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Within the professional field of TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages), it is not unusual for highly qualified instructors to teach several part-time jobs in order to support themselves. Despite advocacy efforts carried out by the international TESOL organization, finding rewarding full-time employment in the United States can be very challenging. In addition, with the current state of the economy and high unemployment, TESOL professionals like others in various fields are seeking stable employment. Although this research will not solve the lack of full-time jobs, the intention is to help job seekers better prepare themselves for today's job market by knowing the skills, knowledge, and personal characteristics that employers are looking for in potential hires. To identify this information, a 12-month review was conducted of three well-established employment websites in an effort to capture advertisements seeking to hire TESOL professionals full-time for ESL related positions in the U.S. A total of 169 job advertisements were collected and reviewed to identify the skills, knowledge, and personal characteristics employers were seeking in qualified individuals. Data from the advertisements were organized into a 42-category coding scheme in an effort to delineate the skills, knowledge, and job characteristics mentioned previously. In addition, a second coding scheme containing 12 categories was created for analyzing the personal characteristics listed in the advertisements Results from this data revealed that employers seek applicants who have knowledge and experience in curriculum development, teacher education, and program administration. Top skills include written and oral communication and basic computer skills. With regards to personal characteristics, employers are most interested in individuals possessing strong interpersonal and teamwork skills. In addition to these skills and qualifications, the data provide important insights concerning the distribution of jobs by job type, degree, institution type, and salary across five regions of the United States.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how legal metaphors are used, developed and valuated through the book of Job. By the method of close reading I analyze the speeches of Job in order to investigate if and how the legal metaphors maintain tension between source and main domain, if they are meaningful, are used in a creative way and developed through the book of Job. The legal language is used by the prophets to explain the suffering of the people by ascribing God to the roles of prosecutor and judge who punishes the people for their violation of the covenant. In the book of Job the friends of Job represent tradition. They promote the theory of retribution and claim that Job is being judged and punished for his sins. Job breaks with the tradition and wish es to meet God in court, and assigns different legal roles to God; plaintiff, accused, witness, his legal representative and the criminal. Through out the book of Job the tension between God and all these different roles is maintained and discussed. Job cannot meet God in court because they are unequal and there is no one who has authority over God. To behold God criminally accused seems inappropriate because God is the foundation of justice. However Job keeps using the metaphors in his complaint before God. The oath in chapter 31 shows the absurdity to put all different legal roles of God into one model but nevertheless shows how the legal metaphors are useful as a language of complaint. In the speeches of God there are no legal metaphors and Job is responding by admitting his limitation in explaining the works of God and by promising to be quiet. The friends of Job are being rebuked for having talked wrong about God. They used the legal metaphors to explain God and the works of God. The legal metaphors are not to be used as explanatory models but provide a platform for the innocent to form their complaint for vindication.

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No description available.

Using grounded theory methodology, the purpose of the study was to examine the transition experiences of older workers who retired from their long-term careers and who were working in bridge jobs. After interviewing 24 participants, a theory emerged that describes the decision to seek a bridge job, the strategies used, the problems faced, and the benefits received. The decision to retire is connected with the decision to seek a bridge job. Participants planned but mainly focused on their finances; no participant sought help from a career counseling professional. They faced challenges such as age discrimination and problems switching to a new position. Participants reported that they live a more balanced life and enjoy their bridge job. The core theme from the study is bridge employment redefines retirement. / Ph. D.

Le vieillissement de la main-d’œuvre canadienne entraîne diverses conséquences sur le marché du travail et sur les parcours de fin de vie active. C’est pourquoi cette recherche s’intéresse à la problématique des fins d’emploi de carrière et du passage vers un emploi de transition vers la retraite. À l’aide des données longitudinales de l’Enquête sur la dynamique du travail et du revenu de 2002 à 2007, l’objectif est de mener une analyse descriptive de cette trajectoire selon la profession, ce qui ne semble jamais avoir été fait dans la littérature canadienne. Les résultats montrent que certaines professions ont enregistré proportionnellement plus de fins d’emploi de carrière durant cette période, dont les enseignants et les occupants d’un poste de direction. Des analyses supplémentaires ont calculé la part des travailleurs ayant effectué leur transition dans une profession différente. / In Canada, the ongoing aging of the labour force has direct effects on the labour market and the way workers live their transition to retirement. Thus many believe in the importance of studying the lifecourse of older workers. Using longitudinal data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this study analyzes the older workers who left a career job between 2002 and 2007, and looks at their subsequent labour market activity in order to know if some of them entered a bridge job. This research focuses on occupational differences for the first time in the Canadian literature. In proportion, the results show higher than average rates of leaving their career job in some specific occupations, especially teachers and managers. Moreover this study aims to measure the proportion of older workers who found a bridge job in a different occupation.

