O presente trabalho versa sobre o controle da atividade do árbitro. Parte-se da premissa de que o papel desempenhado pelo árbitro na condução do processo - denominado atividade do árbitro em contraposição ao resultado dessa atividade: a resposta jurisdicional - está sujeito a desvios. A assunção dessa função pode ser viciada, já que o exercício da arbitragem somente é admitido dentro de determinados limites e condicionado ao consentimento das partes. Da mesma forma, as providências adotadas pelo árbitro no curso do processo podem apresentar inconsistências em relação às disposições legais e contratuais a elas aplicáveis. Diante disso, investiga-se de que forma tais desvios podem ser controlados, estudando-se, para tanto, (i) os órgãos responsáveis por tal controle, (ii) o momento em que tal controle pode ocorrer, (iii) os mecanismos pelos quais tal controle é admitido, e (iv) os vícios na atividade que ensejam controle. / This paper addresses the control of arbitrators role in developing arbitration. It assumes that the role of the arbitrator in developing arbitration what contrasts with the role in deciding the case is subject to irregularities. The assumption of the arbitrators function can be irregular, as arbitration is authorized only within certain limits and conditions and if the parties agree with it. Besides, the steps taken in developing the arbitration might violate legal and contractual rules applied to it. Given that, this paper deals with how such irregularities can be controlled, analyzing (i) the courts responsible for such control, (ii) the moment when this control is allowed (iii) its legal remedies, and (iv) which irregularities authorize control.

Este trabalho utiliza uma metodologia simplificada de análise dinâmica para o estudo das vibrações em pontes ferroviárias, produzidas pela passagem de um trem de alta velocidade, associadas à presença de irregularidades nos trilhos. Iniciou-se o estudo a partir de um modelo do veículo composto por quinze graus de liberdade, referentes aos deslocamentos verticais e horizontais transversais, e rotações em torno dos eixos longitudinal, transversal e vertical. Os modelos dinâmicos do trem e da ponte foram tratados de forma desacoplada, sendo conectados pelas forças de interação trem-ponte. Desta forma, foram calculados os carregamentos provenientes da modelação dinâmica do trem, adotando-se inicialmente a hipótese de tabuleiro rígido e indeslocável e, ainda, considerando-se a presença de irregularidades geométricas nos trilhos no plano vertical. Neste trabalho, foi considerado um estudo de caso utilizando-se o modelo veicular Alfa Pendular, avaliando-se a resposta dinâmica do trem e da estrutura, considerando o efeito das irregularidades geométricas nos trilhos, bem como a presença do lastro. As forças de interação obtidas da modelagem do veículo foram aplicadas em um modelo estrutural de alta hierarquia da ponte, dividido em elementos finitos de casca, sendo que em cada nó do modelo da ponte foram especificados os esforços obtidos da análise dinâmica do veículo. Para representar a passagem do comboio sobre a ponte, foram utilizadas funções que descrevem as forças de interação trem-ponte em cada nó do modelo da ponte, em cada intervalo de tempo, até que todo o trem tenha percorrido o comprimento da ponte. A consideração de tabuleiro rígido indeslocável foi corrigida por meio de um processo iterativo, de forma que os deslocamentos do tabuleiro obtidos para a primeira determinação dos esforços de interação foram somados às irregularidades do trilho (excitação de suporte aplicada nas rodas do trem). Com isso, foi possível identificar a resposta dinâmica proveniente da carga em movimento e das irregularidades geométricas nos trilhos, avaliando o conforto dos passageiros no interior do vagão. Por fim, realizou-se uma análise de distribuição estatística para avaliar a probabilidade de se ultrapassar os limites estabelecidos pelo Eurocode. / This thesis resorts to a simplified methodology of dynamic analysis for the study of vibrations in railway bridges, produced