Determina la presencia de anticuerpos contra virus de distemper canino (VDC) en jaguares (Panthera onca) y pumas (Puma concolor) de vida libre de dos áreas: Concesión de Conservación Rio Los Amigos (n=2) y la Reserva Nacional Tambopata/Parque Nacional Bahuaja Sonene (n=17) en el departamento de Madre de Dios. La detección de anticuerpos contra el VDC es realizada mediante la prueba de Inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) en las 19 muestras de felinos silvestres de vida libre, obtenidas como parte del trabajo realizado por la World Wildlife Fund (WWF) durante los años 2006 - 2008. Todos los felinos silvestres de vida libre resultan negativos a anticuerpos contra VDC mediante la prueba de IFI. Se concluye que los felinos silvestres trabajados en este estudio durante los años 2006 - 2008 no están expuestos al VDC. / Tesis

Conflict with livestock farmers is the most serious threat to the survival of the jaguar (Panthera onca) across its range of 19 countries of the Americas. In this thesis I examine the needs for mitigating human-jaguar conflict at a range-wide scale by: a) reviewing the state of knowledge on the topic, b) modelling the risk of conflict across the range, c) analysing a series of empirical field case studies, and d) proposing appropriate approaches for different levels of conflict. Findings from 43 published studies and 117 expert-described cases show that human-jaguar conflict occurs on large cattle ranches, mixed farms and smallholdings alike. Depletion of prey and poor livestock husbandry are reported as the key reasons for depredation, regardless of ecological, cultural or socio-economic context. Attitudes and tolerance towards jaguars are not necessarily linked to losses, so recent research has focussed on understanding the behaviours of farmers. With 65% of the remaining jaguar range outside of protected areas, effective strategies for coexistence with farmers are essential. By combining geospatial datasets with expert-based information, spatial patterns of human-jaguar conflicts were presented in a predictive model of conflict hotspots. Around 85% of the total jaguar range, 72% of the total Jaguar Conservation Units area and 90% of the Jaguar Corridor area overlap with livestock, and 15% of the jaguar range has risk of conflict. Regions in which jaguars are repeatedly persecuted may become ecological traps and decimate populations. An aggregate study of 17 case studies across seven countries exposed a very large variety of geographic, agronomic and socio-economic contexts. Both within and across case studies there are considerable differences in farmers’ experiences with livestock losses, concerns about depredation, levels of tolerance and attitudes, as well as social norms towards jaguars in each community. No situational factors could be used to predict how farmers perceive jaguars and deal with depredation. The only pattern consistent across case studies was that attitudes towards jaguars are most likely predicted by a factor of perceived loses combined with the social norms of the community. In most scenarios, correctly balanced strategies of improving husbandry combined with behaviour-influencing methods may be the best way forward. To this end, a conceptual model is proposed, which distinguishes three levels of conflict and explains the importance of addressing any underlying history of grievances or incompatibility of values as part of any human-wildlife conflict mitigation strategy.

In this study, three new reports of large felids from the Pleistocene are presented and discussed. A single partial left dentary from Jawbone Cave represents the first confirmed presence of S. fatalis in east Tennessee and was sampled for radiocarbon dating. Wind Tunnel and Chilly Bowl Cave are among the first records of P. onca to be identified confidently from Arkansas. Chilly Bowl Cave also produced two trackways attributable to Panthera sp., one set potentially belonging to P. atrox. In addition to the description of these remains and the caves they were found in, taxonomic histories for both S. fatalis and P. onca are explored to explain the choice of name used for each felid. Regional reviews of material of each taxon are also presented.