Le vieillissement de la main-d’œuvre canadienne entraîne diverses conséquences sur le marché du travail et sur les parcours de fin de vie active. C’est pourquoi cette recherche s’intéresse à la problématique des fins d’emploi de carrière et du passage vers un emploi de transition vers la retraite. À l’aide des données longitudinales de l’Enquête sur la dynamique du travail et du revenu de 2002 à 2007, l’objectif est de mener une analyse descriptive de cette trajectoire selon la profession, ce qui ne semble jamais avoir été fait dans la littérature canadienne. Les résultats montrent que certaines professions ont enregistré proportionnellement plus de fins d’emploi de carrière durant cette période, dont les enseignants et les occupants d’un poste de direction. Des analyses supplémentaires ont calculé la part des travailleurs ayant effectué leur transition dans une profession différente. / In Canada, the ongoing aging of the labour force has direct effects on the labour market and the way workers live their transition to retirement. Thus many believe in the importance of studying the lifecourse of older workers. Using longitudinal data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this study analyzes the older workers who left a career job between 2002 and 2007, and looks at their subsequent labour market activity in order to know if some of them entered a bridge job. This research focuses on occupational differences for the first time in the Canadian literature. In proportion, the results show higher than average rates of leaving their career job in some specific occupations, especially teachers and managers. Moreover this study aims to measure the proportion of older workers who found a bridge job in a different occupation.

