Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Differential exhumation within the eastern Transverse Ranges of southern California has revealed a tilted crustal section that provides a unique view into the architecture of the Mesozoic arc. At the base of this crustal section is a group of well-exposed sheeted plutons. Well-developed, gentle to moderately dipping magmatic and solid-state fabrics within these plutons are regionally consistent, margin-parallel, discordant to internal sheeting and layering, and are generally parallel to equivalent host rock structures and fabrics. In some plutons, magmatic foliations define regional fold structures, thus recording regional contraction during chamber construction. Collectively, field mapping and fabric analyses within these sheeted plutons show that the observed fabric patterns are better explained by regional deformation rather than internal magma chamber processes. This interpretation is in direct contrast to previous mapping in the region. The host rocks also record complex processes during sheeted pluton emplacement. Deflection of host rock foliations and structures into parallelism with pluton contacts suggest that downward ductile flow played a role in making space for these plutons. However, evidence of regional faulting and shearing is not observed, suggesting that they did not play a significant role. Although there is considerable microstructural variability within each pluton, the observed microstructures are generally consistent with a transition from magmatic to submagmatic/ high-temperature solid-state deformation. Magmatic microstructures are defined by euhedral to subhedral plagioclase, hornblende, and biotite that do not show significant internal crystal-plastic deformation. Evidence for high-temperature solid-state deformation includes high-temperature grain boundary migration in quartz, plagaioclase, potassium feldspar, and hornblende; chessboard extinction in quartz; and ductile bending in plagioclase and hornblende. Microstructural observations also indicate that mafic and intermediate compositions record stronger magmatic fabrics than felsic compositions. Based on the structural and microstructural observations presented in this study, I interpret that these sheeted plutons were emplaced into an active continental arc setting that was undergoing regional contraction. The strong magmatic fabrics and high-temperature solid-state overprinting is likely a consequence of regional deformation during crystallization. The weak fabrics within upper crustal plutons relative to the strong fabrics within the mid-crustal plutons suggest that deformation was largely localized to the more compositionally heterogeneous mid-crustal portions of the arc structure.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The objectives of this study are, generally, to analyze and understand internal processes that produce melts in an oceanic-continental subduction setting; and, specifically, to understand the assembly of a Cretaceous magmatic arc pluton (Palms pluton), including the timing of melt emplacement(s) and melt evolution from the source. SiO2 concentrations vary from ~ 69-76 % by weight. Whole rock trace element concentrations vary up to 7 times. Zircon analysis shows a minimum age difference in the pluton of 3 my, if considering the uncertainties of the oldest and youngest samples. According to the model made from the HEAT program, this is approximately six times longer than the estimated crystallization time of one batch of melt with the same physical properties as the Palms pluton. Two distinct sources, perceived from chemical analysis of premagmatic zircons, are found throughout the pluton. REE compositional patterns show a hybridization of Proterozoic and Mesozoic sources in some, but not all, Palms pluton granites. This data suggests that the pluton formed from multiple intrusions and the Proterozoic source remained relatively consistent throughout the pluton’s assembly with few additions of younger Mesozoic source material.

