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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Návrh manipulačního stolu pro otáčení obrobků / Design of manipulation table for workpiece rotating

Horák, Jiří January 2010 (has links)
This master’s thesis deals with the design of the manipulator for rotating objects, especially workpieces, semifinished products, or complete products around horizontal axis. It’s the manipulator for objects where is needed change orientation during production process. This thesis describes step by step construction of individual components of the manipulator and calculations of propulsive units. At the beginning the conveyor roller with propulsive unit is designed. The next step is construction of scissor lift table and choice of the propulsive unit. There is also made FEM analysis for the scissor mechanism. The next unit is aimed to the construction and computation of rotating and telescopic jaw. Then hydraulic circuit with computation of the propulsive unit is designed. As the final step the appropriate type of sensors are chosen and the step diagram of the manipulator is made. The manipulator is designed in the 3D model program and there are also made some assembly drawings.
142

Kyvadlo čelisťového drtiče 1 600 x 1 250 / Pendulum jaw crusher 1 600 x 1 250

Ješuta, Jiří January 2016 (has links)
This thesis deals with the design of the construction of a pendulum of a single toggle jaw crusher. The first part of this thesis treats the mechanical raw minerals disintegration. In the second part the characteristics of a single toggle jaw crusher and double toggle jaw crusher are compared. The third part addresses the calculation and the construction of the main components of the jaw crusher. Next part of the thesis consists of the calculation of the crushing force, the pendulum design, and the method of manufacturing a pendulum. The strength analysis of the designed pendulum using the finite element method (FEM) in program NX-Ideas is made in the last part of this thesis.
143

Exploration of the Association between Muscle Volume and Bone Geometry Reveals Surprising Relationship at the Genetic Level

Subba, Prakrit 18 December 2020 (has links)
The evolution of jaws in cichlid fishes of the East African Great Lakes is a textbook example of adaptive radiation in vertebrates. Karl Liem postulated that this adaptive radiation has been possible due to the functional decoupling of two cichlid functional units – the pharyngeal jaw (PJ) and the oral jaw (OJ). This functional decoupling of the jaws has enabled the OJ to be relieved of its dual role of prey capturing and processing and has allowed the PJ to take on the role of prey processing. As a result, African cichlids have adapted the morphology of their functional units (i.e., oral jaws) to specialize in a feeding mechanism best suited for their habitat. However, global morphological changes (across the OJ and PJ) are understudied, especially, at the genetic level. In this study, two rock dwelling species of African Cichlids from Lake Malawi were used - Labeotropheus fuelleborni (LF) and Tropheops “red cheek” (TRC). Both species have distinct craniofacial morphologies for specialized benthic feeding (LF) and for generalized feeding (TRC). This morphological variation allowed us to investigate the functional decoupling of the jaws by studying differences in bone shape and muscle volumes in an F5 hybrid population. Strong phenotypic correlations were observed between and within the tissues of the OJ and PJ. Further, to identify phenotype to genotype associations, a Quantitative Locus (QTL) analysis and a fine mapping analysis was conducted. The results show some evidence of overlapping genetic control (i.e., pleiotropy) suggesting some genetic coupling between the two jaws.
144

Impact d’une définition clinique standardisée sur l’évaluation du risque en pharmacovigilance : exemple des ostéonécroses de la mâchoire / Impact of using a standardized clinical definition on pharmacovigilance risk assessment : example for osteonecrosis of the jaw

