O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar os fatores, que em um nível organizacional, influenciam o sucesso no judô internacional. Para atingir o objetivo desta pesquisa, foi utilizado o Modelo Sequencial Exploratório, do qual envolve uma fase inicial de coleta e análise de dados qualitativos, seguido por uma segunda fase intermediária relacionada com a construção de um instrumento e uma terceira fase de coleta e análise de dados quantitativos. Através da Análise de Conteúdo de entrevistas com 33 indivíduos (entre atletas, técnicos, gestores e experts) do judô de alto rendimento internacional, foram identificados na primeira fase qualitativa 11 categorias e 44 subcategorias, consideradas respectivamente como as dimensões e os fatores organizacionais que influenciam o sucesso esportivo internacional no judô de alto rendimento. Foi possível verificar que os resultados são semelhantes aos resultados de outras pesquisas e modelos que tiveram propósitos de investigar políticas esportivas ou sistemas esportivos de alto rendimento, principalmente aos pilares do modelo SPLISS. Entretanto, o judô possui especificidades que causam efeito sobre os fatores organizacionais que influenciam o sucesso esportivo internacional, como por exemplo, aspectos tradicionais, históricos e culturais inerentes à prática do judô. Além disso, a partir da Teoria de Sistemas, foi possível a identificação fatores ambientais que influenciam no desenvolvimento do judô em diferentes países e consequentemente no alcance do sucesso internacional. A partir destes resultados elaborou-se o modelo \"Judo Organizational Factors Influencing the International Sporting Success\" (JUDO-OFIISS). Com um questionário construído e validado por Validação de Conteúdo de seis experts na segunda fase, foi possível a validação do modelo em uma terceira fase quantitativa, onde procedeu-se Análise Fatorial Exploratória nos dados obtidos em uma amostra de 406 indivíduos, divididos em atletas, técnicos, gestores e experts do judô de alto rendimento brasileiro. Constatou-se através da Análise Fatorial Exploratória que os fatores organizacionais que influenciam o sucesso esportivo internacional no judô de alto rendimento se correlacionam e foram validados. Os resultados da terceira fase sugerem que a busca pelo sucesso esportivo internacional no de judô de alto rendimento dependerá da existência de todos os fatores organizacionais identificados, provavelmente da inter-relação entre os mesmos e do ambiente existente em cada país. Futuras pesquisas podem aprofundar o entendimento sobre a relação dos fatores organizacionais realizando os procedimentos quantitativos em amostras de outros países ou realizando procedimentos que envolvam análises confirmatórias ou modelagem de equações estruturais, a fim de identificar a importância ou o \"poder\" de cada um dos fatores organizacionais, ou até mesmo das dimensões (categorias) identificadas nesta pesquisa. Especificamente para o judô, os resultados identificados podem proporcionar embasamento para o desenvolvimento e a gestão no judô de alto rendimento, ou ainda, podem servir como modelo para a identificação e avaliação de fatores chave nas políticas e sistemas de judô. Quanto a sua contribuição teórica, essa pesquisa agrega no entendimento de políticas esportivas e sistemas de alto rendimento considerando uma abordagem que envolve um único esporte / The objective of this research was to identify factors at an organizational level that influence international success in high-performance judo. To fulfil the objective of this research a Sequential Exploratory Design was used involving an initial phase which collects and analyses qualitative data, followed by a second intermediate phase related to the development of a measurement instrument and a third involving the collection and analysis of quantitative data. Through Content Analysis on interviews with 33 individuals (athletes, coaches, performance directors and experts) from the international high-performance judo in the initial qualitative phase, 11 categories and 44 subcategories were identified which were considered the dimensions and the organizational factors influencing the international sporting success in high-performance judo. It was verified that the results are similar to other studies and models, which had the purpose of investigating sport policies or high-performance sport systems, particularly the pillars of SPLISS model. However, specific judo characteristics that affect organizational factors that influence the international sporting success were identified, such as tradition, history and cultural aspects inherent of