The purpose of this study was to examine the hormonal response to acute ethanol ingestion following a bout of heavy resistance exercise in women. Eight resistance trained women completed two identical acute heavy resistance exercise tasks (AHRET). From 10-20 minutes post-AHRET, participants consumed either a grain ethanol or a placebo beverage. Blood was collected before (PRE) and immediately after the AHRET (IP) and then every 20 minutes for five hours. Blood collected after beverage ingestion was pooled into 3 batches (phases: 20-40 minutes, 60-120 minutes, and 140-300 minutes post-exercise) and analyzed for serum total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), human growth hormone (GH), cortisol (COR), and estradiol (E2) concentrations. Circulating concentrations of TT were significantly greater at P20-40 than at PRE, P60-120, and P140-300. Circulating concentrations of FT were significantly greater at P20-40 than at all other times. Circulating concentrations of GH were significantly greater at IP than at PRE, P60-120, and P140-300. Circulating concentrations of COR were significantly greater at P20-40 than at all other times. Additionally, COR concentrations at P140-300 were significantly lower than at all other times. Circulating concentrations of IGF-1 were significantly greater at P20-40 than at P60-120 and P140-300. Circulating concentrations of E2 were significantly greater at P20-40 than at all other times. In summary, the present study demonstrated an acute modulation of the neuroendocrine milieu following a heavy resistance exercise bout in women. Ethanol ingestion appeared to have no significant effect on the characteristics of acute hormonal augmentation in TT, FT, GH, COR, IGF-1, or E2.

Thesis (MSc (Physiological Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / This study aimed to assess the effect of mild psychological stress in male Wistar rats using incremental, intermittent stress on parameters of atrophy, including body mass, soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle mass, and mechanisms possibly contributing to atrophy. Serum corticosterone concentrations, 20s proteasome activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) and tyrosine amino-transferase (TAT) activities were determined. I also assessed whether Sutherlandia (Su) or resistance exercise was able to reverse the effects of stress on any of these parameters.

Thesis (MScSportSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of the study was to measure the responses of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients to an exercise programme in a South Africa setting. Nine subjects were evaluated before and after aerobic and resistance training three times a week for the total of 12 weeks. Each evaluation measured forced expiratory lung function; health-related quality of life; functional capacity; level of dyspnea; body composition; physician global evaluation; and the patient global evaluation. The exercise programme consisted of one-hour exercise sessions, three times a week for 12 weeks. The exercise sessions included elements of aerobic and resistance training of the upper and lower extremities. Functional capacity improved drastically (p < 0.01), as did the physician and the patient global evaluations (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). Levels of dyspnea also improved (p < 0.01). Health-related quality of life improved marginally (p = 0.03). No significant change was noted in lung function and body composition. The study concluded that an exercise programme consisting of aerobic and resistance training improves chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients' health-related quality of life, functional capacity and levels of dyspnea. Exercise also reduces the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as are perceived by the physician and patient alike. Exercise does not change lung function or body composition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Exercise in conjunction with appropriate medical treatment has the potential to benefit all chronic obstructive patients in South Africa. Keywords: COPD, quality oflife, functional capacity, rehabilitation, exercise. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om die reaksies te meet van pasiënte met chroniese obstruktiewe pulmonêre siekte op 'n oefenprogram in 'n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Nege proefpersone is voor en na aërobiese en weerstandsoefening drie keer per week vir 'n totaal van 12 weke geëvalueer. Elke evaluering het die volgende gemeet: geforseerde ekspiratoriese longfunksie, gesondheidsverwante lewenskwalitiet, funksionele kapasiteit; dispneevlak, liggaamsamestelling; geneesheer algehele evaluering asook pasiënt algehele evaluering. Die oefenprogram het uit een-uur sessies bestaan, wat drie keer per week vir 12 weke plaasgevind het. Die oefensessies het elemente van aërobiese en weerstandsoefeninge van die boonste en onderste ledemate ingesluit. Funksionele kapasiteit het drasties verbeter (p < 0.01), net so ook die geneesheer en pasiënt algehele evaluerings (p < 0.01 en p < 0.01, respektiewelik). Dispneevlakke het ook verbeter (p < 0.01). Gesondheidsverwante lewenskwaliteit het marginaal verbeter (p = 0.03). Geen beduidende veranderinge is in die longfunksie en liggaamsamestelling gevind nie. Die studie het bevind dat 'n oefenprogram wat uit aërobiese en weerstandsoefening bestaan gesondheidsverwante lewenskwaliteit, funksionele kapasiteit asook dispneevlakke van pasiënte met chroniese obstruktiewe pulmonêre siekte verbeter. Oefening verminder ook die simptome van chroniese obstruktiewe pulmonêre siekte soos waargeneem deur beide die geneesheer en pasiënt. Oefening verander ook nie longfunksie of liggaamsamestelling van pasiënte met chroniese obstruktiewe pulmonêre siekte nie. Oefening tesame met die geskikte mediese behandeling kan voordelig wees vir chronies obstruktiewe pasiënte in Suid- Afrika. Keywords: KOPS, lewenskwaliteit, funksionele kapasiteit, rehabilitasie, oefening.