De Boissieu, Paul 17 December 2018 (has links)
L’évaluation du risque en pharmacovigilance repose sur l’analyse des données issues des bases de notifications spontanées. Lorsqu’un risque est identifié, il est nécessaire de le quantifier. Le risque d’ostéonécrose de la mâchoire sous traitement antirésorptif est connu. Les données de pharmacovigilance sont donc actuellement utilisées afin de le quantifier. La définition de l’ostéonécrose de la mâchoire n’est pas unique, ni stable dans le temps. Cette définition peut donc avoir un impact sur l’estimation du risque.Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient d’évaluer l’impact de l’utilisation d’une définition standardisée sur l’évaluation du nombre de cas retenus dans une base de notifications spontanées, de décrire les notifications spontanées d’ostéonécroses de la mâchoire, et d’évaluer la précision des essais de phase III concernant la définition utilisée pour valider les ostéonécroses de la mâchoire. Pour réaliser ce travail, nous avons réalisés une analyse sur les données contenues dans la Base nationale française de Pharmacovigilance. Cette étude a été complétée par une analyse exhaustive de la littérature.La définition standardisée actuelle d’ostéonécrose de la mâchoire n’est pas adaptée aux données issues d’une base de notifications spontanées. Son utilisation entraîne une sous-estimation du nombre de cas, conduisant à une sous-évaluation du risque d’ostéonécrose de la mâchoire lors de l’utilisation de médicament antirésorptif. Il existe également un manque de transparence concernant la définition utilisée pour valider les cas d’ostéonécroses de la mâchoire, dans les rapports d’essais de phase III du dénosumab. / Risk assessment in pharmacovigilance is based on data extracted from spontaneous reporting databases. When a risk is identified, it should be quantified. Risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw under antiresorptive medications is known. Pharmacovigilance data are therefore used to quantify it. Definition for osteonecrosis of the jaw is neither unique nor stable over time. The used definition could therefore has an impact on risk assessment.Objectives for this thesis were to evaluate the impact of using a standardized definition when evaluating the number of validated cases in a spontaneous reports database, to describe notifications of osteonecrosis of the jaw, and to evaluate accuracy for the definition of osteonecrosis of the jaw during phase III trials involving denosumab. To carry out this work, we made an analysis in the French national pharmacovigilance database. This was completed by a systematic literature review.Current standardized definition for osteonecrosis of the jaw is unsuitable for spontaneous reports database. Its use lead to under-estimation of cases, leading to an under-estimated risk for osteonecrosis of the jaw under antiresorptive medication. There is also a lack of transparency with the used definition to adjudicate osteonecrosis of the jaw in phase III trials involving denosumab.
145

Efeito da laserfototerapia sobre a viabilidade de diferentes tipos celulares em cultura submetidos a diferentes concentrações do alendronato sódico e ácido zoledrônico / Effect of low level laser therapy on viability of different cell types submitted to different concentrations of sodium alendronate and zoledronic acid