judo practice. Furthermore, based on the Systems Theory environmental factors that influence the development of judo in different countries and that consequently influence the reach of international success were also identified. From these results, the \"Judo Organizational Factors Influencing the International Sporting Success\" (JUDO-OFIISS) model was developed. A questionnaire developed and validated by Content Validation by six experts in the second phase allowed for model validation in a third quantitative phase; this proceeded an Exploratory Factor Analysis on data obtained in a sample of 406 individuals, divided into athletes, coaches, performance directors and experts from Brazilian high-performance judo context. The Exploratory Factor Analysis showed that the organizational factors influencing the international sporting success in high-performance judo were correlated and validated. The results in the third phase suggested that the search for international sporting success in high-performance judo depends upon the existence of all identified organizational factors, probably on their relationship and the existing environment in different countries. Future research could deepen the understanding of the relationship between organizational factors by conducting quantitative procedures performed in samples from other countries, or by carrying out procedures involving confirmatory analysis or structural equation modelling in order to identify the importance or the \"power\" of each organizational factor or even the dimensions (categories) that were identified in this research. Specifically for judo, the identified results may provide knowledge into the development and management of high-performance judo and it can even be used as a model for the identification and evaluation of key factors in judo policies and systems. As to its theoretical contribution this research contributes to the understanding of sport policies and high-performance sport systems considering a sport specific level

Title: Monitoring of reaction abilities in different age categories of judo athletes Objectives: The aim of the thesis was to assess the influence of judo on the reaction abilities among different age groups of judo athletes. This finding should help to develop a view of necessity of focusing on reaction abilities during exercise unit. Methods: During the research a reactometer was used to capture simple and complex reaction time to visual stimulus and tactile response. Overall 166 individuals (100 men, 66 women) took part of the monitoring from which 3 were excluded. Every proband has undergone one test measurement (5 stimuls at least) and two evaluated ones (20 seconds each). The shorter - reaction time score was consider as a result for the particular test. The outcomes were utilized via Kruskal - Wallis test, Pearsons's and Spearman's correlation coefficient, Mann - Whitney's test and others. Results: The biggest difference between reaction period was observed between the age group of 8-10 and older groups. This category has also significantly differed in reaction period and the highest median. Statistically any notable difference was not confirmed among judo athletes and our control group in contrary with the situation between individual age categories. The hypothesis of judo athletes training...

Title: Physical profile of judo athletes and its changes due to body weight reduction Aim of work: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intensive pre-competitive body weight reduction on body composition, anthropometric parameters, postural stability, reaction time, maximal isometric muscle strength and biochemical parameters in the blood of elite judo athletes. Methods: The work compares the results of laboratory testing at the beginning and at the end of body weight reduction. Nine male judo athletes (age 22.3 ± 2.4 years) from the Czech national team participated in the research. For laboratory testing we used bioelectrical impedance analyser InBody 720, anthropometric equipment, pressure plate FootScan, dynamometer and apparatus for measuring reaction times of Biomedical laboratory UK FTVS and equipment for the collection of capillary and venous blood. We created a survey to gather more information about pre-competitive weight loss, attended by 53 competitors (37 men and 16 women, mean age 23.7 ± 3.2 years) who practise judo, wrestling Greco-Roman and freestyle, boxing, kickboxing, thaibox, taekwondo or karate. Results: We found a statistically significant (p<0.01) reduction of body weight, average weight loss was 4.6 % (on average 3.4 ± 1.6 kg). This reduction was reflected in...