by the passage of a high speed train, associated to the presence of irregularities in the rails. The study started from a vehicle model composed of fifteen degrees of freedom, namely, vertical and lateral displacements, and rotations about the longitudinal, lateral and vertical axes. The dynamic models of the train and the bridge were treated as uncoupled, yet being bound by the interaction train-bridge forces. Thus, the loads from the dynamic model of the train were calculated, adopting initially the hypothesis of rigid and fixed deck and also, considering the presence of geometric irregularities in the vertical track plane. In this work, we considered a case study using the Alfa Pendular vehicle model, evaluating the dynamic response of the train and the structure, considering the effect of the geometric irregularities at the tracks, as well as the presence of the ballast. The interaction forces obtained from the model of the vehicle were applied in a high hierarchy structural model of the bridge, divided into shell finite elements, specifying the forces obtained from the dynamic analysis of the vehicle at each node of the bridge model. To represent the train passage on the bridge, functions were used to describe the bridge-train interaction forces at each node of the bridge model at each time interval, until the entire train had travelled the bridge length. The consideration of rigid and fixed deck was corrected by means of an iterative process, so that the deck displacements obtained for a first determination of the interaction forces were added to the rail irregularities (excitation applied to the train wheels). Thus, it was possible to identify the dynamic response caused both by the moving loading and the geometrical irregularities of the tracks, evaluating the comfort of the passengers inside the wagon. Finally, a reliability study was carried out to evaluate the probability of exceeding the limits established by Eurocode.

Este trabalho trata do problema das vibrações induzidas em estruturas de concreto de pontes ferroviárias, produzidas pela passagem da composição de um TUE (Trem Unidade Elétrico) típico. Partiu-se de um modelo do veículo com nove graus de liberdade, referentes aos deslocamentos verticais e rotações em torno dos eixos longitudinal e transversal, introduzindo-se os graus de liberdade de deslocamentos transversais horizontais e rotações em torno do eixo vertical. Foram calculados os carregamentos provenientes do trem modelado sobre tabuleiro rígido indeslocável, considerando as irregularidades geométricas apresentadas nos trilhos e nas rodas, sendo diferenciada para cada linha de trilho. Estes carregamentos foram condensados estaticamente e aplicados em um modelo estrutural simplificado (unifilar) de uma ponte de seção celular, visando a identificar a resposta dinâmica proveniente das irregularidades geométricas. Finalmente, avalia-se a amplificação dinâmica, a qual é comparada com o valor do coeficiente de impacto prescrito na norma brasileira para projeto de pontes ferroviárias. / This dissertation discusses the problem of induced vibrations in concrete structures of railway bridges, produced by the passing of a typical composition of electric urban trains. It started from a vehicle model with nine degree-of-freedom, related to vertical displacements and rotations around the longitudinal and transverse axes, introducing the degrees-of-freedom of horizontal transverse displacements and rotations around the vertical axis. The trains loads applied to the bridge deck were evaluated, assuming initially a rigid structure under the board, considering the geometric irregularities present in rails and wheels and different for each rail line. These loads were statically reduced to the vehicle center of mass and applied to a simplified bridge structural model, aiming at identifying the dynamic response due to geometric irregularities. Finally the dynamic amplification is evaluated and compared to the value of the impact coefficient prescribed by the Brazilian Standards for design of railway bridges.