Brozoski, Mariana Aparecida 05 February 2015 (has links)
Os bisfosfonatos (BFs) têm sido amplamente utilizados para o tratamento de doenças do metabolismo ósseo, principalmente na prevenção de metástases ósseas e na prevenção e tratamento da osteoporose. No entanto, existem efeitos colaterais indesejáveis sendo um deles, a indução da Osteonecrose dos Maxilares (Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws - MRONJ), uma complicação de difícil tratamento e solução. Até o presente momento, não foi definida a fisiopatologia da MRONJ e nem estabelecido protocolo de tratamento eficaz para esta doença. Diversas terapias vem sendo descritas na literatura para o tratamento da MRONJ dentre elas a laserfototerapia. Assim sendo, os objetivos deste estudo foram: inicialmente avaliar in vitro o efeito de diferentes concentrações dos BFs mais empregados na atualidade (alendronato e ácido zoledrônico) na viabilidade de células envolvidas na reparação de lesões MRONJ (osteoblastos e fibroblastos); secundariamente estudar o efeito da fototerapia com laser de baixa potência sobre estas células previamente induzidas pelos BFs. Foram utilizados osteoblastos-símile da linhagem OSTEO 1 e fibroblastos de mucosa bucal humana da linhagem FMM1. Após terem sido submetidos aos testes de citotoxicidade expondo as células as concentrações de 1?M, 10?M e 100?M de alendronato sódico e 3?M, 5?M e 10?M de ácido zoledrônico por 24 horas, os grupos testes foram irradiados com laser de diodo no modo contínuo, puntual e de contato (InGaAIP, 660nm, 30mW, spot 0,028cm2 ) com duas densidades de energia diferentes 5J/cm2 (4,5s) e 10J/cm2 (9s). Duas irradiações com intervalo de 6 horas entre cada uma delas foram executadas. A viabilidade celular foi determinada utilizando o ensaio de redução do MTT, e a atividade de fosfatase alcalina dos osteoblastos foi avaliada utilizando ensaio de ponto final. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA 1 critério complementado por Tukey (p<0,05). Foi possível concluir que: as concentrações de 100?M e 10?M do alendronato sódico foram tóxicas para os osteoblastos e fibroblastos em cultura. As concentrações de 3?M, 5?M e 10?M do ácido zoledrônico foram tóxicas para os osteoblastos e fibroblastos a longo prazo (48h e 72h). A atividade da fosfatase alcalina nos osteoblastos foi afetada por todas as concentrações de ácido zoledrônico testadas (3?M, 5?M e 10?M). Nos parâmetros aqui aplicados a LPT não teve efeito sobre a atividade da fosfatase alcalina das células tratadas com o alendronato de sódio ou ácido zoledrônico. E a laserfototerapia de baixa potência nos parâmetros utilizados nesse estudo não foi capaz de reverter a toxicidade dos bisfosfonatos testados, independentemente das concentrações destas substâncias / Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been widely used for treating bone metabolism diseases, especially for prevention of bone metastasis and osteoporosis. However, there are undesirable side effects and one of them, the induction of Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws - MRONJ), a complication of difficult treatment and solution. Until now the pathophysiology and an effective treatment protocol for MRONJ have not been established. Various therapies have been described in the literature for the treatment of MRONJ including laserphototherapy. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of two BPs used today (alendronate and zoledronic acid) on the viability of cells involved in the repair of MRONJ lesions (osteoblasts and fibroblasts); and to study the effect of phototherapy with low power laser on these cells previously treated with referred BPs. After being submitted to cytotoxicity testing by exposing the cells to concentrations of 1?M, 10?M and 100?M of sodium alendronate and 3?M, 5?M and 10?M of zoledronic acid for 24 hours, the test groups were irradiated with diode laser in continuous mode, punctual and contact (InGaAIP, 660nm, 30mW, spot 0,028cm2) with two different energy densities 5 J/cm2 (4,5s) and 10J/cm2 (9s). Two irradiations with an interval of 6 hours between each of them were performed. Cell viability was determined using the MTT reduction assay, and the alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts was evaluated using the end point assay. The results were submitted to statistical analysis using ANOVA 1 criteria complemented by Tukey (p <0.05). It was possible to conclude that: concentrations of 100?M and 10?M of alendronate were toxic to osteoblasts and fibroblasts in culture. The concentrations of 3?M, 5?M and 10?M of zoledronic acid was toxic to osteoblasts and fibroblasts in long-term (48h and 72h). The activity of alkaline phosphatase in osteoblasts was affected by all the zoledronic acid concentrations tested (3?M, 5?M and 10?M). In the LPT parameters applied here had no effect on alkaline phosphatase activity of the cells treated with the sodium alendronate or zoledronic acid. And low power laserphototherapy, in the parameters used in this study, was unable to reverse the toxicity of bisphosphonates tested, irrespective of the concentrations of these substances.
146

Distribuição do IGF-I e do seu receptor na cartilagem do processo condilar da mandíbula e na sincondrose basiesfenoidal de ratos wistar subnutridos. / Distribution of IGF-I and its receptor in the cartilage of the mandibular condyle process and basiesphenoidal synchondrosis of the undernourished wistar rats.