[Truncated abstract] The Tintina Gold Province (TGP) comprises numerous (<15) gold belts and districts throughout interior Alaska and Yukon that are associated with Cretaceous plutonic rocks. With a gold endowment of ∼70Moz, most districts are defined by their placer gold contributions, which comprise greater than 30 Moz, but four districts have experience significant increases in gold exploration with notable discoveries at Fort Knox (5.4 Moz), Donlin Creek (12.3 Moz), Pogo (5.8 Moz), True North (0.79 Moz), and Brewery Creek (0.85 Moz). All significant TGP gold deposits are spatially and temporally related to reduced (ilmenite-series) and radiogenic Cretaceous intrusive rocks that intrude (meta-) sedimentary strata. The similar characteristics that these deposits share are the foundation for the development of a reduced intrusion-related gold deposit model. Associated gold deposits have a wide variety of geological and geochemical features and are categorized as intrusion-centered (includes intrusion-hosted, skarns and replacements), shear-related, and epizonal. The TGP is characterized by vast, remote under-explored areas, unglaciated regions with variable oxidation depths and discontinuous permafrost, which, in combination with a still-evolving geological model, create significant exploration challenges. Twenty-five Early and mid-Cretaceous (145-90 Ma) plutonic suites and belts are defined across Alaska and Yukon on the basis of lithological, geochemical, isotopic, and geochronometric similarities. These features, when combined with aeromagnetic characteristics, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and whole-rock ferric:ferrous ratios define the distribution of magnetite- and ilmenite-series plutonic belts. Magnetite-series plutonic belts are dominantly associated with the older parts of the plutonic episode and comprise subduction-generated metaluminous plutons that are distributed preferentially in the more seaward localities dominated by primitive tectonic elements. Ilmenite-series plutonic belts comprise slightly-younger, slightly-peraluminous plutons in more landward localities in pericratonic to continental margin settings. They were likely initiated in response to crustal thickening following terrane collision. The youngest plutonic belt forms a small, but significant, magnetite-series belt in the farthest inboard position, associated with alkalic plutons that were emplaced during weak extension. Intrusion-related metallogenic provinces with distinctive metal associations are distributed, largely in accord with classical redox-sensitive granite-series. Copper, Au and Fe mineralisation are associated with magnetite-series plutons and tungsten mineralisation associated with ilmenite-series plutons. However, there are some notable deviations from expected associations, as intrusion-related Ag-Pb-Zn deposits are few, and significant tin mineralisation is rare. Most significantly, many gold deposits and occurrences are associated with ilmenite-series plutons which form the basis for the reduced intrusion-related gold deposit model

La sécurité des systèmes informatiques répartis est un problème de plus en plus important, en particulier avec l'utilisation massive du réseau Internet. Il est donc essentiel de pouvoir imaginer des techniques de protection efficaces de nos systèmes et de nos réseaux. Ces travaux proposent une contribution à la protection des systèmes informatiques vis-a-vis des malveillances, en abordant le problème sous deux angles : un angle architectural et un angle expérimental. L'angle architectural concerne la conception d'architectures de sécurité permettant de faire face aux menaces actuelles, en proposant plusieurs approches suivies dans la cadre de différentes thèses. L'angle expérimental se focalise sur des techniques permettant d'améliorer notre connaissance des attaquants et des processus d'attaques, en particulier, les processus qui utilisent le réseau Internet comme support.

The Nebo-Babel Ni-Cu-platinum-group element (PGE) magmatic sulphide deposit, a world-class ore body, is hosted in low-MgO, tube-like (chonolithic) gabbronorite intrusion in the West Musgrave Block, Western Australia. The Nebo-Babel deposit is the first significant discovery of a nickel sulphide deposit associated with the ca. 1078 Ma Giles Complex, which is part of the Warakurna large igneous province (LIP), now making the Musgrave Block a prime target for nickel sulphide exploration. The Musgrave Block is a Mesoproterozoic, east-west trending, orogenic belt in central Australia consisting of amphibolite and granulite facies basement gneisses with predominantly igneous protoliths. The basement lithologies have been intruded by mafic-ultramafic and felsic rocks; multiply deformed and metamorphosed between 1600 Ma and 500 Ma. The Giles Complex, which is part of the Warakurna LIP, was emplaced at ca. 1078 Ma and consists of a suite of layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions, mafic and felsic dykes and temporally associated volcanic rocks and granites. The Giles Complex intrusions are interpreted to have crystallised at crustal depths between 15km and 30km and are generally undeformed and unmetamorphosed.

A la suite des dégâts occasionnés par le cyclone Hyacin~ the, le B.R.G.M. Réunion et l'équipe de géologie appliquée de l'I.R.I.G.M. (Université de Grenoble) ont entrepris l'étude des risques du secteur de Grand lIet. . Cette étude comporte plusieurs parties : La première est une présentation générale du secteur de travail dans le contexte géographique et géologique de l'ile de la Réunion. Les raisons du choix de Grand lIet y sont exposées. En dernier lieu, les résultats d'une analyse statis* tique systématique des directions de ravines sont présenté. La deuxième partie est l'étude géologique détaillée des formations de Grand Ilet. Elle conduit à la définition de l'unité intermédiaire qui est caractérisée par des glissements de grande ampleur. La troisième partie concerne des mouvements de terrains plus superficiels mais qui sont responsables de dégârs importants. On insiste sur le rôle des précipitations cycloniques dans leur évolution. Enfin, la quatrième partie tente de faire un bilan des conditions d'instabilité et permet de proposer un zonage du secteur adapté au contexte volcano-détrique et au climat tropical.

