, new strategies are needed for reducing its genetic erosion. In this context, crop wild relatives (CWRs) have demonstrated to be a valid genetic resources for plant breeding, as their use allows to broaden the genetic diversity of the crop and, in parallel, develop improved varieties adapted to climate change. To achieve this objective, in this doctoral thesis we reported on the development and evaluation of eggplant advanced materials obtained by using crop wild relatives. In the first chapter, we have conducted a phenotypic evaluation in two environments of a set of 16 eggplant ILs with introgression from S. incanum, a close wild relative. Seventeen agronomic traits were scored to test the performance of ILs compared to the recurrent parent and identify QTLs for the investigated traits. We found significant morphological differences between parents, and the hybrid was heterotic for vigour related traits. Although significant genotype x environment interaction (G x E) was detected for most traits, the ILs generally exhibited few phenotypic differences with recipient parent, even in the presence of large introgression fragments from the wild parent. Low to moderate heritability values were found for the agronomic traits. In total, we detected ten stable QTLs, two of which were for plant-related traits and four for both flower- and fruit-related traits. In general, S. incanum introgressions improved the performance of most plant- and flower-related traits and decreased that of fruit-related traits. For three QTLs related to fruit pedicel length and fruit weight, we found evidence of synteny to other QTLs previously reported in eggplant populations. Seven QTLs were new, of which four related to plant height, flower calyx prickles, and fruit pedicel length, did not colocalized with any previous identified QTLs in eggplant populations, and three related to stem diameter, peduncle length, and stigma length, were the first reported in eggplant for these traits. In the second chapter, the set of eggplant ILs with introgression from S. incanum was evaluated for fruit shape in two environments. Specifically, we performed a detailed phenotyping of the fruits of the parents, hybrid, and ILs using 32 morphological descriptors of the phenomics tool Tomato Analyzer. Large differences in fruit morphology were found between ILs parents, and the hybrid exhibited negative values of heterosis for many fruit shape traits, being phenotypically closer to S. incanum parent. For most fruit shape descriptors, we observed significant differences between ILs and recipient parent, even in the presence of small wild donor fragments. Although the contribution of the environment and G × E interaction were significant for almost all descriptors, we found that their effects on fruit shape were relatively low, and the observed variations in fruit shape was mainly genetically regulated. Hierarchical clustering revealed nine clusters of highly correlated traits and six ILs groups. A total of 41 QTLs were mapped. Of these, sixteen associated to Basic Measurement and Fruit Shape Index descriptors were syntenic to other previously reported in several intraspecific and interspecific eggplant populations, while twenty-five QTLs related to Blockiness, Homogeneity.... / This work was undertaken as part of the initiative “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting, and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives”, which is supported by the Government of Norway. The project is managed by the Global Crop Diversity Trust with the Millennium Seed Bank of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and implemented in partnership with national and international gene banks and plant breeding institutes around the world. For further information, see the project website: http://www.cwrdiversity.org/. Funding was also received from Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (grant AGL2015-64755-R from MINECO/FEDER); from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigación and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (grant RTI-2018-094592-B-100 from MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE); from European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No. 677379 (G2P-SOL project: Linking genetic resources, genomes and phenotypes of Solanaceous crops); and from Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Innovación y Transferencia de la Universitat Politècnica de València (Ayuda a Primeros Proyectos de Investigación; PAID-06-18). Giulio Mangino is grateful to Generalitat Valenciana for a predoctoral grant within the Santiago Grisolía programme (GRISOLIAP/2016/012). / Mangino, G. (2022). Development and use of introgression populations for the detection of QTL related to important agronomic traits in eggplant [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/188916 / Compendio
102

Comparative Genomics of Gossypium spp. through GBS and Candidate Genes – Delving into the Controlling Factors behind Photoperiodic Flowering