Oliveira, Bruna Cecilia Caixeta de 22 November 2013 (has links)
A cartilagem do processo condilar (PC) e a sincondrose basiesfenoidal (SB) participam do processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento craniofacial que são determinados pelo aporte protéico, pela ação hormonal e por fatores de crescimento, sendo o IGF-I o principal deles. Objetivou-se correlacionar as alterações morfológicas no PC e na SB provenientes da subnutrição protéica. Os grupos experimentais foram formados por animais heterogêneos (n=5) com 60 dias de vida, de acordo com o teor de caseína contida nas rações, protéica (20%) ou hipoprotéica (5%), formando, respectivamente, os grupos nutrido (N) e subnutrido (S). Na microscopia de luz foi observado que a subnutrição não alterou as espessuras das camadas do PC e da SB, enquanto que através da imunohistoquímica o número de IGF-I e IGF-IR diminuiu em ambos os tecidos (N&ne;S; p<0,05). No PC, o colágeno do tipo I passou a ser do tipo II no grupo S, enquanto que na SB, o do tipo II foi destacado em ambos os grupos. A matriz extracelular do PC apresentou-se densa e com coloração homogênea nos nutridos, contrastando com o aspecto difuso dos subnutridos. Na SB, tanto no grupo N quanto no S, a MEC manteve-se com aspecto uniforme na distribuição e na homogeneidade da coloração. / The cartilage of the condylar process (CP) and the basiesfenoidal synchondrosis (BS) participate in the process of craniofacial growth and development that are determined by the protein content, the hormonal and growth factors, being the IGF-I main one. This study aimed to correlate the morphological changes in PC and SB from protein malnutrition. The experimental groups were formed by heterogeneous animals (n = 5) at 60 days of life, according to the casein contained in the feed, proteic (20%) or hypoproteic (5%), constituting respectively the nourished (N) and undernourished (U) groups. Under light microscopy it was observed that undernourished did not change the thickness of the layers of CP and BS by immunohistochemical while the number of IGFI and IGF-IR decreased in both tissues (N&ne;S; p<0,05). On the PC, the type I collagen became type II at the U group, while in the SB the type II was noted in both groups. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the PC presented dense and homogenous coloration in the nourished, contrasting with the diffuse aspect of the undernourished. In SB, both in the N group as U, the ECM remained uniform in appearance and the distribution and uniformity of staining.
147

Mastigação: avaliação com dois diferentes instrumentos / Mastication: evaluation using two diferente tools

Barros, Thaynã Aguiar 31 May 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Jailda Nascimento (jmnascimento@pucsp.br) on 2016-09-27T19:37:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thaynã Aguiar Barros.pdf: 582620 bytes, checksum: c4765201c3150ba0df7cabd04e4c258c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T19:37:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thaynã Aguiar Barros.pdf: 582620 bytes, checksum: c4765201c3150ba0df7cabd04e4c258c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologia / ntroduction: Chewing is considered one of the most important functions in the Stomatognathic System. Patients rarely come to a speech language pathologist with chewing-related complains and through a detailed evaluation it is possible to have a precise diagnosis. In the chewing evaluation we have to acknowledge several steps such as: food grasping, mouth closure while chewing bolus, vertical and lateral jaw movements, rhythm, speed, among other aspects, especially the kind of food used in evaluation. In the orofacial motricity field there are various assessment tools, however two of them emerge for being used frequently in therapy and in researches. Purpose: to compare the chewing evaluation findings in a teenager group according to the Expanded protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation (OMES-E) protocol and the Orofacial myofunctional evaluation – Marchesan, Barretin-Felix, Genaro, Rehder (MBGR). Methods: the sample was composed of 46 teenagers, 30 female and 16 male, between 11 and 16 years old, and the average age was 14.8 years. The assessment tools were