A local urban school district recently reported that 86% of third graders did not demonstrate proficiency on the Math Standardized Test, which challenges students to solve problems and justify solutions. It is beneficial if these skills are developed prior to third grade. Students may be more academically successful if kindergarten teachers have moderate to high self-efficacy when teaching lessons that focus on justifying solutions. Bandura's self-efficacy theory was incorporated into this study as the conceptual framework lens. Research questions were designed to investigate kindergarten teachers' instruction in mathematics that focused on justifying solutions, their self-efficacy in challenging students to justify solutions, and the identification of professional development. Voluntary participants for this study were selected from the 11 elementary schools in the district. Within the 11 elementary schools, there were 33 lead teachers who were invited to participate in the study and 7 agreed to participate in interviews and observations. The data were analyzed using both situation and strategy coding. The analysis of the data revealed a connection between professional development, self-efficacy, and instructional strategies. A relationship was identified between professional development and the teachers' ability to challenge students to problem solve and justify solutions. These findings may be valuable for early childhood stakeholders within the education field. Professional development tends to improve the self-efficacy of teachers and the instructional strategies they incorporate.

Examining teacher attitudes about the impact of Standards-Based Reform (SBR) and No Child Left Behind (NCLB) on current teaching practices in kindergarten classrooms was the focus of this mixed-methods study. The investigation was designed to survey classroom teachers concerning activities and opinions about enactment of governmental policy, One hundred-nine kindergarten teachers responded to a questionnaire about beliefs, educational level, years of kindergarten teaching, and classroom practices. Follow-up semi-structured interviews were carried out with ten teachers to gather information on attitudes, beliefs, and implementation of policy. Quantitative analysis was used on practices and subject changes. Qualitative analysis was used to report attitude, procedural changes, and predictions concerning SBR and NCLB. Triangulation strengthened the study by examination of classroom practices and teacher reporting through plan book inspection.The quantitative research was conducted to measure changes through chi-square analysis to the questionnaire responses, Developmental teaching practices and subject changes were examined. Outcomes demonstrated that teaching practices had become more "blended" but more developmental than teacher-directed. Significant differences were noted in subject changes, confirming that language arts dominates the curriculum. Subjects not tested for NCLB were presented less,Ten teachers who had taught prior to initiation of SBR in Indiana (2000) were interviewed and their plan books were examined. Along with an open-ended question from the questionnaire, these responses provided the qualitative methodology. Analysis created six categories concerning the impact of SBR and NCLB on the child, the classroom, the family, the teacher and profession, and the future of education. Theories were developed that addressed the conflict educators feel between the Structure of legislation and the Humanistic components of teaching. This personal balance that teachers have created between Structure and Humanistic was influenced by a sense of independence garnered by support of principals. Teachers who taught in schools with structured, embedded programs aimed at raising test scores exhibited the most stress and lack of autonomy.This study resulted in five recommendations. They were: encourage developmental practices that support the individual child, increase the role of the parent in the educational partnership process, to support teacher inclusion in decision making to foster autonomy, and the need for professional organizations and teacher preparation programs to heed current teaching practices while supporting the developmental needs of the child. / Department of Elementary Education

本研究為探討幼兒教師人格特質、情緒智力與幼兒情緒能力之研究。目的為：一、了解幼兒教師人格特質、情緒智力及幼兒情緒能力之現況；二、分析幼兒教師不同背景變項（年齡、學歷、服務年資、婚姻狀況）在其人格特質、情緒智力之差異情形；三、分析幼兒不同背景變項（年齡、性別）在其情緒能力之差異情形；探究幼兒教師人格特質、情緒智力與幼兒情緒能力三者之相關情形；四、探究幼兒教師人格特質、情緒智力對幼兒情緒能力之預測力。 本研究以相關文獻及問卷「幼稚園教師人格特質問卷」、「臺灣地區幼稚園教師職場情緒智力量表」、「幼兒情緒能力發展量表」為研究工具探討。以分層隨機抽樣自臺北市12個行政區抽取研究對象，共計156位幼兒教師、422位4至6歲幼兒。依問卷所得資料以平均數、標準差、T檢定、Pearson積差相關、單因子變異數分析、多元逐步迴歸分析進行資料處理與分析。本研究主要結論如下： 壹、臺北市幼兒教師人格特質為正向，「謹慎負責性」最高；教師情緒智力偏中高， 「教保情緒表達」最佳；幼兒情緒能力佳，「情緒的覺察與辨識」最佳。 貳、臺北市幼兒教師「年齡越高、研究所畢業、已婚者」，在人格特質、情緒智力表 現較佳，「服務年資5年（含）以下」者則表現較差。 參、臺北市幼兒情緒能力，以「6足歲(含)以上」、「女性」幼兒最佳。 肆、臺北市幼兒教師人格特質「謹慎負責性、開放經驗性」與幼兒情緒能力有顯著正 相關；而教師人格特質的「外向性、情緒穩定度」則與幼兒情緒能力有顯著負相 關。 伍、臺北市幼兒教師情緒智力的「教保社交技巧」與幼兒情緒能力的「情緒的表達」 有顯著正相關、和幼兒情緒能力的「情緒的調適」有顯著負相關。 陸、臺北市幼兒教師人格特質與情緒智力之構面間有顯著正、負相關。 柒、臺北市幼兒教師人格特質、情緒智力對幼兒情緒能力具有預測力。