The casualty rate of road vehicle accidents in South Africa is one of the highest in the world. This trend has persisted with little variation over the years, despite the efforts of local road safety organisations and research institutions to decrease them. Some of these road vehicle accidents are due to a mechanical failure of the vehicle. The main goal of this study is to establish how high the incidence of mechanical failure is in these accidents. And further to assess if these percentages of mechanical failures do coincide with trends already indicated nationally as well as internationally. Detailed information on the condition of vehicles was collected in and around the Pretoria area. Surveys were conducted to obtain local road and traffic information about vehicle conditions. The one survey was defined as Potential Mechanical Defect Tests (PMDT) where vehicles were stopped and given a brief mechanical inspection, and the other was a Minibus Survey where information was obtained about the age of the vehicle and the overall condition and pressure of tyres. Additional information was obtained from the Accident Response Unit (ARU) and the Forensic Sciences Laboratories, both of the South African Police Services in Pretoria. The findings of the study are that according to the data collected by the ARU over a period of 2,5 years, on average 3,3% of the accidents reported per year in the region were caused by mechanical failures. These identified percentages correspond with values obtained for international countries. The PMDT data indicate that 40% of the vehicles surveyed in suburban areas and 29% of the vehicles surveyed on the highway had mechanical defects that contravened current road and traffic regulations. The difference between the percentages indicates that the condition of vehicles inspected in the suburban area differs significantly from the condition of those using the highway. In the Minibus Survey, large irregularities in tyre pressure were identified as cause for concern. In general, all of the above findings indicated that maintenance on older vehicles seemed to receive less attention. It is proposed that annual vehicle inspections should be introduced, especially for vehicles carrying fare-paying passengers, to improve road safety standards on South African roads. / Dissertation (M Eng (Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / unrestricted

The ability to measure the financial health of a company is becoming an increasingly serious issue. One only needs to think of the widely published irregularities in companies such as Enron, Parmalat and Macmed to grasp something of the magnitude of the losses and other problems that investors can face if they do not have the ability to “predict” possible problems. There are individuals who are constantly identifying new and ingenious ways to deceive their customers, investors, the government and others. It is important for parties with an interest in a company to devise new ways to identify how financial analyses can be used to protect their interests. Managers are primarily responsible for the prevention and identification of accounting irregularities. Unfortunately, at the same time, they may also be assumed to be the primary perpetrators of accounting irregularities, because they are in a position to manipulate accounting records and bypass control measures more easily than anyone else in a company. The main aim of this study is to determine whether financial analysis and interpretation can be applied by interested parties to measure financial health and by implication identify accounting irregularities. Proof that this is possible has the potential to be used in analyses, by all parties with an interest in a company, to determine financial health and to identify irregularities in the financial statements. The study begins with a literature review, which provides an explanation of accounting irregularities and related matters, as well as an overview of previous uses of financial analyses to determine whether such analyses are useful in the identification of irregularities in the financial statements.   The objectives of the study are as follows: <ul> <li> An investigation into the characteristics, as identified by researchers locally and abroad, that are displayed by companies with a higher risk of or occurrence of accounting irregularities.</li> <li> A survey of the media by means of a literature review to identify case study companies that had allegations of accounting irregularities against them.</li> <li> The analysis of the case study companies in a quantitative and qualitative way to determine whether the characteristics that are identified as part of the first objective hold true in practice.</li> <li> Statistical analyses of the share price data of the case study companies in the form of an event study, a regression analysis and a structural break analysis to determine when and under what circumstances significant changes happened.