Aim - The purpose of the study was to compare differences in body image between a specific weight-base sport and a ball sport. Related questions where as follows: “Are there any differences in distorted body image between soccer players and judokas?” “Is there an association between gender and age with distorted body image regardless of  sport?” Method - The survey was given to athletes striving to be elite within either judo or soccer. Groups occurred according to sport, gender and age category. In addition to the basic questions, the survey consisted of 22 questions where 13 were from the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS) and 9 from the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), specifically those related to body image. Comparison was then made based on the groupings, where independent sample t-tests demonstrated differences. A correlation analysis was then made which evaluated the correlation between age and gender independent of sport. Results - A total of 93 participants completed the survey in its entirety, 43 women and 50 men. 50 were striving to be elite within judo (21 women, 29 men, 25 in high school, 25 post-high school) and 43 in soccer (22 women, 21 men, 21 in high school, 22 post-high school). The total score in the entire questionnaire gave an average value of 96,0 for judo and 93,1 for soccer (p=0,27). The mean value was 88,7 för women and 99,8 for men (p=&lt;0,001), as well as a mean value corresponding to 94,0 for the post-high school group and 96,3 for the high school group (p=0,52). Conclusions - No significant difference could be seen in the tendency to distorted body image between the sports or whether they belonged to the high school or post-high school category. Differences in results regarding specific questions in the EDI, however, indicate a tendency for the dissatisfaction to express itself in different ways within the sports. A significant difference could be seen in gender, with a greater tendency in women towards distorted body image compared to men. Further sport-specific research is requested. / Syfte - Syftet med studien var att jämföra skillnader i kroppsuppfattning mellan en specifik viktbaserad sport kontra en bollsport. Frågeställningarna lydde enligt följande: “Finns det några skillnader i förvrängd kroppsuppfattning mellan en utövare av fotboll respektive judo?”  “Finns det samband mellan kön och ålder med förvrängd kroppsuppfattning oavsett val av idrott?” Metod - Enkät tilldelades elitsatsande utövare inom judo samt fotboll. Grupperingarna skedde utefter idrott, kön och ålderskategori. Utöver basfrågor bestod enkäten av totalt 22 frågor, där 13 tagits ifrån Body Appreciation Scale (BAS) samt 9 från Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), specifikt relaterat till kroppsuppfattning. Jämförelse gjordes utifrån grupperingarna, där oberoende t-test visade skillnader. Därefter verkställdes en sambandsanalyser som evaluerade eventuella korrelationer mellan ålder och kön oberoende av idrott.  Resultat - Totalt 93 deltagare genomförde enkäten i sin helhet, 43 kvinnor varav 50 män. 50 var elitsatsande inom judo (21 kvinnor, 29 män, 25 gymnasiala, 25 eftergymnasiala) och 43 inom fotboll (22 kvinnor, 21 män, 21 gymnasiala, 22 eftergymnasiala). Totalpoängen på hela enkäten gav ett medelvärde på 96,0 för judo och 93,1 för fotboll (p=0,27). Medelvärdet motsvarade 88,7 för kvinnor och 99,8 för männen (p=&lt;0,001), samt 94,0 poäng för eftergymnasiala gruppen och 95,3 för den gymnasiala gruppen (p=0,52). Slutsats - Ingen signifikant skillnad i tendens till förvrängd kroppsuppfattning kunde ses mellan sporterna eller i huruvida de tillhörde gymnasiala eller eftergymnasiala kategorin. Skillnad i resultat på specifika frågor i EDI indikerar dock en tendens till att missnöjet uttrycker sig olika sätt till val av idrott. Signifikant skillnad kunde ses mellan könen, med en större tendens hos kvinnor till förvrängd kroppsuppfattning. Vidare idrottsspecifik forskning efterfrågas.

Title: Axial system straining during martial arts and after care compensation of injuries Objective: The main goal of this diploma thesis is to bring complex view on injuries of axial system, which happend during martial arts. This thesis is going to define the ijuries and offer an alternative compensation of these injuries. Furthermore, the focus is on summarizing current knowledge about this issue Methods: The thesis is based on literary research and has an analytical-descriptive character. The studies used meet predetermined criteria. The work is divided into several parts. The first part, called the theoretical background, focuses on the description of combat, further analyzes the axial system of man and also the biomechanics of the components of the axial system. The next part discusses the load of the axial system in the fights. After that, the work deals with injuries in combat. Results: Based on the findings of individual studies, it can be said that the vast majority of all injuries incurred during judo and Brazilian jiu jitsu are orthopedic. Large joints were most affected by the injury. Injuries within the axial system occurred rather sporadically and were mostly head and cervical spine injuries. Keywords: axial system, axial system injuries, fights, judo, Brazilian jiu jitsu, combat in...

