Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 59-61.

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Temperature is commonly suggested to be the most important regulating factor for the position of the treeline. But also other abiotic and biotic processes may influence. To understand treeline shifts, it is necessary to improve the knowledge about the treeline forming species and their establishment, growth and survival. What are the drivers behind the shifts? The abundance of other vegetation is previously reported to facilitate growth of seedlings above treeline and also warmer temperatures are commonly observed to improve growth.   This study observed growth of mountain birch seedlings during one growing season. The relative importance of environmental factors in relation to the amount of growth and abundance was investigated. The study was conducted in the area of Abisko, Northern Sweden, using 4 sites, where transects were established just above the treeline. The sites differed in the amount of mean precipitation and aspect of the slopes. The vegetation composition around the seedlings and at the average treeline was observed, soil temperatures measured and the aspect of the slope estimated   Seedling growth was observed at all sites, with the highest amount in the sites with most precipitation, Pålnoviken and Katterjåkk. The observed soil mean and maximum temperatures were consistently highest in the southern facing slopes of Jiebrenjåkk and Pålnoviken. The vegetation was mostly dominated by dwarf shrubs, herbaceous plant cover, mosses and bare ground, and did not differ between the seedlings and the average treeline. The best model for growth was found to be the combination of the factors site, herbaceous plant cover, litter and soil mean temperature. Herbaceous plant cover was observed to improve the amount of growth in the drier sites of Pålnoviken and Jiebrenjåkk.   The finding of mountain birch seedlings growing in all vegetation types along the treeline, indicates that they have no preference of vegetation type for establishment. However, the negative influence of bare ground on growth supports the theory that abundance of vegetation facilitates growth of seedlings. The highest amount of growth was found in the sites with most precipitation, suggesting this to be an important factor for growth. In contrast to the expectations, warmer soil temperatures and the south facing slopes did not affect growth positively. This could be explained by the extremely high temperatures of the summer that may have induced drought. Finally, the improved growth by herbaceous plant cover in the drier sites may be because of their preference of moisture and nutrient rich soils, that could also support the growth of mountain birch seedlings.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2015-10-27T15:39:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Michelle Aparecida Machado - 2015.pdf: 8393825 bytes, checksum: f7837b22c2fc6a1d70270626bbb3b3d9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-28T14:08:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Michelle Aparecida Machado - 2015.pdf: 8393825 bytes, checksum: f7837b22c2fc6a1d70270626bbb3b3d9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-28T14:08:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Michelle Aparecida Machado - 2015.pdf: 8393825 bytes, checksum: f7837b22c2fc6a1d70270626bbb3b3d9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In the present work the chemical study of Eriotheca pubescens lead to the isolation and structural identification of secondary metabolites present in the stems and leaves of this species. Furthermore, it was evaluated of antioxidant potential by the capture method of free radicals using DPPH and the study also was lead to search cathepsins K, L, and V inhibitors through in vitro test using the fluorogenic substrate Z-FR-MCA. The chemical study of the ethanolic extract from the stem led to the isolation and identification of triterpenoids α-amyrin and β-amyrin; two diterpenoids, 7-oxo-labda-8,13-dien-15-oic acid and ent-Δ13,14- labd-8β-ol-15-oic acid; four derivatives of benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid, 3-methoxy-4- hydroxybenzoic acid and flavonoid quercetin. From the ethanolic extract of the leaves, it has been isolated and identified two triterpenoids, lupenona and lupeol. The compounds 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (EC50 0,34 ± 0,0083 mM) and quercetina (EC50 de 0,11 ± 0,0057 mM) showed high antioxidant potential using DPPH assays. The extracts and the major fractions showed above 50% inhibitory activity against cathepsins K, L and V. The p-hydroxybenzoic acid was shown to be a moderate inhibitor (IC50 135,81 ± 17,07 μM) and quercetin a potent and selective inhibitor (IC50 2,2 ± 0,2 μM), both against cathepsin V. These results are important to contribute the chemical and biological knowledge of this species, which so far has no reports of chemical and biological studies. / No presente trabalho foi realizado o estudo