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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Movement of nitrogen through a riparian forest in a tropical, agricultural landscape / Mouvement de l'azote à travers une forêt riveraine en milieu agricole tropical

Connor, Sarah 27 November 2012 (has links)
Les zones riveraines sont connues pour fonctionner comme des tampons efficaces, capable d’éliminer les nitrates des eaux souterraines avant leur rejet dans les ruisseaux adjacents. Ce rôle de tampon est particulièrement important dans les bassins versants agricoles où, l’azote supplémentaire, provenant des engrais, peut être lessivé dans les eaux souterraines. Sur les plaines côtières, les nitrates présents dans les eaux souterraines puis déchargés dans les ruisseaux peuvent potentiellement enrichir les eaux côtières. La transformation des nitrates par le processus de dénitrification permet d’améliorer la qualité de l'eau, cependant, la dénitrification incomplète produit du protoxyde d’azote (N2O), un gaz à effet de serre. Bien qu’un grand nombre de recherches aient été menées dans les régions tempérées, peu d'études ont été conduites dans les régions tropicales sur la capacité des zones riveraines à éliminer les nitrates des eaux souterraines. Dans les zones agricoles de la région tropicale humide en Australie, les précipitations annuelles sont élevées, autour de 3000 mm, et les saisons humides et sèches sont clairement définies. La saison humide se caractérise par des précipitations de forte intensité et de longue durée, suivie par une saison sèche définie par de faibles précipitations sporadiques. Les questions fondamentales de cette thèse sont les suivantes: dans un paysage agricole tropical humide, les nitrates contenus par les eaux souterraines, sont-ils éliminés lors de leur passage dans une zone boisée riveraine avant d’être transportés vers le ruisseau ? Observe- t-on des différences temporelles et spatiales des flux de N2O émis par les sols de la forêt riveraine ?Cette étude se focalise sur une zone riveraine boisée, d’une largeur de 150 m, située au milieu des champs de canne à sucre, sur la plaine côtière adjacente à la lagune de la Grande Barrière de corail (inscrite au patrimoine mondial), localisée dans la région tropicale humide d'Australie.Pour acquérir une compréhension du mouvement des eaux souterraines sur le site riverain, l'hydrologie de la zone a été caractérisée par des mesures de la teneur en eau du sol et par la profondeur de la nappe phréatique (13 piézomètres). Durant la saison humide, le système était très dynamique, avec de grandes fluctuations des niveaux de la nappe phréatique et, à long terme, l’inondation des zones basses. Les rapides hausses de la nappe phréatique ont été attribuées à une recharge in situ élevée, au faible volume d’air contenu dans les pores (zone non saturée), au piégeage de l'air et à la recharge occasionnelle de la crique. Les baisses rapides de la nappe phréatique ont été attribuées aux importantes différences de hauteur au sein de la zone riveraine, différences dues, partiellement, à la topographie vallonnée du site. La saison sèche a été caractérisée par un système lent, avec une profondeur de nappe phréatique pouvant atteindre 4 mètres dans certains endroits. Les eaux souterraines arrivant dans la zone riveraine contenaient de faibles concentrations de nitrates (moyenne <0.03 mg NO3- N L-1 durant les deux saisons). Cependant, les concentrations ont augmenté (jusqu'à 50 fois) lors de la progression des eaux souterraines à travers la zone riveraine, suggérant que la zone riveraine était une source de nitrates pour le ruisseau adjacent. L'augmentation de nitrates a été attribuée à la nitrification ayant lieu dans les sols riverains de surface, processus favorisé par une importante productivité primaire nette, notamment de grandes quantités de litière (12.19 Mg ha-1 an-1). Par la suite, les nitrates générés par le sol riverain ont été lessivés dans les eaux souterraines par les précipitations, durant la saison humide. Ainsi, les nitrates dans les eaux souterraines proviennent de la nitrification et, potentiellement, du mélange avec des eaux souterraines profondes ayant des concentrations supérieures en nitrates. [...] / Riparian zones have been widely reported to function as effective buffers, removing nitrate (NO3-) from groundwater before it is discharged into adjacent streams. This is particularly important in agricultural catchments where additional nitrogen (N) from fertilisers may be leached into groundwater. On coastal plains, NO3- in groundwater discharged into streams can potentially enrich coastal waters. The permanent removal of NO3- through denitrification can improve water quality, however incomplete denitrification produces nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas.Despite copious research in temperate regions, little study has been conducted on the capacity of riparian zones to remove NO3- from groundwater in the tropics. In agricultural areas of the Australian humid tropics, annual rainfall is high, around 3000 mm, and wet and dry seasons are clearly defined. Wet seasons are characterised by rainfall of high intensity and duration, followed by a dry season producing sporadic small amounts of rainfall. The overarching questions of this thesis are: in an agricultural landscape in the humid tropics, is NO3- in groundwater removed as it enters a forested riparian zone and is transported towards the stream? And, are there temporal and spatial differences in patterns of N2O emissions produced from the riparian forest?This research is focused on a forested riparian zone 150 m wide, located amongst sugarcane fields, on the coastal plain adjoining the World-Heritage listed Great Barrier Reef lagoon, in the Australian humid tropics. To gain an understanding of the movement of groundwater through the riparian site, the hydrology of the riparian zone was characterized using measurements of soil water content and water table depth (13 piezometers). In the wet season the system was highly dynamic with large fluctuations in water table levels and long-term inundation of low lying areas. Rapid water table rises were attributed to high in-situ recharge, low air-filled pore space (unsaturated zone), air entrapment and occasional recharge from the creek, and the rapid falls to the steep local hydraulic gradients. The dry season was characterised by a slow moving system with depth to watertable up to 4 m at high locations.Groundwater entering the riparian zone was found to have low concentrations of NO3- (mean <0.03 mg NO3-N L-1 over both seasons), however, concentrations increased (by up to 50 fold) as groundwater progressed through the riparian zone, suggesting the riparian zone was a potential source of NO3- to the adjacent creek. The addition of NO3- was attributed to nitrification in riparian surface soils, driven by large net primary productivity, including large amounts of litterfall (12.19 Mg ha-1 y-1). Nitrate generated in riparian soil was subsequently leached into groundwater in the wet season during rainfall events. Nitrate was also derived from nitrification in groundwater and, potentially, from the mixing of deeper groundwater of higher NO3- concentrations [...]
152