[ES] El judo es un deporte complejo donde hay identificadas muchas variables multidisciplinares como por ejemplo la fuerza, la potencia, la velocidad, las habilidades técnicas y tácticas, la motivación, la gestión del estrés o la alimentación que tienen una importancia clave e influyen en el resultado final de los combates. Si bien muchos trabajos académicos han estudiado estas variables, generalmente de forma aislada o combinando unas pocas normalmente del mismo ámbito, se ha detectado que no existen estudios que hayan analizado un conjunto de variables multidisciplinares heterogéneas de manera integral, considerando al mismo tiempo variables de diferentes ámbitos (por ejemplo físicas, técnicas, psicológicas, de estilo de vida, etc) y analizado su impacto sobre el rendimiento estratégico de los judokas. Además, una vez que se han identificado esas variables multidisciplinares, es complejo determinar cuáles de ellas están directamente relacionadas con la capacidad del judoka para alcanzar sus objetivos estratégicos, los cuales pueden definirse como las principales metas estratégicas que el deportista pretende alcanzar a medio-largo plazo (por ejemplo, obtener la clasificación para los Juegos Olímpicos), y que por tanto condicionan el esfuerzo y la planificación del deportista. Por tanto, esta Tesis Doctoral desarrolla una propuesta metodológica para identificar, priorizar y cuantificar el impacto de variables multidisciplinares sobre el rendimiento en el ámbito del judo, proporcionando una visión más completa y global y, por extensión, valiosa información adicional para tomar decisiones importantes tales como preparar planes de entrenamiento o planificar el calendario de competiciones. Para ello, se aplica una técnica de ayuda a la toma de decisiones multicriterio, el Analytic Network Process, la cual posibilita la evaluación y cuantificación conjunta de dichas variables multidisciplinares, las cuales son heterogéneas y de las que de muchas no se poseen datos históricos y cuyo impacto sobre el rendimiento del judoka es difícil de determinar. En este sentido, es necesario tener en cuenta que existen también otras relaciones importantes, las interrelaciones entre variables, que también deben evaluarse. Por tanto, se consideran las siguientes relaciones entre variables: Relaciones entre un conjunto de variables multidisciplinares claves del judo y el rendimiento del deportista. Interrelaciones entre las variables multidisciplinares claves del judo que afectan al rendimiento. Interrelaciones entre los objetivos estratégicos definidos y que representan el rendimiento del deportista. Por todo ello, la presente Tesis Doctoral se estructura en diferentes capítulos de la siguiente forma: El Capítulo 1 describe el planteamiento y la estructura de la Tesis Doctoral. En el Capítulo 2 se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de los principales trabajos científicos, justificando el hueco investigador e identificando las principales variables multidisciplinares de judo. En el Capítulo 3 se lleva a cabo un estudio práctico de la importancia de las variables técnico-tácticas en judo, analizando para ello todos los torneos de judo de élite (Grand Prix, Gran Slam, Master y Campeonato del Mundo) celebrados en el año 2019. En el Capítulo 4 se presenta la propuesta metodológica desarrollada en el ámbito de la Tesis. Para ello, inicialmente se justifica el uso del Analytic Network Process como Técnica Multicriterio de Ayuda a la Toma de Decisiones más adecuada para aplicar en la presente Tesis, describiendo a continuación las cuatro fases de la metodología desarrollada. En el Capítulo 5 se aplica la propuesta metodológica al Centro de Alto Rendimiento de Judo de Valencia, donde un grupo de expertos formado a tal fin desarrolla las cuatro fases de la metodología para la categoría de -66 kgs. En el Capítulo 6 se presentan las principales conclusiones de la Tesis Doctoral y se proponen líneas futuras de investigación. / [CA] El judo és un esport complex on hi ha identificades moltes variables multidisciplinars com ara la força, la potència, la velocitat, les habilitats tècniques i tàctiques, la motivació, la gestió de l'estrès o l'alimentació que tenen una importància clau i influeixen en el resultat final dels combats. Si bé molts treballs acadèmics han estudiat aquestes variables, generalment de forma aïllada o combinant unes poques normalment de el mateix àmbit, s'ha detectat que no hi ha estudis que hagin analitzat un conjunt de