Hong Wai Lin. / "July 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-211) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-03T20:18:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMOG.pdf: 3815128 bytes, checksum: a305cc3a8a6cf8b7150affed91a59516 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T14:33:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMOG.pdf: 3815128 bytes, checksum: a305cc3a8a6cf8b7150affed91a59516 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T14:33:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMOG.pdf: 3815128 bytes, checksum: a305cc3a8a6cf8b7150affed91a59516 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T14:34:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMOG.pdf: 3815128 bytes, checksum: a305cc3a8a6cf8b7150affed91a59516 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The first study aimed to verify the relationship between baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and carotid intima media thickness (IMT) considering a large set of SBR values. 56 men aged between 40-65 years were divided into 3 groups: healthy (H, n = 19), patients with coronary artery disease (CAD, n = 18) and CAD patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 (CAD-DM, n = 19). The BRS was evaluated in supine (SUP) and standing (STAND) positions through time domain, spectral and cross-spectral and closed-loop model based approaches. The IMT was evaluated over the right and left common carotid arteries. We conclude that the relationship between IMT and BRS is maintained even when considering a wide range of BRS values, supporting the idea that a noninvasive BRS estimate could be used to track modifications in cardiac baroreflex control. The second study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular (CV) responses during submaximal isometric contractions (handgrip) performed in different postures. 30 men aged 40-65 years were divided into 2 groups: healthy (H, n = 15) and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD, n = 15). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) were measured at rest (BASELINE), exercise peak (PEAK) and in the 1st (REC1) and 9th (REC9) minute of recovery. The subjects performed four submaximal handgrip contractions at 15, 30, 45 and 60% of maximum voluntary contraction performed in supine (SUP), seated (SEAT) and STAND positions. In conclusion, lower CV stress was observed in SUP for the H group while the CAD group had a worse exercise position responsiveness when compared to the H group regarding SBP, DBP and PVR. So, the general conclusion is that there is an inverse relationship between BRS and IMT and its relationship is dependent of the method used to calculate BRS and, regarding the CV responses to isometric exercise, the supine posture promotes low CV stress in healthy subjects while the CAD group has higher SBP peak and worse exercise position responsiveness regarding SBP, DBP and PVR. / Essa tese constou de dois estudos. O Estudo I teve como objetivo verificar se existe relação entre a sensibilidade barorreflexa (SBR) e o espessamento da camada médiaíntima (EMI) da artéria carótida quando se considera um conjunto de dados, com grande variedade de valores, incluindo aqueles com SBR muito baixa advindos de sujeitos com controle baroreflexo reduzido. Cinquenta e seis homens com idade entre 40 e 65 anos foram alocados em 3 grupos: saudáveis (SAU, n=19), pacientes com doença arterial coronariana (DAC, n=18) e pacientes com DAC e diabetes mellitus (DM) do tipo 2 (DAC-DM, n=19). A SBR foi avaliada nas posições supina (SUP) e ortostática (ORTO) e estimada a partir de uma série de métodos incluindo domínio do tempo, técnicas espectrais e espectrais cruzadas e abordagem baseada em circuito fechado. O EMI foi avaliado nas artérias carótidas comum direita e esquerda. Concluímos que a relação entre o EMI e a SBR se mantém mesmo quando se considera ampla gama de valores de SBR, suportando a idéia que a estimativa não invasiva da SBR poderia ser utilizada para controlar alterações do controle baroreflexo cardíaco. Na sequência, o Estudo II objetivou investigar as respostas cardiovasculares (CV) durante diferentes percentuais de contrações isométricas submáximas (handgrip) realizadas em diferentes posições. Trinta homens com idade entre 40 e 65 anos foram alocados em 2 grupos: saudáveis (SAU, n=15) e pacientes com doença arterial coronariana (DAC, n=15). A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), frequência cardíaca (FC) e resistência vascular periférica (RVP) foram mensuradas durante repouso (REP), pico do exercício (PICO) e no 1º (REC1) e 9º (REC9) minuto da recuperação. Os sujeitos realizaram quatro contrações submáximas: 15, 30, 45 and 60% da contração voluntária máxima nas posições supina (SUP), sentada (SENT) e ortostática (ORTO). Concluímos que a postura SUP gerou menor estresse CV nos saudáveis enquanto que o grupo DAC apresentou uma menor responsividade às diferentes posturas em relação à PAS, PAD e RVP. Desta forma, a conclusão geral desta tese é que existe uma relação inversamente proporcional entre a SBR e o EMI da artéria carótida que é dependente do método utilizado para o cálculo da SBR e, em relação às respostas CV ao exercício isométrico, a postura supino promove menor estresse CV nos saudáveis enquanto que o grupo DAC apresenta maiores valores de pico de PAS e tem menor responsividade às diferentes posturas em relação à PAS, PAD e RVP.