Seamounts play an important role in facilitating the exchange of elements between the oceanic lithosphere and the overlying seawater. This water-rock interaction is caused by circulating seawater and controls the chemical exchange in submarine and sub-seafloor rocks. The exchange mechanism plays a major role in determining the final composition of these submarine rocks. This investigation is designed to evaluate the (i) degree of alteration and element mobility, (ii) to identify relations between alteration types and (iii) to characterise the chemical processes that takes place during seafloor and sub-seafloor alteration in the Central Atlantic region. The investigated submarine rocks are typically altered. They are composed mostly of calcite and clay minerals in addition to original magmatic feldspar, olivine, pyroxene, quartz, biotite, and amphibole.  Elemental analyses show that submarine rocks with high water-rock ratio have experienced near complete loss of Silica and alkali elements to seawater but are enriched in calcium and phosphorous. In addition, there is a strong enrichment of trace elements such as Sr, Ti, Rb and trivalent REEs in altered submarine samples that are likely residual in character. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic values indicate a low temperature alteration process at less than 50℃.  Nannofossils were present in one sample and investigation suggests that the seamount south of El Hierro evolved from a young Canary activity rather than the early Cretaceous magmatic events as has been argued previously. / Djuphavsberg spelar en viktig roll för att underlätta utbytet av element mellan den oceaniska litosfären och det överliggande havsvattnet. Interaktionen mellan vattnet och bergarterna orsakas av cirkulerande havsvatten och kontrollerar det kemiska utbytet i undervattensbergarterna och som även spelar en viktig roll för att bestämma de slutliga produkterna i dessa bergarter. Undersökningen syftar till att (i) utvärdera graden av kemisk omvandling och rörlighet av elementen, (ii) identifiera samband mellan olika omvandlingstyper och (iii) att karakterisera de kemiska processer som äger rum vid kemisk omvandling av bergarter vid och under havsbottnen i Centralatlanten. De undersökta undervattensbergarterna är generellt kemiskt omvandlade och består av kalcit och lermineral utöver ursprungligt magmatiskt fältspat, olivin, pyroxen, kvarts, biotit och amfibol. Elementanalyser visar att de undervattensbergarter med en hög vatten-berg kvot har förlorat i stort sett all Si och nästan alla alkaliska element till havsvattnet medan en anrikning har skett av kalcium och fosfor. Dessutom har det i de omvandlade undervattensproverna skett en tydlig anrikning av spårämnena Sr, Ti, Rb och av trivalenta sällsynta jordartsmetaller. Syre- och väteisotopvärden indikerar en omvandlingsprocess vid låga temperaturer mindre än 50 °C. I ett prov fanns nannofossiler och en undersökning av dessa tyder på att djuphavsberget söder om El Hierro bildades under en yngre vulkanisk aktivitet än den magmatiska aktivitet som tidigare föreslagits som ägde rum under perioden Krita.

This is a qualitative case study about tourists and boat migrants in movement to and in place on the Canary Islands, Spain. The aim is to study how these two groups of guests are treated differently, either as guests or strangers, based on how they move, illegally or legally, where they come from and where they have rights to go. To analyze the case I use theories of how differences in ethnicity, culture and religion etc. are created and recreated in society in interactions among humans and in the politics - the politics of difference. The politics of difference creates and recreates categories of mobility such as tourists and boat migrants. Scholars as Michael Azar, Nikolas Rose and Tim Cresswell mean that the politics of difference, which involve control, division, exclusion and unequal distribution of resources, are violent processes. The recreation and the maintenance of the different categories, tourist and boat migrant, show violent actions both in the movements of the groups and the treatment on place. Therefore the problem researched shows how these violent actions of the politics of difference manifest themselves in creating and recreating the categories of tourist and boat migrant. In analyzing the violence I use the theory of Johan Galtung. He defines violence as assaults against basic human needs divided in structural and direct violence. In the case of tourists and boat migrants the politics of difference affect several aspects of needs such as survival, freedom, identity and meaning and wellbeing. In the perspective of the tourist the structural violence is natural because of its contribution to the stability of society while the violence becomes direct to the needs of the boat migrant. This shows how the politics of difference neglect the human rights in practice.

The Canary Islands are a popular tourist destination. But, behind the good weather and the beautiful beaches there is a traumatic story. Guanches, the island's indigenous people, died as a result of the Spanish colonization. Only a few aspects of Guanche's life remain - their human remains and their material culture. The purpose of this study is to see how Guanche's human remains are treated and whether it has thus affected how they are displayed today in museums. In order to draw conclusions, El Museo Canario's osteological exhibition has been evaluated. The exhibition has barely changed since 1880 and has clearly been influenced by factors such as colonialism, nationalism, tourism and ethnicity. The ethics behind this exhibition have also been discussed. The conclusion of this discussion was that El Museo Canario has adhered to ethical considerations. However, there are aspects of the exhibition that could be improved. Articles from El Museo Canario's publication from 1880–1900 and 2007–2011 have also been reviewed. This was done in order to see how research purposes have changed over time. The results of this analysis show that there are clear differences in research purposes depending on the year of publication. This change in mindset is not reflected on El Museo Canario's osteological exhibition. / Las Islas Canarias son un destino turístico popular. Pero, detrás del buen clima y las hermosas playas hay una historia traumática. Guanches, indígenas de la isla, murieron como resultado de la colonización española. Hoy solo quedan algunos aspectos de la vida de los Guanche - sus restos humanos y su cultura material. La intención de este estudio es ver cómo se tratan los restos humanos de Guanche y, en consecuencia, como ha afectado las exhibiciones en los museos. Para poder hacer conclusiones, se ha evaluado la exposición osteológica de El Museo Canario. La exposición apenas se ha cambiado desde 1880 y claramente ha sido influenciada por factores como el colonialismo, el nacionalismo, el turismo y la etnicidad. La ética detrás de esta exposición también ha sido discutida. La conclusión de esta discusión fue que El Museo Canario se ha adherido a consideraciones éticas. Sin embargo, hay aspectos de la exposición que podrían mejorarse. Además, se han examinado artículos de la publicación de El Museo Canario de 1880–1900 y 2007–2011 para ver cómo los motivos de investigación se han cambiado con el tiempo. Los resultados de este análisis muestran que existen claras diferencias entre los motivos de investigación según el año de publicación. Este cambio de mentalidad no se refleja en la exposición osteológica de El Museo Canario.