La tesis se compone de cinco capítulos. Dado que cada capítulo está pensado para ser un artículo científico independiente, estos se presentan en dicho formato, en inglés y con secciones bien delimitadas para introducción, método, resultados y discusión, con sus referencias correspondientes. En el capítulo I se define el tamaño de territorio para 14 individuos de jaguar haciendo uso de los datos recolectados por los collares GPS, contemplando relaciones interespecíficas por porcentaje de sobrelape entre los territorios, reportando diferentes resultados para machos y hembras y contemplando dos estaciones diferentes; de secas y de lluvia. El capítulo II se estima la densidad de jaguares en 13 y 11 localidades usando los datos del censo nacional del jaguar de los años 2010 y 2018, respectivamente. Se estima la cantidad de hábitat adecuado para esta especie en todo el país usando modelos de nicho ecológico en ambos periodos para luego determinar valores de densidad tanto para hábitats muy adecuados como para poco adecuados. En el capítulo III se describen los patrones de actividad del jaguar y se relacionan con los de sus posibles presas, revelando los patrones temporales de actividad, la velocidad y distancia promedio recorrida por los jaguares y un análisis de co-ocurrencia haciendo uso de datos captados con foto trampeo para conocer las interacciones espacio temporales del jaguar con sus principales presas. En el capítulo IV se estudia el área de actividad de 29 jaguares con collares GPS pertenecientes a distintas poblaciones dentro de la república mexicana. Analizando 41008 ubicaciones, se describen las interacciones entre individuos tanto del mismo sexo como del opuesto y se cuantifica el solapamiento territorial. Se compara también las diferencias en tamaño del área de actividad de los individuos pertenecientes a las distintas poblaciones. En el capítulo V se estudia la ecología del movimiento del jaguar a una escala continental. Se analizaron 166757 datos de ubicación GPS correspondientes a 125 individuos, los cuales pertenecen a cinco países diferentes de América. Con esta información, se agrupó a los individuos en 27 poblaciones y 13 grupos para describir el área de actividad, contemplando diferencias entre sexos y entre tipo de hábitat.

The mesopredator release hypothesis suggests that small carnivore populations are negatively affected by competition with larger carnivore species; this could hinder the conservation of mesopredators in areas where large top-carnivores are prioritized. I investigated the ecology of ocelots in Belize and examined the role of mesopredator release in the neotropical carnivore guild to determine if ocelots are limited by competition with jaguars and pumas. I conducted remote camera surveys and sampled habitat within four protected areas: three broadleaf sites and one pine forest site. I measured ocelot activity and habitat-use with respect to the activity of jaguars and pumas at one broadleaf site and one pine forest site; additionally, I calculated estimates of ocelot and jaguar densities within those two sites. Ocelot presence was positively related to jaguar activity in the pine forest and to both jaguar and puma activity in the broadleaf forest. There were few relationships with habitat characteristics; however, in the broadleaf site, ocelot activity was positively related to road width and large avian prey activity. Both jaguar and ocelot densities were low in the pine forest and higher in the broadleaf site. Preliminary findings from the remaining two sites suggest that future results may be similar to those from the first two sites analyzed. I conclude that ocelot populations are not negatively affected by jaguars and that a negative effect of pumas is unlikely. Results imply that mesopredator release does not limit ocelot populations in these areas. / Master of Science

M. Tech. Business Administration / The study assesses the dimensions of service quality within a Jaguar Land Rover dealership in Gauteng. The first objective is to determine the importance of each service quality and the second is to measure the effect of the service quality at the dealerships.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-04-19T14:43:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_AMANDA_CHIAMENTI_BOTH_COMPLETO.pdf: 1048903 bytes, checksum: edfae7d87511628d9cf72a0b167682f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-19T14:43:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_AMANDA_CHIAMENTI_BOTH_COMPLETO.pdf: 1048903 bytes, checksum: edfae7d87511628d9cf72a0b167682f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-01 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / This master thesis analyzes the ways of articulation between the elite of a city and the Imperial State, through the acting of some individuals who mediated the interactions between this parts. Therefore, we elected as scenario the city of Jaguar?o, that is located in the southwest border of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, because there were born Henrique d??vila and Jose Diana, two politicians that have threshed successful careers along the second half of XIX century, but they remained linked to the place they were born. Firstly we proceed to a characterization of the local elite which we were dealing it, what revealed traces of a closed and conservative elite. On the other hand, researching the trajectory of these individuals that performed the role of mediators, we found that they and their families were deeply intertwined with the elite of the city, what is, incluiding, one of the factors that enabled they to acting as mediators between the locality and the external world. However, a number of elements determines the ability of mediation of this individuals, as the relations they keep inside and, specially, out of the locality, of the positions they occupied and the prestigie that they had in a specific moment. Therefore, with variable efficiency according the listed conditions, the elite of Jaguar?o had their interests represented in the government, indicating the active role of the local elites in the process of construction and maintenance of the Imperial State. / O presente trabalho analisa as formas de articula??o entre a elite de uma localidade e o Estado Imperial, atrav?s da atua??o de alguns indiv?duos que mediaram as intera??es entre essas partes. Para tanto, elegemos como cen?rio o munic?pio de Jaguar?o, localizado na fronteira sudoeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, pois l? nasceram Henrique d??vila e Jos? Diana, dois pol?ticos que trilharam carreiras de sucesso ao longo da segunda metade do s?culo XIX, mas continuaram vinculados ao lugar onde nasceram. Em primeiro lugar, procedemos a uma caracteriza??o da elite local da qual est?vamos tratando, o que revelou tra?os de uma elite fechada e conservadora. Por outro lado, investigando as trajet?rias desses indiv?duos que desempenharam a fun??o de mediadores, verificamos que eles e suas fam?lias estavam profundamente entrela?ados com a elite do munic?pio, sendo este, inclusive, um dos fatores que os habilitavam a atuar como mediadores entre os a localidade e o mundo externo. Contudo, uma s?rie de elementos determinava a capacidade de media??o desses indiv?duos como rela??es que mantinham dentro e, especialmente, fora da localidade, dos cargos que ocupavam e o prest?gio que dispunham num momento espec?fico. Assim, com efetividade vari?vel conforme as condicionantes elencadas, a elite de Jaguar?o teve seus interesses representados junto ao governo, indicando o papel ativo das elites locais no processo de constru??o e manuten??o do Estado Imperial.