químico de Eriotheca pubescens com a finalidade de isolar e identificar estruturalmente metabólitos secundários presentes no caule e nas folhas desta espécie. Além disso, foi realizada avaliação do potencial antioxidante através do método de captura dos radicais livres com DPPH e avaliação do potencial de inibição frente às catepsinas K, L e V através de ensaio in vitro utilizando o substrato fluorogênico Z-FR-MCA. O estudo químico do extrato etanólico do caule levou ao isolamento e identificação dos triterpenoides α-amirina e β-amirina; dois diterpenoides, ácido 7-oxo-labda-8,13-dien-15-oico e o ácido Δ13,14-ent-labd-8β-ol-15-oico; quatro derivados do ácido benzoico, o ácido p-hidroxibenzoico, o ácido 3,4- diidroxibenzoico, o ácido 4-hidroxi-3,5-dimetoxibenzoico, o ácido 3-metoxi-4- hidroxibenzoico e o flavonoide quercetina. Do extrato etanólico das folhas foram isolados e identificados dois triterpenoides, sendo estes a lupenona e o lupeol. No ensaio de atividade antioxidante o ácido 3,4-diidroxibenzoico (EC50 de 0,34 ± 0,0083 mM) e a quercetina (EC50 de 0,11 ± 0,0057 mM) apresentam elevado potencial antioxidante. Nos ensaios frente às catepsinas K, L e V, os extratos e a maior parte das frações apresentaram atividade inibitória superior a 50% e das substâncias isoladas e avaliadas o ácido p-hidroxibenzoico mostrou-se um moderado inibidor (IC50 de 135,81 ± 17,07 μM) e a quercetina um potente e seletivo inibidor (IC50 de 2,2 ± 0,2 μM), ambos para catepsina V. Estes resultados são importantes para contribuir com o conhecimento químico e biológico desta espécie, que até o momento não possui relatos de estudos químicos e biológicos.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2017-10-02T17:55:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Ana Paula Silva Siqueira - 2017.pdf: 1689217 bytes, checksum: 899187748537426a1575c6110af85e73 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-03T13:21:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Ana Paula Silva Siqueira - 2017.pdf: 1689217 bytes, checksum: 899187748537426a1575c6110af85e73 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T13:21:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Ana Paula Silva Siqueira - 2017.pdf: 1689217 bytes, checksum: 899187748537426a1575c6110af85e73 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-15 / The Cerrado is the source of much of the richness of both fauna and flora, which represent Brazil and some countries in South America. Among the individuals of the flora, much has been studied about fruit plants. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the potential of endemic Mangroves (Harconia speciosa Gomes) of the cerrado, a fruitful plant, very productive, with a pleasant taste and that can occur in up to six varieties. Three varieties were initially defined for study: var. Gardneri, cuiabenses and pubescens. These varieties were initially studied for their physiological development for three harvests. These plants, besides production in the harvest period, produce fruit during several months of the year and apparently the productive peak between the varieties is not the same. The flowering of September of a given year is responsible for the fruits of July next year. Evaluating the post-harvest, it was noticed that if fruits of fall were collected the durability of these will be of maximum 3 days, whereas, fruits collected in the mother plant will have durability of nine days. In view of this, it was necessary to test technologies for post-harvest conservation among them, refrigeration and the use of edible cover. In refrigeration the mango fruits stored at 5ºC could last up to 25 days, with var. Pubescens appears to be more resistant to catabolic changes from ripening when refrigerated. When applied to the edible coatings of starch and whey protein, it was noted that the protein coating was more successful in preventing loss of fruit mass, maintaining appearance and lasting about ten days. Evaluating the possibility of collecting the fruits in the mother plant and standardizing its maturation, exogenous ethylene was also tested and it was verified that this is feasible to standardize the ripening, the indication was treated by immersion in a dosage of 520 mgL-1. After the harvest, the possibility of processing this fruit was also evaluated and a sorbet diet and without mango lactose and a nectar were prepared. In both cases, it was possible to note that the fruit has potential for processing because it presents, besides desirable physicochemical parameters (acidity, soluble solids and ratio), a high ascorbic acid content, classifying the fruit as rich in vitamin C. It is concluded Finally, that mangaba is a fruit of commercial importance and that post-harvest care can be achieved with already widespread technologies, such as refrigeration, or more recent but equally simple technologies such as edible coverages or use of exogenous ethylene. / O Cerrado é fonte de grande parte das riquezas, tanto de fauna quanto de flora, que ocorrem no Brasil e em alguns outros países da