Dans le contexte général du début du XXe siècle, les petits délinquants font l’objet d’une grande attention de la part des instances régulatrices que sont la Police municipale de Paris et le Tribunal pour enfants et adolescents (TEA). La problématique qui s’intéresse aux effets de la crise sur la délinquance ne se limite pas au champ économique. Elle interroge également l’histoire sociale, politique, judiciaire et culturelle. En effet, la loi du 22 juillet 1912, créant les TEA, réorganise la répression de cette petite délinquance qui a ses quartiers, ses pratiques délictuelles propres. Du cœur de Paris à Saint-Denis, la délinquance juvénile agit de différentes façons. Dans ce territoire parisien se déploient toutes sortes de configurations qui conditionnent les petits larcins. La recherche interroge le rôle de tous les acteurs gravitant autour des mineurs de moins de 21 ans : policiers, juges, délégués à la liberté surveillée, parents, médecins, experts, criminologues, juristes. Cette interrogation prend place alors que s’établit un politique de protectrice des mineurs. Dans ce cadre, c’est avec plus ou moins d’efficacité et de moyens que la loi de 1912 est appliquée. L’ensemble de la recherche questionne ainsi le rôle de l’État dans l’intégration des mineurs délinquants à la République et à la société. / Within the overall framework of the beginning of the XXth century, young delinquents are the subject of great attention on the part of approved regulators such as the Municipal Police Department of Paris, the Court for Children and Adolescents. The issue that examines the crisis effects on delinquency is not only restricted to the economic field. It also questions social, political, legal and cultural history. Indeed, the Act of 22 July 1912 that creates the Courts for Children and Adolescents, reorganizes the repression of childhood delinquency which has its neighbourhoods and its own tort practices. From the heart of Paris to Saint Denis, juveline delinquency acts in different ways . In this Parisian area, all sorts of configurations are deployed which impact and influence petty theft. The research examines the role of every agent that gravitates around children under 21 years of age : policemen, judges, probation officers, parents, medical evaluators, criminologists, legal experts. This questioning arises while a protective childhood policy is taking place. In this context, the law of 1912 is applied with more or less effectiveness and means. The whole research raises the question of the government's role in integrating juvenile offenders into the Republic and society.

Because of the relative uniqueness of the runaway experience as it now exists, minimal current research information is available. It was our feeling that knowledge about runaways, their families, and the social agencies which serve them is essential if significant prevention and treatment for the problem were to be implemented by the community. The purpose and scope of this exploratory research was essentially two-fold; to contribute descriptive information about runaway youth and their families to the community, and to evaluate the current populations of two agencies which service them. An underlying goal throughout the research was to utilize the data collected to identify trends in runaway behavior, increase the potential for predictability, and provide some real insight into prevention techniques. Our informal hypothesis was that there is a significant difference in specific variables between runaway and non-runaway populations. We were interested in developing a typology of runaways, identifying those factors which increase a child's probability that he/she will run away. Finally, we wanted to know if different agencies tend to serve a particular kind of runaway who has specific characteristics. These constituted the major goals for this research practicum. Since most law enforcement and social service energy is spent at the point of crisis, this research sought to identify trends in the scope of the problem which would aid preventative services for runaways. Hopefully, the impact of this practicum will influence crucial issues in terms of family dynamics, treatment intervention, community resources, and delinquency prevention. The results of this study will be distributed to the participating agencies and other interested segments of the community. Probably more detailed hypothesis testing will be needed; however, this study forms a base of information for future research. Better assessment of meeting the problem by evaluating all existing services should be a continuing focus for the social service community.

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Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal waarom kinders uit kinderhuise wegloop en om voorstelle ter voorkoming daarvan te maak. Ten opsigte van die fenomeen "wegloop" stateer die literatuur dat kinders wegloop vanaf onaangename omstandighede en/of wegloop na aangename omstandighede. Die belewing van gesinstres, gesinskonflik, portuurgroepdruk, utopiese voorstellings van wegloop, onaangename skoolbelewing en tiener swangerskap is aangeduide rolspelers onderliggend aan bogenoemde. Die empiriese studie na wegloop uit kinderhuise bet aan die lig gebring dat kinders uit kinderhuise wegloop weens traumatiese belewing van verwydering uit die ouerhuis, etikettering en inrigtingsversadiging. Voorts is bevind dat faktore wat onderliggend aan bogenoemde is, tot 'n groot mate voorkom kan word. Sekere aanbevelings ter voorkoming van wegloop uit kinderhuise is na aanleiding van die studie gedoen en kan gebruik word in die volwassene se bemoeienis met die kinderhuiskind. / The object of the study was to identify the reasons why children run away from children's homes and to make recommendations on how to prevent them from running away. On considering "run away" as a phenomenon, the literature states that children run away from harsh circumstances to acceptable or pleasant circumstances. Experiences such as family stress, conflict in the family, peer group pressure, romanticising the idea, harsh school experiences and teenage pregnancies are roll players subjacent to the above mentioned. The empirical study of "running away from children's homes" has confirmed that children run away because of traumatic separation from parental homes, labelling and institutional intolerance. Furthermore it was also found that factors subjacent to the above mentioned can be neutralised to a large extent. Certain guidelines have been recommended for adults when confronted with children in children's homes. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal waarom kinders uit kinderhuise wegloop en om voorstelle ter voorkoming daarvan te maak. Ten opsigte van die fenomeen "wegloop" stateer die literatuur dat kinders wegloop vanaf onaangename omstandighede en/of wegloop na aangename omstandighede. Die belewing van gesinstres, gesinskonflik, portuurgroepdruk, utopiese voorstellings van wegloop, onaangename skoolbelewing en tiener swangerskap is aangeduide rolspelers onderliggend aan bogenoemde. Die empiriese studie na wegloop uit kinderhuise bet aan die lig gebring dat kinders uit kinderhuise wegloop weens traumatiese belewing van verwydering uit die ouerhuis, etikettering en inrigtingsversadiging. Voorts is bevind dat faktore wat onderliggend aan bogenoemde is, tot 'n groot mate voorkom kan word. Sekere aanbevelings ter voorkoming van wegloop uit kinderhuise is na aanleiding van die studie gedoen en kan gebruik word in die volwassene se bemoeienis met die kinderhuiskind. / The object of the study was to identify the reasons why children run away from children's homes and to make recommendations on how to prevent them from running away. On considering "run away" as a phenomenon, the literature states that children run away from harsh circumstances to acceptable or pleasant circumstances. Experiences such as family stress, conflict in the family, peer group pressure, romanticising the idea, harsh school experiences and teenage pregnancies are roll players subjacent to the above mentioned. The empirical study of "running away from children's homes" has confirmed that children run away because of traumatic separation from parental homes, labelling and institutional intolerance. Furthermore it was also found that factors subjacent to the above mentioned can be neutralised to a large extent. Certain guidelines have been recommended for adults when confronted with children in children's homes. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

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