</li> <li> Conduct a survey involving the creators and the users of financial statements in order to observe their experience regarding the usefulness of financial statements to reveal financial health. This is done by means of questionnaires that are analysed statistically, designed to derive conclusions of what practitioners tend to experience in practice and what their feelings are regarding the use of financial statements and accounting data in an analysis of the financial health of a company.</li></ul> On the basis of the case studies, nine of 18 identified characteristics were found to be useful in the identification of accounting irregularities by parties other than managers. They are: 1. company age; 2. company culture; 3. debt levels; 4. directors’ behaviour and character; 5. financial distress; 6. industry or sector; 7. liquidity; 8. management’s behaviour and character; and 9. remuneration policies. A further eight additional characteristics were also identified as useful in the identification of accounting irregularities. They are: 1. acquisitions, mergers and other restructuring; 2. dividends; 3. opposite movements from the industry or sector; 4. period before irregularities are detected; 5. “preparing” interested parties for the annual report; 6. share price changes; 7. significant changes; and 8. tax. The results of the review of the companies’ financial information are supplemented with a statistical analysis of the companies’ share price data as well as a questionnaire that are submitted to the users and compilers of financial statements. The aim of the first statistical analysis, consisting of event studies, regression analyses and structural break analyses, is to support the findings regarding the characteristics of companies with increased risk of accounting irregularities. The questionnaire set out to relate the subjective opinions of the users and compilers of financial statements with the findings of the study. The results of the study provide proof that interested parties have the ability to use the identified company characteristics to indicate increased accounting irregularity risk. / Thesis (DCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Financial Management / unrestricted

Plasma turbulence associated with the creation of an artificial dust layer in the earth's ionosphere is investigated. The Charged Aerosol Release Experiment (CARE) aims to understand the mechanisms for enhanced radar scatter from plasma irregularities embedded in dusty plasmas in space. Plasma irregularities embedded in a artificial dusty plasma in space may shed light on understanding the mechanism for enhanced radar scatter in Noctilucent Clouds (NLCs) and Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSEs) in the earth's mesosphere. Artificially created, charged-particulate layers also have strong impact on radar scatter as well as radio signal propagation in communication and surveillance systems. The sounding rocket experiment was designed to develop theories of radar scatter from artificially created plasma turbulence in charged dust particle environment. Understanding plasma irregularities embedded in a artificial dusty plasma in space will also contribute to addressing possible effects of combustion products in rocket/space shuttle exhaust in the ionosphere. In dusty space plasmas, plasma irregularities and instabilities can be generated during active dust aerosol release experiments. Small scale irregularities (several tens of centimeter to meters) and low frequency waves (in the ion/dust scale time in the order of second) are studied in this work, which can be measured by High Frequency (HF), Very High Frequency (VHF) and Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radars. The existence of dust aerosol particles makes computational modeling of plasma irregularities extremely challenging not only because of multiple spatial and temporal scale issue but also due to complexity of dust aerosol particles. This work will provide theoretical and computational models to study plasma irregularities driven by dust aerosol release for the purpose of designing future experiments with combined ground radar, optical and in-situ measurement. In accordance with linear analysis, feasible hybrid computational models are developed to study nonlinear evolution of plasma instabilities in artificially created dusty space plasmas. First of all, the ion acoustic (IA) instability and dust acoustic (DA) instability in homogenous unmagnetized plasmas are investigated by a computational model using a Boltzmann electron assumption. Such acoustic-type instabilities are attributed to the charged dust and ion streaming along the geomagnetic field. Secondly, in a homogenous magnetized dusty plasma, lower-hybrid (LH) streaming instability will be generated by dust streaming perpendicular to the background geomagnetic field. The magnetic field effect on lower-hybrid