<p>The construction of roads, either as an economic tool or as necessity for the implementation of other infrastructure projects is increasing in the tropical forest worldwide. However, roads are one of the main deforestation drivers in the tropics. In this study we analyzed the impact of road investments on both deforestation and jaguar habitat loss, in the Mayan Forest. As well we used these results to forecast the impact of two road investments planned in the region. Our results show that roads are the single deforestation driver in low developed areas, whether many other drivers play and important role in high developed areas. In the short term, the impact of a road in a low developed area is lower than in a road in a high developed area, which could be the result of the lag effect between road construction and forest colonization. This is consistent since roads resulted to be a significant deforestation driver for at least two decades. Roads significantly affect jaguar's habitat selection; however males showed a higher tolerance than females. From 1980 to 2000 female jaguars lost 36% of their habitat wile males lost 22%. Our forecasting of the impact of the proposed road, shows that it will promote the deforestation of approximately 16,851 has, and the jaguar habitat loss of 146,929, during the first decade; meanwhile the alternative route will have and impact of 2519 hectares and the habitat loss of 899 hectares.</p> / Dissertation

Near the edge of the Aztec empire, about sixty-eight miles from Mexico City-Tenochtitlan, the temple complex Malinalco (built 1501 -- ca. 1519) comprises a tiny portion of an eponymous town and has the only known monolithic temple in Mesoamerica. The Mexica tlatoani Ahuitzotl (r. 1486-1502) commissioned the complex in 1501, and his successor Moctezuma II (r. 1502-1520) renewed the work order at least once. The site remained unfinished after the Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlan in 1521. The remarkable preservation of Structure I offers a unique view of a Mexica temple interior, and the eagle and jaguar seats carved within that temple led to the traditional interpretation of the site as a haven for eagle and jaguar warriors. In contrast, I contend that Malinalco's ceremonial center was a Mexica space for politico-religious rituals likely performed by the tlatoani or his proxies. My analysis of Malinalco's pre-Mexica history (Chapter 2) examines the mythical history of the Malinalca and their possible dual Mexica-Toltec heritage. Malinalco's now-lost mural of Toltec warriors situates the site within the larger corpus of Tula-inspired procession scenes, and links it iconographically to Tenochtitlan monuments that legitimated imperial power. Through a close analysis of early colonial texts and pictographic sources, I show that the eagle and jaguar seats in Structure I were not used by warriors, but rather were the purview of the tlatoque. An analysis of Malinalco's sacred landscape features demonstrates that the Mexica did not simply build a temple complex in the sacred space of a subject territory, but rather transformed the shape of a sacred mountain in declaration of a god-like imperial power. Finally, Malinalco's famous upright drum, often cited as proof that the site was for warriors, actually shows eagle and jaguar warriors weeping as they sing a war song, perhaps alluding to the martial sacrifices of the empire as it fought to preserve and expand its boundaries. I conclude that the Mexica designed Malinalco as a space for the performance of politico-religious regime-legitimating rituals, permanently declaring their dominance in their empire's hinterland. / text

The purpose of this thesis is to compare and contrast the use of music in commercials for Mitsubishi, Volkswagen, Chrysler and Jaguar.