used only the part referring to chewing. A wafer cookie was used for the OMES-E protocol and a roll was chosen for the MBGR. Moreover, the chewing times were analyzed for each assessment tool. The collected data from both evaluation tools were submitted to the comparative statistical analysis. Results: the evaluation tools have been shown similar to assess chewing, although they had inverted punctuations comparing to the normal parameters. The item “others” on the OMES-E corresponded to the uncoordinated jaw movements, head movements or movements from other parts of the body, inadequate posture, and food escape. On the MBGR this same item corresponded to lips closure, speed, noisy chewing, and nonintended muscular contractions; and those results showed a statistical significance. The data has also shown differences related to chewing time. Chewing a roll took almost double the time comparing to a wafer cookie. Conclusion: comparing the chewing of the teenage group studied according to the OMES-E and the MBGR, in the aspects such as bite, and type and way, they responded similarly, although they responded differently in other chewing aspects such as: posture, jaw movements, food escape, lips closure, speed, noise, muscular contraction, and time. In comparison, the roll took almost double the time comparing to the wafer cookie although it did not change the biting pattern or the type and way of chewing overall according to both evaluation protocols / INTRODUÇÃO: a mastigação é considerada uma das funções mais importantes do sistema estomatognático. Raramente os pacientes chegam ao fonoaudiólogo com queixas referentes à mastigação, e é por meio de uma avaliação criteriosa que se chega a um diagnóstico preciso. Na avaliação da mastigação temos que considerar várias etapas, como apreensão do alimento durante a mastigação do bolo alimentar, o fechamento labial, a movimentação vertical e lateral da mandíbula, o ritmo, a velocidade, entre outros aspectos, principalmente a característica do alimento utilizado na avaliação. No campo da motricidade orofacial existem vários instrumentos de avaliação, mas dois deles se destacam por serem muito utilizados na clínica e nas pesquisas. OBJETIVO: comparar os achados da avaliação da mastigação em um grupo de adolescentes segundo o Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escores Expandidos (AMIOFE-E) e o Protocolo de Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial – Marchesan, Barretin-Félix, Genaro, Rehder (MBGR). MÉTODO: a amostra foi composta por 46 adolescentes, 30 do sexo feminino e 16 do masculino, na faixa etária entre 11 e 16 anos, com média de idade de 14,8 anos. Foram utilizados, dos instrumentos AMIOFE-E e MBGR, apenas a parte referente à mastigação. Para o primeiro, o alimento utilizado foi o biscoito wafer, e para o segundo, o pão francês. Também para cada instrumento foram comparados os tempos de mastigação. Os dados coletados dos dois instrumentos foram submetidos à análise estatística comparativa. RESULTADOS: os instrumentos mostram-se similares para avaliar a mastigação, embora tenham pontuações invertidas em relação à normalidade. No item outros, que no AMIOFE-E correspondia a movimentos incoordenados de mandíbula, movimentos da cabeça ou de outras partes do corpo, postura inadequada, escape de alimento, no MBGR correspondeu a fechamento labial, velocidade, mastigação ruidosa, contrações musculares não esperadas os resultados apresentaram significância estatística. Os dados também, se mostraram diferentes em relação ao tempo de mastigação. A mastigação com o pão francês levou praticamente o dobro do tempo na comparação com o biscoito wafer. CONCLUSÃO: na comparação da mastigação do grupo de adolescentes estudado segundo os instrumentos AMIOFE-E e do MBGR responderam de forma similar nos aspectos referentes à mordida e ao tipo e modo, mas foram diferentes em relação aos outros aspectos da mastigação como postura, movimentos da mandíbula, escape de alimento, fechamento labial, velocidade, presença de ruído, contração muscular e tempo. Na comparação, o pão francês levou praticamente o dobro do tempo do biscoito wafer, embora não tenha modificado o padrão da mordida e nem o tipo e modo de mastigação de maneira geral segundo os dois protocolos de avaliação
148