streaming instabilities is investigated by including the ratio of electron plasma frequency and electron gyro frequency in this model. The instability in weakly magnetized circumstances agree well with that for the ion acoustic (IA) instability by a Boltzmann model. Finally, in an inhomogeneous unmagnetized/magnetized dust boundary layer, possible instabilities will be addressed, including dust acoustic (DA) wave due to flow along the boundary and lower-hybrid (LH) sheared instability due to flow cross the boundary. With applications to active rocket experiments, plasma irregularity features in a linear/nonlinear saturated stage are characterized and predicted. Important parameters of the dust aerosol clouds that impact the evolution of waves will be also discussed for upcoming dust payload generator design. These computational models, with the advantage of following nonlinear wave-particle interaction, could be used for space dusty plasmas as well as laboratory dusty plasmas. / Ph. D.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans la lignée des travaux sur la prédiction du champ électromagnétique réfléchi par les bâtiments en milieu urbain. Nous avons développé une méthode de prédiction basée sur la Surface Équivalente Radar (SER) pour le traitement spécifique des bâtiments situés en zone lointaine. Contrairement aux méthodes classiques de lancer et le tracé de rayons où les réflexions sont traitées rayons par rayons, notre approche utilise la SER global d'un ensemble de bâtiments pour décrire la réflectivité des scènes. Le champ électrique est ensuite reconstruit au point de réception à partir de cette SER. La méthode de calcul est analytique et essentiellement basée sur la combinaison de l'optique géométrique (OG) et du calcul de l'intégrale de Kirchhoff-Huygens. Les interactions multiples de l'onde entre les bâtiments sont également prises en compte dans le modèle proposé. Les résultats obtenus en termes de précision de prédiction dans les directions spéculaires et non-spéculaires sont très satisfaisants. Les temps de calcul n'excédent pas 5 secondes pour les scénarios les plus complexes simulés ; ils permettent ainsi de réduire les temps de calcul et de surmonter les contraintes en place mémoire lors de l'étude d'une scène urbaine. Dans une seconde étude, l'influence des irrégularités des façades sur le champ électromagnétique diffracté a été évaluée. Nous utilisons la méthode des moments (MoM) bidimensionnelles (2D) pour résoudre de façon rigoureuse le problème de diffraction lié à trois types de façades : façade plane, façade corruguée et façade avec des balcons. A partir de la distribution du champ diffracté en zone proche et des diagrammes de rayonnement des façades en zone lointaine, nous décrivons les différents mécanismes de diffraction qui s'y produisent et les directions de réflexion prépondérantes sont données pour chacune des façades. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse s'inscrivent dans le cadre du projet ANR OP2H (Outil de Prédiction par navigation Hiérarchique et Homogénéisation de matériaux) / The motivation of this dissertation is to propose an efficient approach for the prediction of the electromagnetic field scattered from a set of buildings in urban area. Unlike the ray tracing and ray lanching methods where the reflection mechanics are treated building by building, the proposed approach uses the radar cross section (RCS) as a global quantity to describe the reflection by a set of buildings and to predict the scattered field at the receiver position. An analytical expression is obtained to model building scattering using the vector form of Kirchhoff-Huygens integral and the geometrical optics (GO) method, and the multiple reflections between building facades are taken into account. The model is applied on various buildings configurations and accurate results are obtained in the predominant scattering directions with simulation times inferior to five seconds for the most complex scenarios. Since our approach is compatible to the classical methods based on ray techniques or the radiation of surface currents, it can be useful to accelerate the existing softwares. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the study of the influence of building facade irregularities such as balconies. As the complexity of these facades is incompatible with the use of asymptotic methods, the rigorous method of moments (MoM) has been chosen to determine the scattered field from these façades. The field distribution in the near zone of the facades as well as the radiation patterns in the far zone have been considered. It appears that single and second order reflections are the main scattering mechanisms for these facades. We also show that from a certain distance from the facade, the corrugated facade can be used as a simplified equivalent model for the facade with balconies. This thesis is supported by the French ANR project OP2H