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) wird immer leistungsfähiger und KI-basierte Systeme werden zunehmend zur Automatisierung einer steigenden Anzahl von Arbeitstätigkeiten eingesetzt. Kurz- bis mittelfristig führt dies zu Veränderungen von Jobs. Langfristig könnte dies zu strukturellen Arbeitsmarktveränderungen führen, die gesellschaftliche Anpassungen einschließlich der Transformation des bestehenden Wohlfahrtssystems erfordern würden. Beides birgt Potenzial für tiefgreifende psychologische Implikationen für Beschäftigte. Psychologische Forschung, die sich mit den Auswirkungen KI-bedingter Automation befasst, ist jedoch rar. Ziel der Dissertation war es daher, zu einer psychologischen Perspektive auf das Thema beizutragen und die psychologischen Implikationen KI-bedingter Automation für Beschäftigte zu untersuchen. Die Dissertation umfasst drei Projekte. Der Fokus in Projekt 1 und 2 lag auf den kurz- bis mittelfristigen Auswirkungen KI-bedingter Automation. In Projekt 1 wurden fünf Interviewstudien mit Expert*innen und Beschäftigten aus dem Gesundheits- und Finanzdienstleistungssektor (N=91) durchgeführt, um Anwendungsfelder von KI-bedingter Automation, damit verbundene Chancen und Risiken sowie Auswirkungen auf die Tätigkeiten sowie das Erleben und Verhalten von Beschäftigten zu untersuchen. In Projekt 2 wurde ein Fragebogen entwickelt, um die Relevanz ausgewählter psychologischer Konstrukte im Kontext KI-bedingte Automation zu untersuchen. Die Fragebogenentwicklung war in drei Phasen unterteilt und beinhaltete zwei Vorstudien (N=1293). Der Fokus von Projekt 3 lag auf den langfristigen Auswirkungen KI-bedingter Automation und untersuchte das bedingungslose Grundeinkommen (BGE), eine mögliche und grundlegende Veränderung in der Organisation unseres Wohlfahrtssystems. Auf Basis einer repräsentativen Stichprobe der deutschen Erwerbsbevölkerung (N=1986) wurden sozio-demografische und psychologische Prädiktoren für die Akzeptanz eines BGE untersucht. / The capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) are expanding rapidly, and AI-based systems are increasingly used to automate a growing number of job tasks. In the short- to medium-term, jobs are changing as a result. In the long term, this development may also lead to structural changes in the labor market, requiring societal adaptation including the transformation of the existing welfare system. Both carry great potential for far-reaching psychological implications for employees. However, psychological research dedicated to the impact of AI-driven automation is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation was to contribute to a psychological perspective on the topic and investigate the psychological implications of AI-driven automation for employees. The dissertation comprises three projects. Projects 1 and 2 focused on the short- to medium-term impact of AI-driven automation, exploring how jobs are changing and the related psychological implications for employees. In Project 1, five interview studies with experts and employees from the healthcare and financial services sectors (N=91) were conducted to explore application fields of AI-driven automation, associated opportunities and threats, its impact on employees’ job tasks, and employees’ experience and behavior in response to these changes. In Project 2, a questionnaire was developed to investigate the relevance of selected psychological concepts in the context of AI-driven automation. The questionnaire development was divided into three phases and included two preliminary studies (N=1,293). Project 3 focused on the long-term impact of AI-driven automation, investigating a universal basic income (UBI), one possible and fundamental shift in the organization of our welfare system. Using a representative sample of the German working population (N=1,986), socio-demographic and psychological predictors of UBI acceptance were investigated.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-16T12:41:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tesefinal-versaodigital+fichacatalografica-folhaaprovacao-18062016.pdf: 1114800 bytes, checksum: b2507a8668fc2d4b3298aac9fd5d6c04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T12:41:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tesefinal-versaodigital+fichacatalografica-folhaaprovacao-18062016.pdf: 1114800 bytes, checksum: b2507a8668fc2d4b3298aac9fd5d6c04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-16 / A tese apresenta três ensaios com o objetivo de avaliar políticas públicas e seus efeitos sobre mudanças de lei envolvendo pequenas empresas (Lei JOBS e Simples Nacional) e acidentes em rodovias federais, conectados por meio da abordagem de Desenho de Regressao Descontinua. O primeiro ensaio pretende explorar os efeitos da lei JOBS (Jumpstart Our Business Startups, JOBS), que promoveu o financiamento aos projetos ao aliviar regulamentos de valores mobiliários, sobre a arrecadação e financiadores no mercado de financiamento coletivo. Os resultados, indicam que a lei afetou os níveis de arrecadação em 75% para projetos de start’ups, em especial aos relativos a tecnologia e Design, e, de forma semelhante, em 59% os financiadores dos projetos. O segundo ensaio tem por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da política do horário de verão sobre acidentes nas rodovias federais brasileiras. Os resultados apontam que nos Estados onde a política do horário de verão foi utilizada como tratamento, os acidentes sofreram redução de 14%. O terceiro ensaio busca avaliar os efeitos da desoneração da carga tributária e geração de empregos para as pequenas empresas da indústria brasileira. Através da adoção ao programa Simples Nacional como estratégia de identificação, implementado no Brasil em 2007, aumentou a faixa de faturamento para até R$ 2.400 milhões e a adesão de empresas elegíveis. Ao trazer benefícios de redução do custo operacional industrial e proporcionar folga financeira às empresas, possibilitou a geração de empregos. Os resultados apontam que as empresas que realizaram a adoção ao programa obtiveram benefícios de redução do custo operacional industrial em 23%, o que possibilitou um aumento positivo na geração de emprego de 21.5% a 23.85% para pessoal ocupado total e ligado à produção, respectivamente. De forma semelhante, apresentou evidências de que houve consequente aumento na folha de salários de 25.18% a 26.98%, contribuindo para a manutenção do programa do Simples Nacional. / The thesis has three essays to evaluate public policies and their effects on law changes involving small businesses (JOBS Act and Simples Nacional) and accidents on federal highways connected through Regression discontinuous design approach. The first essay aims to explore the effects of the JOBS Act (Jumpstart Our Business Startups, JOBS), which promoted the funding to projects to alleviate securities regulations on the raised and financiers in the collective crowdfunding market. The results indicate that the law affected the raised levels by 75 % to start’ups projects, especially those relating to technology and design, and, similarly, in 59% funders of projects. The second essay is to evaluate the effects of DST’s policy on accidents in Brazilian federal highways. The results show that in the states where the DST policy has been used as a treatment, accidents were reduced by 14 %. The third essay aims to evaluate the effects of the National Simple Act implemented in Brazil in 2007, by reducing the tax burden, promoted benefits such as job creation and wage increases of small businesses in the Brazilian industry. The results show that companies that have undertaken to adopt the program obtained concessions that enabled positive increase in the generation of employment 21.5 % to 23.85 %. Similarly, it presented evidence that there was a consequent increase in wages of 25.18 % and 26.98 % for staff salaries, contributing to maintenance of the National Simple program.