variables multidisciplinars heterogènies de manera integral, considerant a el mateix temps variables de diferents àmbits (per exemple físiques, tècniques, psicològiques, d'estil de vida, etc.) i analitzat el seu impacte sobre el rendiment dels judokes. A més, una vegada que s'han identificat aquestes variables multidisciplinars, és complex identificar quines d'elles estan directament relacionades amb la capacitat de l'judoka per assolir els seus objectius estratègics, els quals poden definir-se com les principals fites estratègiques que l'esportista pretén assolir a mig-llarg termini (per exemple, obtenir la classificació per als Jocs Olímpics), i que per tant condicionen l'esforç i la planificació de l'esportista. Per tant, aquesta tesi doctoral desenvolupa una proposta metodològica per identificar, prioritzar i quantificar l'impacte de variables multidisciplinars sobre el rendiment en l'àmbit de l'judo, proporcionant una visió més completa i global i, per extensió, valuosa informació addicional per prendre decisions importants tals com preparar plans d'entrenament o planificar el calendari de competicions. Per a això, s'aplica una tècnica d'ajuda a la presa de decisions multicriteri, l'Analytic Network Process, la qual possibilita l'avaluació i quantificació conjunta d'aquestes variables multidisciplinars, les quals són heterogènies i de les que moltes no es posseeixen dades històriques i el impacte sobre el rendiment de l'jukoka és difícil de determinar. En aquest sentit, cal tenir en compte que existeixen també altres relacions importants, les interrelacions entre variables, que també s'han d'avaluar. Per tant, es consideren les següents relacions entre variables: Relacions entre un conjunt de variables multidisciplinars clau de judo i el rendiment de l'esportista. Interrelacions entre les variables multidisciplinars clau de judo que afecten el rendiment. Interrelacions entre els objectius estratègics definits i que representen el rendiment de l'esportista. Per tot això, la present Tesi Doctoral s'estructura en diferents capítols de la següent manera: El capítol 1 descriu el plantejament i l'estructura de la tesi doctoral. En el capítol 2 es realitza una revisió bibliogràfica dels principals treballs científics, justificant el buit investigador i identificant les principals variables multidisciplinars de judo. En el capítol 3, es porta a terme un estudi pràctic de la importància de les variables tècnic-tàctiques en judo, analitzant per a això tots els tornejos de judo d'elit (Grand Prix, Gran Slam, Master i Campionat del Món) celebrats a l'any 2019. En el capítol 4 es presenta la proposta metodològica desenvolupada en l'àmbit de la Tesi. Per a això, inicialment es justifica l'ús de l'Analytic Network Process com a Tècnica Multicriteri d'Ajuda a la Presa de Decisions més adequada per aplicar en la present Tesi, presentant a continuació les quatre fases de la metodologia desenvolupada. En el Capítol 5 s'aplica la proposta metodològica a el Centre d'Alt Rendiment de Judo de València, on un grup d'experts format a aquest fi desenvolupen les quatre fases de la metodologia per a la categoria de -66 kg. En el capítol 6 es presenten les principals conclusions de la tesi doctoral i es proposen línies futures d'investigació. / [EN] Judo is a complex sport where many multidisciplinary key variables, i.e. strength, power, speed, technical and tactical abilities, motivation or estrés management, which have a significant impact on the final result of combats have been identified. However, these studies have usually focused on either only one or a few variables from the same ambit instead of considering a full set of heterogeneous multidisciplinary variables at the same time, which are of different ambits such as physical, tactical-technical, psychological or lifestyle and, at the same time, assessing their impact over judokas' performance. Additionally, once these multidisciplinary variables are identified, it is a complex process to determine which ones are directly linked with the capacity of the athlete for reaching his/her strategic objectives, which can be defined as the main medium-long term strategic goals (i.e. to get the classification for the Olympic Games) and which, therefore, condition the judokas efforts and planning. Then, this Doctoral PhD Thesis develops a methodological proposal for identifying, priorisiting and quantifying the impact of a set of multidisciplinary variables on the strategic performance of