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

本研究旨在探討幼稚園教師組織文化知覺、創意人格對於其創意教學之影響及三者之關係。首先瞭解幼稚園教師組織文化知覺、創意人格與創意教學之現況；其次分析不同園所屬性與教師個人變項在三者之差異情形；第三，分析幼稚園教師組織文化知覺、創意人格與創意教學三者之相關性；最後，以多元迴歸及結構方程模式分析幼稚園教師組織文化知覺與創意人格對其創意教學之預測力，以及三者結構方程模式之適配情形。 本研究透過文獻探討以及問卷調查法來瞭解上述研究目的，利用「診斷組織文化測驗」、改編之「創造性人格量表（Creative Personality Scale）」以及自編之「教師創意教學量表」為研究工具。以台北市公、私立幼稚園教師為研究母群體，並藉由兩階段抽樣方式抽取107所園所，321位教師為主要研究對象。共發出321份問卷，整體回收率有效問卷為63%。問卷回收後，使用SPSS14.0統計軟體及AMOS5.0進行描述性統計、信度分析、初探性與驗證性因素分析、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、Tukey多重比較、皮爾森積差相關、多元迴歸以及結構方程模式來分析資料。本研究主要結論如下： 壹、幼稚園教師所知覺之組織文化類型為「階層型文化」，且教師整體而言具高度創意人格與創意教學，且以「積極靈巧」之特質最為明顯；且能省思自己的教學目標。 貳、教師年齡與年資差異存在於其創意人格及創意教學中，其中，教師年齡越長、越資深，越具有明確的教學目標，在教學方法與評量上也越具創意。學歷程度之差異則存在於其創意教學中，且顯示教育研究所畢業之教師創意教學程度高於一般大學畢業之幼稚園教師。 參、共識型組織文化與創意教學相關程度最高。然，共識型的組織文化雖有助於教師創意教學的產生，但不保證教師能有高度的教學創意。 肆、教師本身之創意人格與創意教學有高度相關，且比幼稚園組織文化更能預測其教學創意程度。 伍、「共識型文化」、「發展型文化」、「理性型文化」三種文化類型與教師創意人格及創意教學之結構方程模式適配度尚可接受。 最後，研究者根據上述研究結論針對幼稚園、幼稚園教師以及未來之研究提出建議，以期對未來學前階段之創造力教育有所助益。 / The main purposes of this study was to: (a) understand the current situation of the teachers’ awareness of organizational culture of kindergartens, creative personalities and creative teaching; (b) explore the data of the teachers’ awareness of organizational culture of kindergartens, creative personalities and creative teaching between different backgrounds and influencing factors; (c) analyze the relationship between these three variables; (d) explore the predictive power of the teachers’ awareness of organizational culture of kindergartens and creative personalities on the creative teaching;(e)use SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) to explore the goodness-of-fit of the model between the teachers’ awareness of organizational culture of kindergartens, creative personalities and creative teaching. To accomplish these purposes, the methods adopted were a comprehensive literature review and a questionnaire. Three scales were used to measure the following constructs: “Creative personality scale”, “Diagnosing Corporate Culture”, and “Creative Teaching Scale for Kindergarten Teachers”. A total of 215 teachers from 107 kindergartens (both public and private schools) participated in this survey in Taipei, and with an effective response rate of 63%. The questionnaire data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Cronbach αcoefficient analysis, explorative factor analysis, confirmative factor analysis, T-test, one way ANOVA, Tukey posteriority comparison, Pearson’s correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling through the use of SPSS14.0 for windows and AMOS5.0.The major results were summarized as follows: 1. The teachers’ awareness of organizational culture of kindergartens is an Internal Process Model (a bureaucratic type). Teachers are smart with high scores on creative personality and high scores on creative teaching, especially in the aspect of teachers’ teaching goals. 2. Teachers with over 21 years of teaching experience are more creative on teaching than the beginning teachers with only 1 year of teaching experience. Furthermore, the young teachers have less creative personalities than the older teachers. Besides, the teachers with a master degree in education are more creative on teaching than teachers with a bachelor degree in other fields than education. 3. A human relations model may contribute to teachers’ creative teaching, but would not necessarily bring about teachers’ high creative teaching. 4. Teachers’ creative personality is more predictable than the organizational culture of kindergartens. 5. The goodness-of-fit of the models between the teachers’ awareness of organizational culture of kindergartens, creative personalities and creative teaching are acceptable, especially in the human relation model, open system model and rational goal model. Keywords: Kindergarten teachers, creative teaching, creative personality, the organizational culture of kindergartens, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)