Recently, cognitive psychologists have focused their research on the survival aspects of human memory, showing advantages for remembering information encoded for adaptive qualities. When participants rated words related to survival relevance (stranded in grasslands), Nairne et al. (2007) and others found survival processing’s retention superior to many semantic encoding techniques, however, we questioned the global application of survival processing. In the present adaptive memory experiment we used the thematic word list paradigm pioneered by Deese, Rodeiger and McDermott, allowing us to measure false recall of critical items from sets of word lists. To investigate recall differences based on the material type encoded, we separated recalled material into two categories: survival and non-survival. Because arousal can influence memory performance, we extended research on adaptive memory to include social arousal induced by videotaping participants during study and recall tasks. Videotaping subjects has been shown to induce arousal levels similar to those when being observed, and may parallel arousal experienced in survival scenarios. Overall, recall was lower for survival processing. Survival-relevant information was more accurately remembered, and was not hindered by camera presence, unlike non-survival information. Additionally, false memories were higher under videotaped conditions. While our results did not support Nairne and colleagues, our findings may support the development of evolved brain mechanisms. The current findings are discussed with an emphasis on contemporary high arousal situations that may influence the activation of adaptive memories. We join a growing set of literature that questions the overall benefits of survival processing.

Le complexe mafique–ultramafique lité Yacouba est intrusif au sein des granulites gneissiques du domaine archéen de Man (3,6-2,78 Ga) dans la région de Biankouma-Sipilou (ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire). Dans le secteur de Samapleu, il est composé de trois entités ; dépôt principal de Samapleu (SM), l’Extension 1 de Samapleu (E1) et l’occurrence de Yorodougou (Yo). Il comprend des horizons de webstérites, péridotites, chromitites, norites, gabbro-norites. Ces horizons (épaisseur cumulée de 80 à 200 m) sont inclinés de 70 à 80° vers le SE ; présentent une zonation concentrique, qui sont autant de caractéristiques d’un dyke ; un enracinement à plus de 600 m à partir de la surface avec une jonction des intrusions (SM, E1) plus en profondeur. Les contacts avec l’encaissant gneissique (localement site E1) sont marqués par une zone hybride (condition P = 7,5±1Kbar et T = 850°C ± 100°C) interprétées comme le résultat d'un métamorphisme de contact lors de la mise en place de l’intrusion en base de croûte à environ 22 km de profondeur. Les gneiss et granulites du socle, tout comme les faciès de la zone hybride, préservent des âges archéens (~2,78 Ga, U-Pb sur zircon). Des cristaux de rutile observés dans la zone hybride révèlent un âge U-Pb de 2,09 Ga interprété comme l'âge du métamorphisme de contact et donc de la mise en place de l'intrusion.La minéralisation en Ni-Cu (essentiellement disséminée avec des veines sulfurées subverticales semi-massives à massives) est composée de pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, rarement pyrite. La texture des sulfures varie de matricielle, en filets, en gouttelettes, ou brèchique. Les réserves estimées des dépôts de Samapleu (SM et E1) font plus de 40 millions de tonnes à une teneur moyenne de 0,25% Ni et 0,22% Cu dans la partie supérieure des intrusions (Sama Nickel-CI, Août 2013). Des MGP riches en palladium (Pd) sont associés aux sulfures et plusieurs bandelettes de chromite sont également présentes. Ces observations suggèrent un liquide sulfuré immiscible formé à partir du liquide silicaté initial consécutivement à la saturation en soufre du système. Ces sulfures d’origine essentiellement mantellique ont été probablement formés par injection de plusieurs magmas. Cependant une partie de ces sulfures aurait pu se former par l’assimilation des roches granulitiques encaissantes.La composition du liquide parent révèle une composition de basalte à forte teneur en MgO et faible teneur en Ti et suggère que les intrusions de Samapleu se sont formées par fusion du manteau supérieur sous l’influence d'un panache mantellique. Ainsi, lors de leurs remontées, le magma a assimilé les roches granulites encaissantes environnantes. / The Yacouba layered complex intrudes the archean (3.6-2.78 Ga) Man field in the Biankouma-Sipilou area, western Ivory Coast. In Samapleu area, the complex is composed of three entities; Samapleu Main (SM); Samapleu Extension 1 (E1) and Yorodougou (Yo). It includes websterites, peridotites, chromitites, norites, gabbro-norites horizons. These horizons (total thickness of 80 to 200 m) inclined at 70-80° to the SE; arranged symmetrically with mafic layers at the center and ultramafic layers at both margins, are features of a dyke ; show a root more than 600 m from the surface with a junction intrusion (SM, E1) in more depth.At the E1 site, contacts of intrusions with the country rock gneiss are characterized by a hybrid zone (condition P = 7.5±1Kbar and T = 850°C ± 100°C) attributed to contact metamorphism during intrusion of the complex in the lower crust at a depth of about 22 km. Zircons in country rock gneisses and granulites, as well as in the hybrid facies, yield archean ages of ~ 2.78 Ga. Rutiles in the hybrid zone give a U-Pb age of 2.09 Ga, which is interpreted as the age of contact metamorphism and emplacement of the intrusion.The Ni-Cu mineralization (disseminated mainly with subvertical and semi-massive to massive sulfide veins) is composed of pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and rare pyrite. The SM and E1 sites contain Ni and Cu sulfide deposit with reserves estimated as more than 40 million tons grading 0.25% Ni and 0.22% Cu in the upper portion (Sama Nickel-CI, August 2013). The sulfide textures range from matrix ore, net-textured, droplets or breccia textures. Zones enriched in PGM, particularly Pd, are associated with the sulfides and several chromite bands are also present. These observations suggest that an immiscible sulfide liquid formed from a parental silicate liquid and percolated through the crystal pile. These sulfides mainly mantle origin were probably formed by injecting several magmas. However few of these sulfides may have formed by the assimilation of country rocks.The parental melt composition has a basalt rich MgO and low Ti and suggest Samapleu intrusions were formed by melting of the upper mantle under the influence of a mantle plume. Thus, during its ascent, magma has assimilated the granulites country rocks.