América do Sul. Entre os indivíduos da flora, muito se tem estudado sobre as plantas frutíferas. Diante disso, este estudo busca analisar as potencialidades de mangabas (Harconia speciosa Gomes) endêmicas do cerrado, uma planta frutífera, muito produtiva, cujos frutos tem sabor agradável. Inicialmente definiu-se três variedades para estudo: var. gardneri, cuiabenses e pubescens. Essas variedades foram estudadas quanto ao seu desenvolvimento fisiológico por três safras. Essas plantas, além da produção em período de safra, produzem frutos durante vários meses do ano e, aparentemente, o pico produtivo entre as variedades não é o mesmo. A floração de setembro de um determinado ano é responsável pelos frutos de julho do próximo ano. Avaliando a pós-colheita, notou-se que se coletados “frutos de caída” a durabilidade destes será de no máximo três dias, enquanto frutos coletados na planta mãe terão durabilidade de nove dias. Diante disso, foi necessário testar tecnologias de conservação pós-colheita entre elas, refrigeração e uso de cobertura comestível. Na refrigeração os frutos de mangaba armazenados a 5 ºC duraram com qualidade até 25 dias, sendo que a var. pubescens é mais resistente às modificações catabólicas do amadurecimento, quando refrigerada. Quando aplicadas as coberturas comestíveis de amido e de proteína de soro de leite, notou-se que a cobertura de proteína foi mais bem-sucedida em impedir a perda de massa do fruto, manter a aparência e duraram cerca de dez dias. Avaliando a possibilidade de coletar os frutos na planta mãe e uniformizar seu amadurecimento também se testou etileno exógeno e verificou-se que este é viável para uniformizar o amadurecimento, a indicação foi tratar por imersão em uma dosagem de 520 mg. L-1. Após a colheita também avaliou-se a possibilidade de processamento desse fruto e foram elaborados um sorbet diet e sem lactose de mangaba além de um néctar. Em ambos os casos foi possível notar que o fruto tem potencialidade para processamento porque apresenta além de parâmetros físico-químicos desejáveis (acidez, sólidos solúveis e ratio um teor de ácido ascórbico elevado, classificando o fruto como rico em vitamina C. Conclui-se que a mangaba é um fruto de importância comercial e que os cuidados na pós-colheita podem ser obtidos com tecnologias já amplamente difundidas, como a refrigeração, ou tecnologias mais recentes, no entanto, igualmente simples, como as coberturas comestíveis ou o uso de etileno exógeno.

Orientador: Mary Ann Foglio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T12:01:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Grando_Rogerio_M.pdf: 3627366 bytes, checksum: 922ac0cfe7471065c3f3722c5e2b97bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O uso de plantas medicinais é uma prática comum na medicina popular, entretanto, seu uso indiscriminado pode trazer sérios danos à saúde. Portanto é de fundamental importância estudos que comprovem a eficácia, segurança e qualidade de uma espécie vegetal. Estudos conduzidos pelo nosso grupo de pesquisa comprovaram atividade anti-inflamatória, antinociceptiva e antiproliferativa do extrato diclorometano de Pterodon pubescens Benth. e de três vouacapanos isolados e identificados a partir desta espécie. Com base nesses resultados aliados as informações do uso popular dos chás da espécie, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia do extrato aquoso de P. pubescense, avaliar a estabilidade de micropartículas produzidas com esse extrato, e a atividade anti-artrica do extrato diclorometano da espécie. Estudos fitoquímicos desses extratos demonstraram que o extrato apolar continha Geranilgeraniol, composto não detectado no extrato aquoso. Já os compostos vouacapanos foram detectados em concentrações análogas no extrato aquoso (Ppa) como no extrato diclorometano (Pp). A atividade farmacológica foi observada através dos modelos de contorções abdominais induzido por acido acético, lambedura de pata induzido por formalina, hiperalgésia e edema de pata induzido por carragenina. O extrato diclorometano (Pp) demonstrou melhor eficácia (Contorção abdominal inibição de 53% Ppa e 71% Pp ANOVA p<0,05; Formalina fase 1: Ppa Inativo; Pp 77,3% ANOVA p<0,05, fase 2: Ppa 85,6% Pp 98,0% ANOVA p<0,05 e Edema da pata Ppa 50% na dose de 100mg/kg Pp 50% na dose de 100mg/kg ANOVA p<0,05) quando comparado ao extrato aquoso. Esses dados nos sugeriram um provável efeito sinérgico dos compostos vouacapanos e geranilgeraniol aumentando o efeito antinociceptivo do extrato de diclorometano. A atividade anti-artrite reumatoide do extrato diclometânico foi evidenciado pela redução do índice de artrite, índice de alodínia e diminuição do número de linfócitos. Nesse ultimo modelo também foi evidenciado que o tratamento contínuo durante 14 dias, não interferiu nas funções renais e hepáticas dos animais. Também foi observado que o processo de microencapsulação por atomização preservou as características físicas e químicas do extrato aquoso durante o teste de estabilidade, sendo uma alternativa para o prolongamento do tempo de