Bakgrund: Visselblåsarsystem införs nu för företag inom EU. EU ser ett behov för ett ökat skydd för visselblåsare och EU kommissionen fastslog 16e april 2019 ett direktiv som innebär att säkra kanaler för rapportering av visselblåsarärenden skall finnas för alla företag med fler än 50 anställda. Att minimera risker för ekonomiska oegentligheter är en nyckelfråga för företag och som visselblåsarsystem förväntas bidra till. Mutor, bokföringsbrott och bedrägerier kan påverka trovärdigheten i företagens redovisning och om brott förekommer och uppdagas kan företagets existens stå på spel. Allvarliga konsekvenser kan vara att investerare och aktieägare förlorar insatt kapital och anställda kan förlora sina arbeten. Intern styrning och kontroll påverkar företagets arbete för att uppfylla målen för effektivitet och produktivitet i verksamheten, tillförlitlig finansiell rapportering samt efterlevnad av tillämpliga lagar och regler. En aspekt som bidrar till ett säkrare kontrollarbete är när medarbetare och andra intressenter tryggt kan larma vid misstanke om ekonomisk brottslighet och andra oegentligheter. Syfte: Denna rapport syftar till att beskriva om införandet av ett visselblåsarsystem kan bidra till att minimera risker för ekonomisk brottslighet och bidra i företagets arbete med intern styrning och kontroll. Metod: Det empiriska materialet som har samlats in i studien har gjorts med en kvalitativ metod och 10 personer har intervjuats med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Informanterna har kunskap kring visselblåsning och förebyggande av ekonomisk brottslighet. Analys och Slutsats: Analysen pekar på att ett visselblåsarsystem kan bidra till företagets arbete med intern styrning och kontroll och till en korrekt redovisning och säkrare rapportering av företagets resultat, framförallt förebyggande genom att upptäcka oegentligheter i ett tidigt skede. Flertalet informanter belyste även vikten av företagskultur och dess påverkan på visselblåsarsystemets effektivitet. / Background: Whistleblowing systems are now being introduced within EU on a broad scale. April 16th, 2019 the European Parliament approved an EU Whistleblower Protection Directive. The new law must be transformed to national law by the member states, and legal entities with 50 employees or more must get ready to comply with the new law. Minimizing risks of financial irregularities is a key issue for companies and where a whistleblower system is expected to contribute. Bribes, accounting offenses and fraud can affect the credibility of corporate accounts and if a crime is discovered, the company's existence could be at stake. Serious consequences may be that investors and shareholders lose their capital and employees can lose their jobs. Internal control systems are present to fulfill the goals for efficiency and productivity in the business, reliable financial reporting and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Models for internal control prescribes that employees and other stakeholders must be able to safely warn about suspicion of financial crime. Purpose: In this report we analyze if the introduction of a whistleblower system can help to minimize the risks of financial crime and contribute to the company's work with internal control. Method: The empirical material used in the study has been collected with a qualitative method and 10 people have been interviewed with semi-structured interviews. The respondents work in various ways close to whistleblowing with knowledge about prevention of economic crime. Analysis and Conclusion: The analysis indicates that a whistleblower system can contribute to the company's work with internal control and to a correct accounting and safer reporting of the company's results, especially in a preventive stage. Most respondents also highlighted the importance of corporate culture and its impact on the whistleblower system's efficiency.

Tanenbaum, Trenk, and Fishburn introduced the concept of linear discrepancy in 2001, proposing it as a way to measure a partially ordered set's distance from being a linear order. In addition to proving a number of results about linear discrepancy, they posed eight challenges and questions for future work. This dissertation completely resolves one of those challenges and makes contributions on two others. This dissertation has three principal components: 3-discrepancy irreducible posets of width 3, degree bounds, and online algorithms for linear discrepancy. The first principal component of this dissertation provides a forbidden subposet characterization of the posets with linear discrepancy equal to 2 by completing the determination of the posets that are 3-irreducible with respect to linear discrepancy. The second principal component concerns degree bounds for linear discrepancy and weak discrepancy, a parameter similar to linear discrepancy. Specifically, if every point of a poset is incomparable to at most D other points of the poset, we prove three bounds: the linear discrepancy of an interval order is at most D, with equality if and only if it contains an antichain of size D; the linear discrepancy of a disconnected poset is at most the greatest integer less than or equal to (3D-1)/2; and the weak discrepancy of a poset is at most D. The third principal component of this dissertation incorporates another large area of research, that of online algorithms. We show that no online algorithm for linear discrepancy can be better than 3-competitive, even for the class of interval orders. We also give a 2-competitive online algorithm for linear discrepancy on semiorders and show that this algorithm is optimal.