近年來，我國出生率逐年遞減，少子化的現象普遍存在，家長及社會對於幼兒的教育十分重視，幼教老師在教學實施上備受壓力；而網路與科技媒體的蓬勃發展，更促使幼教老師必須重新思考教學的方式。教師如要運用教學媒體教授幼兒知識，須具備一定的資訊素養，懂得從各種管道尋獲教學資源。 / 本研究針對台北市公立幼稚園教師進行研究，期瞭解幼兒教師的資訊尋求行為概況；探討教師如何利用圖書館和網路資源準備教學；分析教師如何運用資訊資源進行專業成長；並瞭解幼教老師利用Blog的經驗。透過問卷調查和深度訪談來瞭解幼教老師利用資訊資源於教學上之概況。 / 研究發現，台北市公立幼稚園教師仍以女性教師為主，大部分教育程度在大學以上，年齡則以41～50歲居多，教師教學經驗豐富，六成的教師已從事教學達15年以上。高達92.5％的教師會使用網際網路，教師具有中上的資訊素養能力，且學歷較高和新進教師的教師具有較高的資訊素養。教師使用多種管道找尋合適的資源與媒體以支援教學，並將其評估、處理成為教材。在找尋資源時會考量資訊的正確性與方便性。 / 關於利用圖書館資源準備教學方面：教師至圖書館的目的為找尋教學相關資源；使用校內圖書室和台北市立圖書館找尋教學資源；使用繪本和影音資料為主。在利用網路資源協助教學上：教師利用網路資源準備教學；應用網路多媒體協助教學實施；參與網路社群分享教學資源及經驗；藉由網路平台紀錄教學活動；與家長進行親師溝通。而利用資訊資源進行專業成長上教師透過閱讀獲取專業知識；利用網路資源自我學習，並進行個人知識管理。此外，教師亦會運用Blog搜尋教學資源、分享教學經驗、整理學生學習歷程檔案、建置幼稚園網頁、記錄教學與整理教師教學檔案及建置個人Blog。 / 最後建議：（1）教育主管機關應鼓勵教師參與線上讀書會與成長團體，精進個人之專業知識；辦理各式資訊素養研習以提昇教師的資訊素養能力；委託相關單位編製資源示意圖協助教師準備教學；建置幼教專業知識共享平台，便於教師找尋及取得資源、整理個人教學知識，持續進行個人專業成長。（2）幼稚園圖書室應與鄰近圖書館合作並共享資源；協助教師充分利用圖書館資源準備教學。（3）幼稚園教師應充分利用資訊資源支援教學活動、進行終身學習；積極參與網路社群，利用Blog等網路平台與家長共同指導幼兒。 關鍵字：幼稚園教師；資訊尋求行為；教師專業成長；部落格 / This research focused on the utilization of information resources of public kindergarten teachers in Taipei. The purpose is to reveal the information seeking behaviors of kindergarten teachers, such as how the teachers use the library and internet resources to prepare for teaching; how teachers use the information resources to upgrade teachers' professional development; and the use of Blog. The study applies the questionnaire and in-depth interview to find out how the kindergarten teachers use the information resources. / According to this study, most of public kindergarten teachers in Taipei are female, hold bachelor degree, and the majority of them are about forties to fifties. Teachers are well experienced. Ninety two point percent teachers are able to use internet, most teachers are well equipped with information literacy. / Finally, suggestion were made as follows: (1) The Department of Education, Taipei City Government should encourage teachers to participate the online reading club and growth group for enhancing professional development; conducting all kinds of information literacy courses, compiling the pathfinders and setting up professional portal for professional growth. (2) The kindergarten library should cooperate with the neighboring libraries to share resources, and play the important role in assisting teachers using information resources. (3) Kindergarten teachers should learn how to utilize the information resources widely for supporting the teaching and achieve the life-long learning; participating in internet communities to upgrade their professional knowledge and core competences; and use the Blog and other social software to instruct kids with their parents together. Keywords：Kindergarten Teachers；Information Seeking Behavior；Teachers' professional development；Blog

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

This paper explores the importance of providing teacher training in the use of technology to reap the benefits of adding computers to the classroom. It describes how a basic software program was used to create an interactive program to teach phonics in Spanish to kindergarten students in a Structured English Immersion Program. A benefit to having good phonemic awareness skills in Spanish is that it will help the student in developing phonemic awareness skills in English and will facilitate learning to read English words.