armazenamento desse extrato / Abstract: Medicinal plants have been used to treat various diseases; however, the random use can cause serious damage. Pterodon pubescens Benth. (Sucupira) seeds have been widely used by local people for treatment of various inflammatory processes. Previous studies showed that geranylgeraniol and three voucapans isolated and identified from this species were involved with anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity. Brazilian folkmedicine employ teas prepared from this species seeds to treat pain. The ethno pharmacological data combined with the results previously produced by our research group promoted the present study that proposed the efficacy evaluation of the aqueous P. pubescense extract on antinociceptive experimental models, stability of microparticles produced from the extract. Also since the plant species is described in folk medicine for treatment of chronic pain, arthritis experimental model induced by CFA (Complet Freund's Adjuvants) were undertaken.Phytochemical comparison evaluation showed that the dichloromethane(Pp) extract contained geranylgeraniol, and furan diterpenes (vouacapans) whereas only vouacapans were detected in the polar aqueous extract (Ppa) . The pharmacological activity was measured by writhing induced by acetic acid, paw licking induced by formalin hyperalgesia and paw edema induced by carrageenan models. The dichloromethane extract (Pp) showed better efficacy in comparison to the aqueous extract (inhibition of writhing by 53% Ppa and 71% Pp ANOVA p <0.05; Formalin phase 1: Idle Ppa; inhibition of 77.3% Pp ANOVA p <0.05, Phase 2: Inhibition of 98.0% in Pp and 85,6 in Ppa ANOVA p <0.05. Ppa inhibited paw edema in 50% at a dose of 100mg/kg Pp and Ppa. ANOVA p <0.05) therefore the nonpolar extract (Pp) was chosen to go forward with the arthritis experimental model. Furthermore this data corroborates previous studies that suggest a synergistic effect of geranylgeraniol and vouacapans on the antinociceptive activity . The dichlorometanic extract (Pp) was tested using 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg oral doses during 14 days treatment . The results indicated that Pp protected rats against CFA induced arthritis by decreasing paw volume (30% compared to control group ANOVA p>0,05) and increasing nociceptive threshold (42,84% compared to control group ANOVA p>0,005). The extract showed no toxic effect against liver and kidneys demonstrating immunosuppressive effect by reducing significant dose-dependent lymphocytes. The present investigation, suggest that Pp extract has an anti-arthritic activity. Moreover sub-acute treatment did not cause significant changes in biochemical parameters. However further studies are still required to assess the possible immunosuppressive action of this extract / Mestrado / Fármacos, Medicamentos e Insumos para Saúde / Mestre em Biociências e Tecnologia de Produtos Bioativos

Orientadores: José Francisco Höfling, Mary Ann Foglio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T00:11:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roque_FabianaPaganotti_M.pdf: 3230605 bytes, checksum: 40a2f5ebcd24ad13b6c7e4064b29c923 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Pesquisas que visam extrair e identificar compostos isolados de plantas tem sido levada a efeito há muitos anos, com o intuito de descobrir compostos com ação antimicrobiana e produzir medicamentos devido ao aumento da resistência apresentada pelos microrganismos aos antimicrobianos disponíveis no mercado. A ação dos compostos presentes na semente, casca, folha e frutos das plantas do gênero Pterodon spp. tem sido estudadas em bactérias, leveduras e protozoários, estando relacionada à ação antimicrobiana, antiinflamatória, antiproliferativa e contra cercárias de Schistossoma mansoni. Leveduras do gênero Candida spp., bactérias do gênero Streptococcus spp. e Staphylococcus spp. estão associadas à formação do biofilme em dispositivos médicos, sendo esta uma estratégia para resistir aos agentes antimicrobianos e às células do sistema imunológico. O composto denominado FrB, identificado através de espectrometria de massas com esqueleto vouacapano, e os compostos geranilgeraniol, éster 6?,7?-diidroxivouacapano-17? oato de metila e os isômeros éster 6?-hidroxi-7?-acetoxi-vouacapano-17?-oato de metila e acetoxi-7?- hidroxi-vouacapano-17?