Plasticidade fenotípica e evolução da estrutura mandibular de Heliconiini (LEP: NYMPHALIDAE) em relação ao uso da planta hospedeira (Passiflora L.)

Jimenez, Carolina Millan January 2016 (has links)
Caracteres fenotípicos convergentes em diferentes espécies de insetos herbívoros sugerem uma adaptação funcional a um mesmo hábito alimentar. Nesse sentido, as barreiras apresentadas pelas plantas dificultam o acesso do herbívoro influenciando a evolução de suas estruturas. Espécies de Heliconiini com diferentes padrões alimentares (consumo de tecidos rígidos ou tenros) têm mostrado formas diferenciadas da cápsula cefálica e não existe estudo que explique essas diferenças. Levando em conta que os heliconíneos menos derivados tendem a se alimentar em folhas velhas e os mais derivados em folhas jovens, e que durante o processo de alimentação a mandíbula é a estrutura principalmente associada à mastigação, propomos que dito aumento da cabeça seja devido a modificações sofridas na forma mandibular e ao maior desenvolvimento do músculo adutor da mandíbula, que responde diferencialmente ao tipo de tecido consumido. Avaliamos as alometrias ontogenética e filogenética das mandíbulas das principais linhagens de Heliconiini criadas nas suas plantas hospedeiras preferidas, e mediante o uso de morfometria geométrica, elaboraremos uma proposta filogenética para ser comparada com as relações filogenéticas reconhecidas para o grupo, que também serão reconstruídas nesse trabalho, com base em marcadores moleculares. Identificamos também mediante a morfologia mandibular se as alterações de forma são causadoras das mudanças cefálicas e se correspondem aos diferentes hábitos alimentares apresentados pelas espécies. Para isso, induzimos alometría mudando quanto o comportamento alimentar de uma espécie restrita a folhas novas (tenras) para folhas velhas (rígidas), na procura de possíveis modificações nas mandíbula e músculo adutor. Adicionalmente, usando análises alométricas da mandíbula e músculo adutor, exploramos um aspecto comportamental importante em Heliconiini: a gregariedade, buscando elucidar se o incremento na sobrevivência obtida a altas densidades larvais, já reconhecida no grupo, é ocasionada por facilitação alimentar (comportamento) ou por mudanças alométricas nas estruturas alimentares (morfologia). / Convergent phenotypic traits in different species of herbivorous insects may indicate a functional adaptation to the same feeding habits. The barriers presented by plants hinder the herbivore's access, influencing the evolution of their feeding structures; species of Heliconiini with different feeding patterns (consumption of either tough or soft tissues) have shown different forms of head capsule and there are no studies explaining these differences. Taking into account that the less derived heliconians tend to eat old leaves and the more derived heliconians eat young ones, and that during the feeding process the mandible is main chewing structure, we propose that increase in head size is due to changes in the mandibular form and to greater development of the mandibular adductor muscle that responds differentially to the type of tissue consumed. We evaluate ontogenetic and phylogenetic allometries of the mandibles from the main lineages of Heliconiini that were reared on their favorite host plants. By using geometric morphometry, we tested a corresponding phylogenetic hypothesis to be compared to the molecular phylogenetic relations recognized to the group, also reconstructed in this work based on molecular markers. We also tested, through mandibular morphology, if the changes in shape are caused by cephalic changes in size and if they correspond to the different feeding habits presented by each species. To do this, we induced allometry by experimentally altering feeding behavior of one species restricted to new leaves (soft) to old leaves (tough), searching for possible changes in the mandible and adductor muscle. In addition, using allometric analysis of the mandible and adductor muscle, we explored an important behavioral aspect in Heliconiini -the gregariousness, trying to elucidate whether increase in the survival rates achieved at high larval densities, already recognized in the group, is caused by food facilitation (behavioral effect) or by allometric changes in the feeding structures (morphological cause).
149

Análise por meio de elementos finitos de placas de reconstrução em defeitos mandibulares /

Macedo, Diogo de Vasconcelos January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Marcelo Silva Monnazzi / Resumo: Defeitos segmentares no osso mandibular podem ocorrer após traumatismo local, infecção ou ressecção cirúrgica. Não realizar reconstrução nesses pacientes pode acarretar em prejuízo estético grave, dificuldades na mastigação, fala e consequente diminuição de qualidade de vida. Várias possibilidades reconstrutivas estão disponíveis atualmente, e a estabilização temporária dos segmentos ósseos com placas de reconstrução é comumente utilizada quando a reconstrução óssea imediata não é possível. No entanto, pouca atenção tem sido dada aos aspectos biomecânicos envolvidos neste tipo de abordagem e estudos realizados com biomodelos esbarram na dificuldade de simular as forças musculares envolvidas. A utilização da Análise de Elementos Finitos permite avaliar matematicamente estruturas em um ambiente controlado, e a aplicação de forças em qualquer ponto e/ou direção, aferindo a deformação dos materiais, bem como a tensão aplicada aos mesmos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar placas de reconstrução utilizadas sobre defeitos segmentares, por meio de análise matemática por meio de elementos finitos. Após simulação, foram encontrados menores valores de estresse nas placas de maior espessura, sugerindo maior resistência destas à fratura. Em contrapartida, valores significativamente aumentados de estresse sobre os parafusos estavam presentes nas placas mais espessas. / Abstract: Segmental defects in the mandibular bone may occur after local trauma, infection or surgical resection. Failure to perform reconstruction in these patients can lead to severe aesthetic impairment, difficulties in chewing, speech, and subsequent decrease in quality of life. Numerous reconstructive possibilities are currently available, and the temporary stabilization of bone segments with reconstruction plates is commonly used when immediate bone reconstruction is not possible. However, little attention has been given to the biomechanical aspects involved in this kind of approach and studies carried out with plastic models can not properly reproduce the muscular forces involved. The use of finite element analysis allows to mathematically evaluate structures in a controlled environment and the application of forces at any point and / or direction, assessing the deformation of the materials, as well as the stress applied to them. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate reconstruction plates used on segmental defects through mathematical analysis using finite elements. After simulation, lower stress values were found in the thicker plates, suggesting greater resistance to fracture. In contrast, significantly increased stress values on the screws were present on the thicker plates. / Mestre
150