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:19:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissACMT.pdf: 1392039 bytes, checksum: 926f2b2018080b0482855c9db1232aa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-26 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eccentric strength training (ST) on autonomic control of heart rate (HR) evaluated at rest and during isometric exercise. Nine healthy men (62 ±2 years old) were submitted to 12 weeks of ST for knee extensors and flexors muscles (2x/week, 2-4 series of 8-12 repetitions, 70-80% of eccentric peak torque). Before and after the ST, the HR and its variability were evaluated at rest (supine and seated conditions) and during the sub-maximal isometric contractions (SIC; 15, 30 and 40% of maximal voluntary contraction) of knee extension wich were performed during 240s or until exhaustion. The HR was obtained at pre- (60s), during and post SIC (120s). Then, the variation (&#8710;) between the resting HR and HR at 10, 30, 60s and end of contraction observed during each SIC was analyzed. The HR variability was evaluated by the RMSSD index, which was determined in resting condition and during SIC (i.e., two windows of 30s in duration at the beginning and end of R-R interval data). The ANOVA two-way (repeated measures) and t-test was utilized for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). The ST increased the eccentric torque (extension: 210 ± 38 to 252.7 ± 61 N.m, flexion: 117.6 ± 25.1 to 133 ± 27.3 N.m) , but did not change the HR and HR variability at rest (HR supine: 62 ± 11 to 65 ± 9 bpm, HR seated: 62 ± 11 to 66 ± 9, RMSSD supine: 28.5 ± 18 to 21.5 ± 8.4, RMSSD seated: 30.4 ± 2 to 18.9 ± 6.2). The ST did not modify the isometric peak torque (177.6 ± 25 to 195.2 ± 31,2 N.m) and the time of execution of each SIC (15%: 240 to 240s, 30%: 203.4 ± 55 to 218 ± 5s, 40%: 135.6 ± 56.7 to 144.6 ± 55.6s). During the SIC, the pattern of HR response (significative increase in &#8710;HR from 30s to the end of contraction in 15 and 40%) and the RMSSD index (significative decrease from the first 30s to the last 30s of contraction in all levels of effort) was similar for the pre- and post training. Despite the ST increased the eccentric torque, it did not generate changes in the autonomic control of heart rate at rest and during the SIC. / The aging process is marked by several physiological changes, and the reduction in muscle strength is very important one. In order to minimize this force decline there are recommendations for using resistance training for elderly persons. Some studies available in the literature state that the eccentric contraction would be more suitable for the elderly, since it generates less cardiovascular overload during the exercise. However, the chronic effect of the eccentric strength training (EST) on the heart rate (HR) autonomic modulation is unclear. So, the aim of the first study was to investigate whether the EST changes HR and heart rate variability (HRV) during submaximal isometric contractions (SIC). This study included 17 volunteers who form divided into two groups: training group (9 men, 62 ± 2 years) and control group (8 men, 64 ± 4 years). The results indicate that although this type of training improves eccentric strength, the EST does not have any effect sufficient to promote changes in the autonomic control of HR during isometric exercise. Another important factor to consider is the increase in incidence of cardiovascular disease that occurs with aging. Furthermore, there are modifications of autonomic control of HR related to ageing that are detected by the reduction in HRV and changes in the complexity of physiological dynamics. Based on these considerations the aim of the second study was to verify whether changes in HR modulation, caused by the aging process, can be detected by the Shannon entropy (SE), conditional entropy (CE) and symbolic analysis (SA). In this study were evaluated 21 elderly (63 ± 3 years) and 21 young (23 ± 2 years). Elderly present distributions of patterns in HRV that are similar to young subjects. However, the patterns are more repetitive, thus reducing the complexity. This decrease of complexity comes from the increased presence of stable patterns and a decreased presence of highly variable patterns. This difference indicates that apparently healthy older subjects have a marked unbalance in autonomic regulation. The results of the second study indicate that non-linear approaches might be helpful to better characterize the changes on the autonomic control of HR in the aging process.