Young, Carla Jo Logan 16 December 2013 (has links)
Cotton has been a world-wide economic staple in textiles and oil production. There has been a concerted effort for cotton improvement to increase yield and quality to compete with non-natural man-made fibers. Unfortunately, cultivated cotton has limited genetic diversity; therefore finding new marketable traits within cultivated cotton has reached a plateau. To alleviate this problem, traditional breeding programs have been attempting to incorporate practical traits from wild relatives into cultivated lines. This incorporation has presented a new problem: uncultivated cotton hampered by photoperiodism. Traditionally, due to differing floral times, wild and cultivated cotton species were unable to be bred together in many commercial production areas world-wide. This worldwide breeding problem has inhibited new trait incorporation. Before favorable traits from undomesticated cotton could be integrated into cultivated elite lines using marker-assisted selection breeding, the markers associated with photoperiod independence needed to be discovered. In order to increase information about this debilitating trait, we set out to identify informative markers associated with photoperiodism. This study was segmented into four areas. First, we reviewed the history of cotton to highlight current problems in production. Next, we explored cotton’s floral development through a study of floral transition candidate genes. The third area was an in-depth analysis of Phytochrome C (previously linked to photoperiod independence in other crops). In the final area of study, we used Genotype-By-Sequencing (GBS), in a segregating population, was used to determine photoperiod independence associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In short, this research reported SNP differences in thirty-eight candidate gene homologs within the flowering time network, including photoreceptors, light dependent transcripts, circadian clock regulators, and floral integrators. Also, our research linked other discrete SNP differences, in addition to those contained within candidate genes, to photoperiodicity within cotton. In conclusion, the SNP markers that our study found may be used in future marker assisted selection (MAS) breeding schemas to incorporate desirable traits into elite lines without the introgression of photoperiod sensitivity.
103

Introgression of genes from rape to wild turnip

Jenkins, Toni E. January 2005 (has links)
Introgression of genes from crops into ruderal populations is a multi-step process requiring sympatry, synchronous flowering, chromosomal compatibility, successful pollination and development of the zygote, germination, establishment and reproduction of hybrid progeny. The goal of this thesis was to generate data on as many steps in this process as possible and integrate them into a predictive statistical model to estimate the likelihood of successful introgression under a range of scenarios. Rape (Brassica napus) and wild turnip (B. rapa var. oleifera) were used as a model system. A homozygous dominant mutation in the rape genome conferring herbicide resistance provided a convenient marker for the study of introgression. Potential differences between wild turnip populations from a wide range of geographic locations in New Zealand were examined. Hand pollination established the genetic compatibility of rape and wild turnip and a high potential for gene introgression from rape to wild turnip. Interspecific hybrids were easily generated using wild turnip as the maternal plant, with some minor differences between wild turnip populations. The frequency of successful hybridisation between the two species was higher on the lower raceme. However, the upper raceme produced more dormant interspecific hybrid seed. Field trials, designed to imitate rare rape crop escapes into the ruderal environment, examined the ability of rare rape plants to pollinate wild turnip plants over four summers. At a ratio of 1 rape plant for every 400 wild turnip plants, the incidence of interspecific hybridisation was consistently low (<0.1 to 2.1 % of total seed on wild turnip plants). There was a significant year effect with the first season producing significantly more seed and a greater frequency of interspecific hybrid progeny than the other years. The frequency of interspecific hybrid progeny increases when the ratio of rape: wild turnip plant numbers increases. The relative importance of anemophily and entomophily in the production of interspecific hybrids was examined. Wild turnip plants produced twice as many seeds with bee pollination relative to wind pollination. However, the frequency of interspecific hybrids under wind pollination was nearly twice that for bee pollination. Light reflectance patterns under UV light revealed a marked difference between wild turnip and rape flowers compared to near identical appearance under visible light. The data indicates that bees are able to distinguish between rape and wild turnip flowers and exhibit floral constancy when foraging among populations with these two species. Hybrid survival in the seed bank, germination and seedling establishment in the field are important components of fitness. Seed banks established in the soil after the field trials described above germinated in subsequent spring seasons. The predominantly brassica weed populations were screened for herbicide resistance and the numbers of interspecific hybrids germinating compared to the original frequency in the field trial results. Frequency of interspecific hybrids was reduced in the populations compared to the original seed deposit. Seed with a known frequency of interspecific hybrid seed was sown in a separate trial, and the frequency of interspecific hybrids compared at 0, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after sowing. Poor germination resulted limited competition between seedlings, however the frequency of interspecific hybrids declined over time indicating low plant fitness. There were no significant population effects on any parameters tested. Interspecific hybrids grown in a glasshouse were backcrossed to the parental species and selfed within the plant and within populations. Pollen from the interspecific hybrids was found to have markedly reduced fertility. Interspecific hybrid plants had low female fertility, with the majority (88%) of the pollinated flowers aborting the siliques. Of the remaining siliques, most (98%) had only one to three seeds per silique. Inheritance of the herbicide resistance gene was regular in backcrosses but highly skewed following self pollination with an excess of herbicide-sensitive progeny. Production of a stochastic predictive model integrated the information acquired over the practical work phase of this thesis and utilised the capabilities of @risk, a new application of a risk analysis tool. The three outputs examined were the number of flowering plants resulting from backcrosses to rape and wild turnip and self pollination of the interspecific hybrid progeny. Five scenarios were modelled and all demonstrated the high likelihood of introgression failure in this system. In all scenarios, >75% of simulations resulted in no interspecific hybrid progeny surviving to flowering in the third generation. In all scenarios, and for all three outputs, the seed set on the interspecific hybrids of the second generation was the major factor that limited the number interspecific hybrid progeny surviving to flowering in the third generation.
104