Etude des conséquences métaboliques, oxydatives et cardiovasculaires de la suralimentation postnatale chez le rat et la souris / Study of the metabolic, oxidative and cardiovascular consequences of postnatal overfeeding in rats and mice

Habbout, Ahmed 23 May 2012 (has links)
L’excès de masse grasse, notamment infantile est en perpétuelle augmentation à l’échelle mondiale. Plusieurs études ont montré une association entre cette prise de poids et la survenue de pathologies cardiovasculaires. Cependant, il semble nécessaire de renforcer notre compréhension des liens existant entre la survenue de maladies cardiovasculaires à l’âge adulte et l’existence d’un surpoids durant l’enfance et/ou l’adolescence. Afin de répondre à cette problématique, nous avons utilisé un modèle de suralimentation postnatale chez le rongeur, basé sur la réduction des portées à la naissance. Ainsi, les travaux réalisés au cours de ce Doctorat ont permis de mettre en évidence l’impact d’une surnutrition postnatale précoce sur le développement ultérieur d’altérations cardio-métaboliques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons montré qu’une prise de poids précoce, chez le rat et la souris, induisait une augmentation pérenne de la masse corporelle adipeuse, associée à des perturbations des paramètres biochimiques, représentées par une augmentation de la glycémie, de l’insuline, du cholestérol et de la leptine plasmatique.Dans un deuxième temps, le volet oxydant a été exploré. Ainsi, les animaux ayant subi une suralimentation postnatale, une fois adultes, voient leur niveau de stress nitro-oxydant augmenter au niveau circulant et sur le plan tissulaire cardiaque, alors que des enzymes antioxydantes telles que les superoxydes dismutases et les catalases y présentent une activité augmentée.Dans un troisième temps, l’exploration de la fonction cardiovasculaire a montré, in vivo, que la suralimentation postnatale réduisait de manière significative la contractilité myocardique et induisait une augmentation des niveaux de pression artérielle systolique et diastolique chez la souris. Ex vivo, les cœurs de souris adultes ayant subi une suralimentation postnatale présentaient une plus grande sensibilité aux lésions induites par l’ischémie reperfusion, libérant plus d’enzyme lactate deshydrogénase (LDH) et montrant une taille de nécrose ventriculaire très significativement accrue. De plus, l’étude du remodelage cardiaque a montré chez ces animaux une augmentation de la fibrose associée à une augmentation à la fois de l’expression et de l’activité des métallo-protéinases de type 2 (MMP-2). Enfin, d’un point de vue de l’expression génique cardiaque, notre étude montre que la suralimentation postnatale induit très précocement, dès le sevrage, des différences d’expression portant sur plus de 822 gènes cardiaques, et notamment des gènes de structure comme ceux d’isoformes du collagène ou de protéines de la matrice extracellulaire, ce qui pourrait expliquer la présence d’un remodelage d’origine précoce.Il est évident que des travaux supplémentaires s’imposent afin d’expliquer les mécanismes mis en jeu au cours de ces différentes altérations. Cependant, il apparaît clairement que des modifications nutritionnelles lors d’une période du développement suivant immédiatement la naissance peuvent induire à long terme des altérations d’ordre biochimique, oxydative et cardiovasculaires / No abstract
153