<p><strong>Syfte och frågeställningar </strong></p><p>Studiens syfte var att undersöka om utförandet av en isometrisk bålstabiliseringsövning/coreövning kunde påverka upplevelsen av smärta i nacke, axlar och skuldror hos kvinnor med kronisk/långvarig idiopatisk smärta. Studiens frågeställningar var: Hur påverkar utförandet av övningen ”plankan” upplevelsen av smärta i nacke, axlar och skuldror hos deltagarna? Förändras den maximala uthålligheten i övningen mellan deltagarnas första och sista träningstillfälle? Kan interventionen fullföljas av deltagarna?</p><p><strong>Metod </strong></p><p>Fyra kvinnliga deltagare som alla hade kronisk/långvarig smärta i nacke, axlar eller skuldror utförde övningen ”plankan” som hemträningsövning under fyra veckors tid. Mängden träning dokumenterades i en träningsdagbok som deltagarna kontinuerligt fyllde i under träningsperioden. Före samt inom en vecka efter träningsperioden ifylldes en enkät med frågor om upplevd intensitet, frekvens och lokalisation av smärta. Dessutom mättes maximal uthållighet i övningen ”plankan”.</p><p><strong>Resultat </strong></p><p>Efter träningsperioden uppskattade alla deltagare med smärta i nacken en förbättring med 1-3 skalsteg i en sammanslagning av alla frågor rörande smärta i nacke. Detta innebar<strong> </strong>att förändringen mellan deltagarnas svar i före- och efterenkäten, där skalan 0-10 användes, slogs samman till ett värde. Smärta i axlarna skattades som markant förbättrad av två deltagare samt som något försämrad respektive inte förändrad av två deltagare. Endast en deltagare uppskattade sig ha smärta i skuldrorna och ingen skillnad i uppskattningen sågs mellan före- och efterenkäten. Maximal uthållighet i övningen mellan första och sista träningstillfället ökade statistiskt signifikant för alla deltagare mätt i både procent och sekunder.</p><p><strong>Slutsats</strong></p><p>Resultatet i studien tyder på att övningen kan genomföras av individer med långvarig idiopatisk smärta i nacke, axlar och skuldror utan att ökad upplevd smärta eller andra obehag uppstår samt att den maximala uthålligheten i övningen ökar genom att övningen utförs. Hur många gånger övningen måste utföras för att ge resultat på uthållighet är oklart. Trots att flera deltagare upplevde minskad smärta efter träningsperioden så kan inga slutsatser tas då deltagarantalet var litet och resultatet för interventionsgruppen inte jämförts med en kontrollgrupp. Stora variationer i utförandet av hemträningen förekom bland deltagarna och flera faktorer utöver träningsövningen kan ha påverkat förändringen i smärtupplevelse.</p>

Syfte och frågeställningar Studiens syfte var att undersöka om utförandet av en isometrisk bålstabiliseringsövning/coreövning kunde påverka upplevelsen av smärta i nacke, axlar och skuldror hos kvinnor med kronisk/långvarig idiopatisk smärta. Studiens frågeställningar var: Hur påverkar utförandet av övningen ”plankan” upplevelsen av smärta i nacke, axlar och skuldror hos deltagarna? Förändras den maximala uthålligheten i övningen mellan deltagarnas första och sista träningstillfälle? Kan interventionen fullföljas av deltagarna? Metod Fyra kvinnliga deltagare som alla hade kronisk/långvarig smärta i nacke, axlar eller skuldror utförde övningen ”plankan” som hemträningsövning under fyra veckors tid. Mängden träning dokumenterades i en träningsdagbok som deltagarna kontinuerligt fyllde i under träningsperioden. Före samt inom en vecka efter träningsperioden ifylldes en enkät med frågor om upplevd intensitet, frekvens och lokalisation av smärta. Dessutom mättes maximal uthållighet i övningen ”plankan”. Resultat Efter träningsperioden uppskattade alla deltagare med smärta i nacken en förbättring med 1-3 skalsteg i en sammanslagning av alla frågor rörande smärta i nacke. Detta innebar att förändringen mellan deltagarnas svar i före- och efterenkäten, där skalan 0-10 användes, slogs samman till ett värde. Smärta i axlarna skattades som markant förbättrad av två deltagare samt som något försämrad respektive inte förändrad av två deltagare. Endast en deltagare uppskattade sig ha smärta i skuldrorna och ingen skillnad i uppskattningen sågs mellan före- och efterenkäten. Maximal uthållighet i övningen mellan första och sista träningstillfället ökade statistiskt signifikant för alla deltagare mätt i både procent och sekunder. Slutsats Resultatet i studien tyder på att övningen kan genomföras av individer med långvarig idiopatisk smärta i nacke, axlar och skuldror utan att ökad upplevd smärta eller andra obehag uppstår samt att den maximala uthålligheten i övningen ökar genom att övningen utförs. Hur många gånger övningen måste utföras för att ge resultat på uthållighet är oklart. Trots att flera deltagare upplevde minskad smärta efter träningsperioden så kan inga slutsatser tas då deltagarantalet var litet och resultatet för interventionsgruppen inte jämförts med en kontrollgrupp. Stora variationer i utförandet av hemträningen förekom bland deltagarna och flera faktorer utöver träningsövningen kan ha påverkat förändringen i smärtupplevelse.