Maize and Sunflower of North America: Conservation and Utilization of Genetic Diversity

Kost, Matthew January 2014 (has links)
No description available.
105

TOMATO FLESHY FRUIT QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: CHARACTERIZATION OF GENES AND GENOMIC REGIONS ASSOCIATED TO SPECIALIZED METABOLISM IN TOMATO FLESHY FRUIT

Fernández Moreno, Josefina Patricia 18 September 2016 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [EN] Until recently, the genetic improvement of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) was focused in agronomic traits, such as yield and biotic or abiotic stresses; therefore the interest in tomato fruit quality is relatively new. The tomato fruit surface can be considered both an agronomic trait as well as a quality trait, because it has an effect on consumer impression in terms of color and glossiness but also it underlies the resistance/sensitivity to cracking or water loss with consequences on fruit manipulation (e.g. transport and processing). The cuticle is deposited over the cell wall surrounding the epidermal cells and it is the first barrier in the plant-environment interface. The cuticle composition includes two main groups of metabolites: cuticular waxes and cutin. Other metabolites can be founded into the cuticle matrix, as triterpenoids and flavonoids. Those minor cuticular components are involved in the correct functionality of the cuticle. Understanding cuticle biosynthesis and genetic regulation requires the development of fast and simple analytical methodologies to study those specialized metabolites using large populations (e.g. mutant collections or introgression lines), together with the identification of genes and genomic regions responsible of their production. This thesis aims to contribute to our understanding of the molecular programs underlying tomato fruit quality by providing: i) a general protocol to profile cuticular waxes in different species, including tomato; ii) a QTL map for cuticular composition (i.e. cuticular waxes and cutin monomers) using the Solanum pennellii introgression line population; iii) a detailed protocol of the reverse genetic tool so-called Fruit-VIGS to assist in the study of gene function in tomato fruit; and iv) a thorough characterization of the first null allele for the transcription factor SlMYB12 (i.e. Slmyb12-pf) in tomato fruit which provides new insights into the regulation of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in the fruit peel by high resolution mass spectrometry and RNA-Seq approaches. / [ES] Hasta hace poco, la mejora genética del cultivo del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) había estado centrada principalmente en caracteres agronómicos, como la productividad y la resistencia a estreses, tanto bióticos como abióticos. Así, el interés en la calidad del fruto de tomate es relativamente reciente. La superficie del fruto del tomate puede considerarse tanto un carácter agronómico como de calidad, pues influye en la primera impresión de los consumidores en términos de color y brillo, así como también en los procesos de resistencia o sensibilidad a la rotura ('cracking') o a la pérdida de agua. Estos factores determinan el aspecto del fruto y condicionan atributos relacionados con su manipulación (transporte y procesado). La cutícula se deposita sobre la pared celular de las células epidérmicas y es la primera barrera que interacciona con el ambiente. Está constituida por dos grandes tipos de metabolitos: las ceras cuticulares y la cutina. Otros metabolitos pueden aparecer embebidos en la matriz cuticular, como es el caso de los triterpenoides y los flavonoides. Estos metabolitos contribuyen a la correcta funcionalidad de la cutícula. La compresión de la biosíntesis y regulación génica de la cutícula requiere del desarrollo de metodologías de análisis sencillas y rápidas para el estudio de estos metabolitos especializados en grandes poblaciones (colecciones de mutantes o líneas de introgresión), así como para la identificación de genes y regiones génicas responsables de la producción y acumulación de dichos compuestos, pudiendo ser muy útiles para implementar programas de mejora de la calidad del tomate. El objetivo de esta tesis es contribuir a la comprensión sobre los programas moleculares subyacentes a la calidad del fruto de tomate, proporcionando: i) un protocolo general de análisis del contenido de ceras cuticulares en diferentes especies, incluyendo el tomate; ii) un mapa de QTL de la composición cuticular (incluyendo ceras y monómeros de cutina) obtenido con la población de líneas de introgresión de Solanum pennellii; iii) un protocolo detallado de uso de la herramienta de