AvaliaÃÃo da necrose Ãssea produzida por diferentes protocolos de aplicaÃÃo de nitrogÃnio lÃquido em diÃfise femural de ratos / Assessment of bone necrosis produced by application of different liquid nitrogen protocols in femoral diaphysis of rats

Fabio Wildson Gurgel Costa 08 October 2008 (has links)
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O complexo facial maxilo-mandibular pode ser acometido por uma variedade de lesÃes que, embora benignas, apresentam-se localmente agressivas. O tratamento de tais condiÃÃes tem suscitado dÃvidas quanto à escolha da melhor terapÃutica a ser instituÃda, uma vez que o tratamento conservador tem sido associado a Ãndices elevados de recorrÃncia, enquanto o radical, embora geralmente leve a cura definitiva, tem gerado grave comprometimento estÃtico-funcional. Nesse contexto, terapias adjuvantes, como a criocirurgia com nitrogÃnio lÃquido, tÃm sido combinadas com modalidades conservadoras com o propÃsito de reduzir a taxa de reincidÃncia sem elevar a sua morbidade. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos induzidos pela aplicaÃÃo de nitrogÃnio lÃquido em diÃfise femoral de ratos. Foram realizadas, em diÃfises femurais de 42 ratos Wistar, trÃs aplicaÃÃes locais e seqÃenciais de nitrogÃnio lÃquido, intercaladas por perÃodos de 5 minutos, com tempo de exposiÃÃo que variou entre 1 ou 2 minutos. Decorridas 1, 2, 4 e 12 semanas, os animais foram sacrificados e as peÃas obtidas foram processadas e analisadas histomorfologicamente e histomorfometricamente. Histologicamente, a segunda semana experimental representou o pico mÃximo de necrose Ãssea em ambos os protocolos. A profundidade e extensÃo de necrose Ãssea mÃdia mÃxima induzida no protocolo de 1 minuto foi, respectivamente, 124,509 Âm e 2087,094Âm, enquanto no de 2 minutos foi, respectivamente, 436,424Âm e 12046,426Âm. Com base nos achados do presente trabalho, podemos concluir que o protocolo de 2 minutos produziu uma necrose Ãssea mais pronunciada do que o de 1 minuto, sendo, portanto mais adequado no tratamento de lesÃes Ãsseas agressivas que incidam os maxilares. / The maxillo-mandibular facial complex may be affected by a variety of injuries that, although benign, present themselves locally aggressive. Treatment of these conditions have raised doubts as to choose the best therapy to be established, since the conservative treatment has been associated with high rates of recurrence, while the radical, but usually lead to a definitive cure, has created severe aesthetic - functional. In this context, adjuvant therapies, such as cryosurgery with liquid nitrogen, have been combined with conservative modalities with the aim of reducing the rate of recurrence without increasing its morbidity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects induced by the application of liquid nitrogen in femoral diaphysis of rats. Were performed in femoral diaphysis of 42 rats, three local applications and sequential liquid nitrogen, interspersed with periods of 5 minutes, time of exposure that ranged from 1 or 2 minutes. After 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the specimens were collected and processed and analyzed histomorphological and histomorphometrically. Histologically, the second week trial was a maximum of bone necrosis in both protocols. The depth and extent of bone necrosis average maximum induced by the Protocol of 1 minute was, respectively, 124,509 and Ãm 2087.094 Ãm, while that of 2 minutes were, respectively, 436424&#956;m and 12046.426 micrometers. Based on the findings of this study, we can conclude that the protocol of 2 minutes produced a bone necrosis more pronounced than that of 1 minute, and therefore more suitable for the treatment of aggressive bone lesions covering the jaw.

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