-oato de metila, foram testados através da técnica de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) em quatro espécies de Candida spp, e nas bactérias Streptococcus mutans e Staphylococcus aureus. Foi observada CIM de 2mg/mL apenas nas quatro cepas de Candida spp., não sendo ativo contra as bactérias. Através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão, observou-se que FrB provocou modificações na parede celular fúngica. O composto diterpeno com esqueleto vouacapano foi testado no biofilme de Candida albicans SC 5314 e verificou-se uma inibição de 70% do biofilme em formação na concentração de 1mg/mL. No entanto, nenhum dos quatro compostos foram ativos contra bactérias. A partir dos resultados obtidos, podemos afirmar que o vouacapano, isolado do óleo da semente de Pterodon pubescens, apresenta atividade antifúngica, sendo uma potencial fonte para produção de medicamentos a base de plantas / Abstract: Research aimed at identifying and extracting compounds isolated from plants have been under a many years ago with the aim of discovering bioactive compounds and produce phyto due to the increased resistance of microorganisms to the antimicrobial commercially used. The action of bioactive compounds present in the seeds, bark, leaves and fruits of plants of the genus Pterodon spp. has been studied in bacteria, yeasts and protozoa, is related to antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and against infection by Schistosoma mansoni. Yeasts of the genus Candida spp. and bacteria of the genus Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. are associated with biofilm formation in medical devices, which is a strategy to resist antimicrobial agents and cells of the immune system. The compound FrB named, isolated from the seed oil Pterodon pubescens and identified by mass spectrometry with skeleton vouacapan, and the compounds geranylgeraniol, éster 6?,7?-dihydroxyvouacapan-17? oato de metila and ester 6?-hidroxi-7?-acetoxi-vouacapan-17?-oate metil e acetoxi-7?- hidroxi-vouacapan-17?-oato metil were tested using the technique of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in four species of Candida spp, and bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. Was observed MIC of 2 mg/mL to the four strains of Candida spp., although was not active against bacteria. By scanning and transmission electron microscopy, it was observed that FrB caused changes in the fungal cell wall. The diterpen vouacapan was tested on Candida albicans SC 5314 biofilm and there was a 70% inhibition of biofilm formation in a concentration of 1mg/mL. From the results obtained, we can affirm that diterpen skeleton with vouacapan, isolated from the seed oil of Pterodon pubescens, has antifungal activity and is a potential source for the production of plant based medicinal / Mestrado / Microbiologia e Imunologia / Mestra em Biologia Buco-Dental

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is a topic of high importance and one that research efforts are continually being focused on. These harmful chemicals are known to cause adverse health effects in humans and animals. In particular, bisphenol-A (BPA), a high volume chemical which is mainly used in the manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins have been shown to be implicated in the development of a variety of health problems. In this study, the ability of two fungal laccases [Trametes versicolor (TvL) and Trametes pubescens (TpL)], and two bacterial laccases [Streptomyces coelicolor (SLAC), and a mutant of SLAC (SLAC- VN)] to degrade or remove BPA from solution was investigated. The commercial preparation of TvL was used for the purposes of this study, while TpL was produced from the native strain. T. pubescens was cultured in shake-flasks, the supernatant harvested and subjected to ammonium sulphate precipitation. SLAC and SLAC-VN were produced from recombinant strains using a standard protocol and the enzymes purified by size-exclusion chromatography. The presence of the laccases were confirmed by the 2,6-dimethoxyphenol assay and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).The removal or degradation of BPA from solution was determined for the free enzymes, as well as the enzymes in immobilised form. For immobilisation, the enzymes were encapsulated in sodium alginate beads and cross-linked to form cross- linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs).High levels of BPA removal was exhibited by the fungal laccase, TpL (100% removal)and the bacterial mutant laccase, SLAC-VN (96%) in their free form. When all four laccases were encapsulated in sodium alginate beads, a number of changes to the characteristics of the enzymes were observed. Overall, the level of BPA removal was reduced for all enzymes as when compared to the free laccases, while SLAC-VN removed more BPA than either of the fungal laccases (59% for SLAC-VN versus 57% TvL and 54% for TpL). The encapsulation of the laccases in alginate beads also led to changes in the optimal temperature for BPA removal, with all encapsulated laccase being able to remove BPA optimally at 40°C. The immobilisation of the laccases in CLEA form had the most significant effect on the BPA removal ability of the laccases. The pH range for both fungal laccases was extended beyond the acidic range [for TpL, optimal removal occurred at pH 8.5 compared to pH 4.5 (free) and pH 6.0 (encapsulated)]. Most remarkable, however, was that the formation of CLEAs greatly enhanced the BPA removal ability of SLAC (60% removal compared to 25% when encapsulated).

Please read the abstract in the section 10back of this document / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Plant Science / unrestricted

No description available.