judokas, providing a more complete and global vision and, extensively, valuable additional information to make important decisions such as designing training plans or planning the competitions calendar. To this end, a Multi-Criteria Decision Technique, the Analytic Network Proces, is applied, which allows to jointly evaluate and quantify such a set of multidisciplinary variables, which are heterogeneous and which many of them lack of historical data and whose impact on the judoka's performance is very difficult to determine. In this sense, it is also necessary to take into account the existence of other type of relationship, the inter-relationships between the multidisciplinary variables, which should also be assessed. Then the next relationships between variables are considered: Relationships between a set of multidisciplinary variables of judo that are affecting to the judoka's performance. Inter-relationships between the judo multidisciplinary variables. Inter-relationships between the strategic objectives that represent the judoka's performance. Therefore, this Doctoral PhD Thesis is structured as follows: In Chapter 1, the approach and structure are presented. In Chapter 2, a literature review is carried out, justifying the research gap and identifying the main judo multidisciplinary variables. In Chapter 3, a practical study of the importance of the tactical-variables in judo is carried out, analysing all the judo ellite tournaments of 2019. Chapter 4 presents the methodological proposal, justifying initially the application of the Analytic Network Process and then the phases of the methodology. In Chapter 5, the methodological proposal is applied to the High Performance Judo Center of Valencia, where a judo expert group applies the phases of the methodology for the under 66 kgs category. In Chapter 6, the main conclusions as well as the future research lines are presented. / Uriarte Marcos, S. (2021). Propuesta para identificar, priorizar y cuantificar el impacto de variables multidisciplinares sobre el rendimiento deportivo de élite aplicando Analytic Network Process. Una aplicación al Centro de Alto Rendimiento de Judo de Valencia [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/165363

Le taux de participation à des activités physiques et sportives chez les jeunes représente un enjeu clé pour les agences de santé publique. Pour les jeunes qui pratiquent un sport, les niveaux de pratique ou la façon dont ils s'investissent dans leur activité peuvent prendre diverses formes, allant de la simple participation à un niveau de pratique d'excellence de haut niveau. Par ailleurs, les facteurs de motivation des jeunes qui évoluent au niveau récréatif seront probablement différents des facteurs de motivation des athlètes membres d'une équipe provinciale ou nationale et qui aspirent aux grands honneurs. Or, on constate malheureusement que le pourcentage de participation à la pratique sportive de façon générale est en baisse depuis quelques années chez les jeunes. Plus spécifiquement en ce qui a trait au sport compétitif, on remarque un phénomène d'abandon qui préoccupe plusieurs fédérations sportives québécoises, dont Judo-Québec (Judo-Québec, 2016). Selon les données recueillies par la fédération, le phénomène serait présent chez les filles et les garçons, mais accentué chez les filles. L'objectif de cette étude est de décrire les perceptions des athlètes féminines membres ou ex-membres de l'équipe du Québec quant aux raisons associées à l'abandon du judo compétitif. La technique de recueil des perceptions (technique d'incidents critiques [Flanagan, 1954]) avec l'utilisation d'un questionnaire écrit a été utilisée. Les réponses des athlètes ont ensuite été analysées de manière inductive et classées dans des catégories validées. Au total, 20 athlètes membres de l'équipe du Québec et 18 ex-membres de l'équipe du Québec en judo au moment de l'exercice ont participé à l'étude. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de faire la lumière sur les principaux facteurs d'abandon évoqués par les athlètes soient (a) les blessures, (b) la relation difficile avec l'entraineur ou le manque d'encadrement perçu, (c) la gestion du poids difficile, (d) le mode de vie particulier et exigeant, et (e) un sentiment d'auto-efficacité affecté négativement par un ou plusieurs évènements. Les conclusions de cette étude devraient permettre aux décideurs de mieux encadrer les jeunes athlètes sélectionnées afin de favoriser leur développement.