genética reversa Fruit-VIGS con el que realizar estudios de funciones génicas en fruto de tomate; y iv) una minuciosa caracterización de un nuevo alelo nulo del factor de transcripción SlMYB12 (Slmyb12-pf) en fruto de tomate, proporcionando nueva información sobre la regulación de la ruta biosintética de los flavonoides en la piel del fruto, utilizando espectrometría de masas de alta resolución y de nuevas tecnologías de secuenciación. / [CA] Fins fa poc de temps, la millora genètica de la tomata (Solanum lycopersicum) anava dirigida fonamentalment als caràcters de tipus agronòmic, com la productivitat i la tolerància a estressos biòtics o abiòtics, resultant que l'interés per la qualitat dels fruits és relativament nou. La superfície de la tomata pot ser considerada tant com un caràcter agronòmic com un de qualitat, ja que és l'aspecte de la superfície del fruit el que confereix al consumidor la primera impressió de color, brillantor, però és també la pell del fruit la responsable de la diferent susceptibilitat del fruit a desenvolupar clevills o que el fruit sofrisca més o menys pèrdues d'aigua, tot tenint importants conseqüències en la manipulació (i.e. transport i processament del fruit). La cutícula és dipositada per sobre de la paret cel·lular que envolta la capa de cèl·lules epidèrmiques i constitueix la primera barrera en la interfase planta-medi ambient. La composició de la cutícula presenta dos grups principals de metabòlits: les ceres i la cutina. També es poden trobar altres metabòlits els triterpenoids i el flavonoids. Aquests darrers components cuticulars menors són implicats en el correcte funcionament de la cutícula. Per tal de comprendre la biosíntesi i la regulació genètica de la cutícula cal desenvolupar tecnologies analítiques senzilles i rapides que permeten estudiar aquests metabòlits especialitzats en poblacions grans de plantes (i.e. Col·leccions de mutants o de línies d'introgressió), a més de la identificació de gens i regions genòmiques que són responsables de la seua producció. Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu contribuir a millorar la nostra comprensió dels programes moleculars que afecten determinats aspectes de la qualitat de la tomata mitjançant els següents objectius: i) proporcionar un protocol general per obtenir perfils de ceres cuticulars en diferents espècies, inclosa la tomata; ii) obtenir un mapa de QTL per a la composició cuticular (i.e. ceres cuticulars i monòmers de cutina) mitjançant la utilització de la població de línies d'introgressió de Solanum pennelli; iii) descriure amb detall el protocol d'una eina de revers genètica denominada Fruit-VIGS que resulta molt adequada per estudiar funció gènica a la tomata; y iv) fer una caracterització exhaustiva del primer al·lel nul del factor de transcripció SlMYB12 (ie. Slmyb12-pf) en tomata la qual proporciona informació nova sobre la regulació de la ruta de biosíntesi de flavonoides en la pell de la tomata mitjançant espectrometria de masses d'alta resolució i RNAseq. / Fernández Moreno, JP. (2015). TOMATO FLESHY FRUIT QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: CHARACTERIZATION OF GENES AND GENOMIC REGIONS ASSOCIATED TO SPECIALIZED METABOLISM IN TOMATO FLESHY FRUIT [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/55505 / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales / Compendio
106

Demography of Birch Populations across Scandinavia

Sendrowski, Janek January 2022 (has links)
Boreal forests are particularly vulnerable to climate change, experiencing a much more drastic increase in temperatures and having a limited amount of more northern refugia. The trees making up these vast and important ecosystems already had to adapt previously to environmental pressures brought about by the repeated glaciations during past ice ages. Studying the patterns of adaption of these trees can thus provide valuable insights on how to mitigate future damage. This thesis presents and analyses population structure, demo- graphic history and the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of the diploid Betula pendula and tetraploid B. pubescens across Scandinavia. Birches–being widespread in boreal forests as well as having great economical importance–constitute superb model species. The analyses of this work confirm the expectations on postglacial population expansion and diploid-tetraploid introgression. They furthermore ascertain the presence of two genetic clusters and a remarkably similar DFE for the species. This work also contributes with a transparent, reproducible and reusable pipeline which facilitates running similar analyses for related species.

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