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:15:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoYLCC.pdf: 1891236 bytes, checksum: 8ace5aade037fc65d63b7016813f90c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Satellites signals present disturbances (scintillations), due to presence of irregularities in the ionospheric plasma. In the present work, we dedicate to the study of the attenuation of these scintillations that is, an improvement in the signal, during the main magnetic storm phase during the period of October 2006 to February 2007. Using amplitude of scintillation 1.5GHz (L1) data of the net of satellites GPS, in the ionospheric station of Natal (5.84o S, 35.20o O, -20o dip) and geomagnetic indices, during the minimum solar cycle (referred to as cycle 23), demonstrating its anti-correlation between magnetic activity (Kp) and index of scintillation (<S4>) (Bonelli2005 method, that works for solar maximum, Bonelli(2005)). These results show that these storms correspond to category I of Aarons (1991). The magnetic storms can generate irregularities when the electric feld of penetration eastward on the pre-reversal hour intensificating that and can too generate irregularities on midnight and sunlight period. The limitation of the method applied here is that it is not considering some storms that had also occurred during equinox and summer in the Brazilian region. For this reason, we will use additional data of the stations of S?o Jo?o de Cariri (Imager and Photometer) and of the station at Fortaleza (Digissonde data), as aid to analyze these storms. The storms that had been left out by the applied method, fit in the other two categories of Aarons, with one only exception (storm of January, 02). We show that in the day of the main phase of the magnetic storm, and with presence of bubbles (according to data of the Imager and Photometer), the speed of vertical drift ~E ~B (hF=t) is below 20m/s, that is the threshold found for Anderson al., (2004) (>20m/s as condition favorable to the formation of irregularities and increase in the scintillation index). This reduction of the speed is due to solar minimum / Sinais de sat?lites apresentam perturba??es (cintila??es), devido ? presen?a de irregularidades no plasma ionosf?rico. No presente trabalho, dedicamo-nos ao estudo da atenua??o dessas cintila??es ou seja, uma melhoria no sinal, durante a fase principal de tempestades magn?ticas presentes no per?odo de outubro 2006 a fevereiro 2007. Usando-se dados de cintila??es na amplitude de sinais de 1.5GHz da rede de sat?lites de GPS, na esta??o ionosf?rica de Natal (5.84o S, 35.20o O, -20o dip) e ?ndices geomagn?ticos, durante o m?nimo do ciclo solar que acaba de terminar (denominado ciclo 23), demostrando-se a anticorrela??o entre atividade magn?tica (Kp) e o ?ndice de cintila??o S4, que ? uma medida das cintila??es na amplitude do sinal de um sat?lite (m?todo Bonelli2005, que foi comprovado para per?odos de m?ximo solar), isto quando a fase principal da tempestade magn?tica acontece durante horas de dia local. Encontra-se, que estas tempestades correspondem ? categoria I de Aarons (1991). As tempestades magn?ticas podem gerar irregularidades quando o campo el?trico de penetra??o ? para leste na hora do pico pr?-revers?o ao intensificando-o e tamb?m podem gerar irregularidades no per?odo entre meia noite e o amanhecer. A limita??o do m?todo aplicado ? que n?o considera algumas tempestades que tamb?m ocorreram durante este per?odo de equin?cio e ver?o na regi?o brasileira. Ent?o, utiliza-se dados adicionais das esta??es de S?o Jo?o de Cariri-PB (Imageador All Sky e Fot?metro) e da esta??o de Fortaleza-CE (dados de digisonda), para analisar estas tempestades. As tempestades que foram deixadas de fora pelo m?todo aplicado, encaixam-se nas outras duas categorias de Aarons, com uma ?nica exce??o (tempestade do 02 de Janeiro). Mostramos que no dia da fase principal, e com presen?a de bolhas (segundo os dados do Imageador e Fot?metro), a velocidade de deriva vertical E ~B ( h F= t) est?o abaixo de 20m/s, que ? o limiar encontrado por Anderson et al., v (2004) (>20m/s como condi??o favor?vel ? forma??o de irregularidades e aumento no ?ndice de cintila??o). Esta diminui??o da velocidade ? devido ao m?nimo solar