Aplikace metod vícekriteriálního rozhodování v digitálním marketingu / Application of multicriteria decision-making methods in digital marketing

Kolaříková, Klára January 2016 (has links)
The work applies methods of multicriteria decision-making to various sources and media in the field of digital marketing. The calculation of the efficient strategy of the digital marketing is included. The strategy brings sorts of conversions, audience and attention together with minimizing costs. The application of multicriteria discrete decision-making methods is carried out in the environment of websites of firms on the sources and their general category medium. On the website of the company products are promoted and strengthened brand awareness. The methods of multicriteria decision-making using the discrete method of decision-making with determination of the order of variants with cardinal information were used for the calculations. Part of this work based on calculation of the efficient strategy of the digital marketing is also the analysis of used keywords and the most common conversion paths of the sources and media.
154

Controlled Vocabularies in the Digital Age: Are They Still Relevant?

Baker, William 08 1900 (has links)
Keyword searching and controlled vocabularies such as Library of Congress subject headings (LCSH) proved to work well together in automated technologies and the two systems have been considered complimentary. When the Internet burst onto the information landscape, users embraced the simplicity of keyword searching of this resource while researchers and scholars seemed unable to agree on how best to make use of controlled vocabularies in this huge database. This research looked at a controlled vocabulary, LCSH, in the context of keyword searching of a full text database. The Internet and probably its most used search engine, Google, seemed to have set a standard that users have embraced: a keyword-searchable single search box on an uncluttered web page. Libraries have even introduced federated single search boxes to their web pages, another testimony to the influence of Google. UNT's Thesis and Dissertation digital database was used to compile quantitative data with the results input into an EXCEL spreadsheet. Both Library of Congress subject headings (LCSH) and author-assigned keywords were analyzed within selected dissertations and both systems were compared. When the LCSH terms from the dissertations were quantified, the results showed that from a total of 788 words contained in the 207 LCSH terms assigned to 70 dissertations, 246 of 31% did not appear in the title or abstract while only 8, or about 1% from the total of 788, did not appear in the full text. When the author-assigned keywords were quantified, the results showed that from a total of 552 words from304 author-assigned keywords in 86 dissertations, 50 or 9% did not appear in the title or abstract while only one word from the total of 552 or .18% did not appear in the full text. Qualitatively, the LCSH terms showed a hierarchical construction that was clearly designed for a print card catalog, seemingly unnecessary in a random access digital environment. While author-assigned keywords were important words and phrases, these words and phrases often appeared in the title, metadata, and full text of the dissertation, making them seemingly unnecessary in a keyword search environment as they added no additional access points. Authors cited in this research have tended to agree that controlled vocabularies such as LCSH are complicated to develop and implement and expensive to maintain. Most researchers have also tended to agree that LCSH needs to be simplified for large, full text databases such as the Internet. Some of the researchers have also called for some form of automation that seamlessly links LCSH to subject terms in a keyword search. This research tends to confirm that LCSH could benefit from simplification as well as automation and offers some suggestions for improvements in both areas.
155

Automatické navrhování klíčových slov / Automatic Keyword Suggestion

Strachota, Tomáš January 2010 (has links)
This thesis surveys theoretical background for automatic keyword suggestion system. It contains overview of current statistical term recognition methods and methods for evaluation of automatic term recognition systems. Based on the known approach the thesis specifies possible enhancements. It explores unifying keywords using thesauri, input text filtering and correction of word forms.
156

Minneskedjemetoden som ordinlärningsstrategi : En jämförelse mellan minneskedjemetoden och listmodellen för elever i årskurs 9 som studerar franska