Evidence from self-reports and laboratory studies suggests that recall of nontrauma autobiographical memories may be disturbed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but investigations in everyday life are sparse. This study investigated unintentional nontrauma and trauma memories in trauma survivors with and without PTSD (N = 52), who kept an autobiographical memory diary for a week. We investigated whether unintentional nontrauma memories show an overgeneral memory bias and further memory abnormalities in people with PTSD, and whether unintentional trauma memories show distinct features. Compared to the no-PTSD group, the PTSD group recorded fewer nontrauma memories, which were more overgeneral, more often from before the trauma or related to the trauma, were perceived as distant, and led to greater dwelling. Trauma memories were more vivid, recurrent, and present and led to greater suppression and dwelling. Within the PTSD group, the same features distinguished trauma and nontrauma memories. Results are discussed regarding theories of autobiographical memory and PTSD.

A belt of Early Proterozoic rocks crops out in the Cottonwood Cliffs area, northwest Arizona. The belt contains an eastern and a western assemblage separated by the Slate Mountain fault. The western assemblage consists of mafic to felsic metavolcanic rocks, metapelites, and metaconglomerates. The eastern assemblage consists of phyllites, felsic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks, metagraywackes, and metagabbro bodies. The belt is bounded to the east by foliated granodiorite. The Valentine granite intruded the belt on the west and north. Steeply-plunging lineations and fold axes, and northeast-trending vertical foliation dominate the structural fabric. The regional elongation direction is near-vertical, as indicated by mineral and pebble lineations, and is parallel to fold axes. Although only one deformational event is evident, the intensity of that event may have obliterated evidence of any earlier deformation. Tertiary basalts and the Peach Springs Tuff locally overly the metamorphic rocks. Cenozoic normal faults in the area are mostly of minor displacement.