Swärd, Elias January 2020 (has links)
I denna studie studerades effekten av minneskedjemetoden på svenska studerandes förvärv av ordförråd. Ett experiment genomfördes med 19 elever i två klasser för 14 franska ord. Den ena klassen instruerades att använda minneskedjemetoden, medan den andra fick instruktioner om att använda listmodellen. Grupperna testades efter en vecka. Resultatet visade att minneskedjegruppen presterade bättre på åtta av de totalt tolv orden på ordtestet en vecka senare. Detta resultat motsvarade inte resultaten från liknande studier utförda av Wang et al. (1992) och Carney &amp; Levin (1998). I analysen diskuteras aspekter som kan ha påverkat resultatet. En undersökning genomfördes också med frågor om vilka minnesstrategier eleverna använde före experimentet. Resultatet från undersökningen visade att den vanligaste strategin bland studenterna var listmodellen. Slutsatserna är att minneskedjemetoden var effektiv för svenska gymnasieelever och att skapa en interaktiv mental bild inklusive nyckelordet och översättningsordet är avgörande för metodens effektivitet. / The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the keyword method on Swedish student’s vocabulary acquisition. An experiment was conducted with 19 students in two classes for 14 French words. One class was instructed to use the keyword method, while the other was instructed to use the rote rehearsal method. The groups were tested after one week. The result showed that the keyword group performed better on the word test one week later. This result did not correspond with the results from similar studies conducted by Wang et al. (1992) and Carney &amp; Levin (1998). In the analysis, aspects are discussed that may have affected the result. A survey was also conducted with questions about which mnemonic strategies the students used before the experiment. The result from the survey showed that the most frequent strategy among the students was the rote rehearsal method. The study demonstrates that the keyword method was more efficient for Swedish high school students and that creating an interactive mental image including the keyword and the translation word is crucial for the effectiveness of the method.
157

Summarization and keyword extraction on customer feedback data : Comparing different unsupervised methods for extracting trends and insight from text

Skoghäll, Therése, Öhman, David January 2022 (has links)
Polestar has during the last couple of months more than doubled its amount of customer feedback, and the forecast for the future is that this amount will increase even more. Manually reading this feedback is expensive and time-consuming, and for this reason there's a need to automatically analyse the customer feedback. The company wants to understand the customer and extract trends and topics that concerns the consumer in order to improve the customer experience. Over the last couple of years as Natural Language Processing developed immensely, new state of the art language models have pushed the boundaries in all type of benchmark tasks. In this thesis have three different extractive summarization models and three different keyword extraction methods been tested and evaluated based on two different quantitative measures and human evaluation to extract information from text. This master thesis has shown that extractive summarization models with a Transformer-based text representation are best at capturing the context in a text. Based on the quantitative results and the company's needs, Textrank with a Transformer-based embedding was chosen as the final extractive summarization model. For Keywords extraction was the best overall model YAKE!, based on the quantitative measure and human validation
158

Using WordNet Synonyms and Hypernyms in Automatic Topic Detection

Wargärde, Nicko January 2020 (has links)
Detecting topics by extracting keywords from written text using TF-IDF has been studied and successfully used in many applications. Adding a semantic layer to TF-IDF-based topic detection using WordNet synonyms and hypernyms has been explored in document clustering by assigning concepts that describe texts or by adding all synonyms and hypernyms that occurring words have to a list of keywords. A new method where TF-IDF scores are calculated and WordNet synset members’ TF-IDFscores are added together to all occurring synonyms and/or hypernyms is explored in this paper. Here, such an approach is evaluated by comparing extracted keywords using TF-IDF and the new proposed method, SynPlusTF-IDF, against manually assigned keywords in a database of scientific abstracts. As topic detection is widely used in many contexts and applications, improving current methods is of great value as the methods can become more accurate at extracting correct and relevant keywords from written text. An experiment was conducted comparing the two methods and their accuracy measured using precision and recall and by calculating F1-scores.The F1-scores ranged from 0.11131 to 0.14264 for different variables and the results show that SynPlusTF-IDF is not better at topic detection compared to TF-IDF and both methods performed poorly at topic detection with the chosen dataset.
159

Compréhension des sources et des processus de formation de la pollution particulaire en région Ile-de-France / Sources and formation processes of aerosol pollution over the Ile-de-France region

Petit, Jean-Eudes 29 October 2014 (has links)
Pas de résumé / No summary
160

Student Interaction Network Analysis on Canvas LMS

Desai, Urvashi 01 May 2020 (has links)
No description available.

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