Background Incubators are important facilities for economic growth in society. The main purpose of incubators is to accelerate knowledge intensive firms onto their market by both providing resources and an entrepreneurial environment. Problem Companies within incubators are encouraged to share knowledge and experience with each other with the goal to stimulate development and invention of new technology. This exchange involves interaction on an inter-personal and inter-organizational level. Incubators need to create an open and transparent environment in order to enable this exchange on both levels. Purpose The purpose of this study is to enhance the understanding of how knowledge and experience exchange occurs within the context of incubator systems. By understanding how incubators can capture knowledge and learn from the incubator process, this study can contribute by insights of how the incubator process can be further improved. Method This bachelor thesis is written from an abductive approach and is based on a qualitative case study of Ideon Innovation in Lund. Five interviews contributed to the collection of empirical data where companies within incubator systems and the CEO of an incubator were included. Conclusion Knowledge exchange does not occur to the extent that theory and the management of Ideon Innovation suggests. Knowledge intensive firms constitutes each other’s networks and social environments where we have found new incubator effects such as motivation and the ability to talk out their anxiety related to their business. The match between companies close to each other within incubators can be controlled through managerial activities by the incubator to, in some degree, achieve more favorable market structures and a local environment that enables exchange of knowledge spillover. / Bakgrund                          Inkubatorer är viktiga faciliteter för ekonomisk tillväxt i dagen samhälle. Det huvudsakliga syftet för inkubatorer är att accelerera inkubatorföretag in på marknaden genom att erbjuda resurser och en entreprenöriell miljö. Problem                             Inom inkubatorer uppmuntras företag till dela med sig av sina kunskaper och erfarenheter till varandra med syfte till att stimulera utvecklingen och skapandet av ny innovation. Utbytet involverar interaktioner på interpersonell och interorganisatorisk nivå. Inkubatorer behöver därmed skapa en öppen och transparent miljö för att utbytet ska kunna ske på båda nivåerna. Syfte                                   Syftet med studien är att förbättra förståelsen för hur kunskap- och erfarenhetsutbyte sker inom inkubatorsystem. Genom en förståelse för hur inkubatorer kan ta åt sig kunskap och lära sig ifrån inkubatorprocessen, kan studien bidra med insikter om hur inkubatorprocessen ytterligare kan förbättras. Metod                                 Kandidatuppsatsen är skriven utifrån en abduktiv ansats och är baserade på en kvalitativ fallstudie på Ideon Innovation i Lund. Den empiriska insamlingen av data genomfördes genom fem intervjuer med företag inom inkubatorsystem och Vd:n för inkubatorn. Slutsats                               Kunskapsutbyte sker inte till den grad som teorin eller vad ledningen för Ideon Innovation förespråkar. Kunskapsintensiva företag utgör varandras nätverk och sociala miljö, och vi har funnit nya inkubatoreffekter som motivation och att företagen kan prata av sig ångest som relaterar till sin verksamhet. Genom manageriella aktiviter kan inkubatorn matcha rätt företag till att sitta nära varandra inom inkubatorn och därmed till viss grad nå mer eftertraktade konkurrenssituationer.

This essay aims to investigate the affects of interaction between different professions in a municipal project. In the project, professional representatives from the social services and schools have collaborated with staff in preschool/school and exchanged knowledge to improve the work around children with antisocial behavior. It is in this essays ambition to create an understanding of how professional practitioners, with a monopoly on certain knowledge, influences the possibilities and limitations of cooperation in a municipal project. This is examined through six qualitative interviews with members of an municipal project. By using theories about professionalization, social closure, alliance strategy and social control it is possible to understand how division into professions creates opportunities and limitations of interaction exchange in collaborative projects. The main conclusion is that well-established professions exclude other professions through social closure when they threaten to challenge the established knowledge monopoly. Project members who don’t challenge the established knowledge monopoly are accepted and an alliance between professions occurs. To succeed with the exchange of knowledge in projects between different professions, it is important to establish a common vision which can gather people's different knowledge and professional backgrounds and get them to strive for a common purpose. It is important to establish interaction for making the project members feel belonging and solidarity with the group.

Breakout session from the Living the Future 7 Conference, April 30-May 3, 2008, University of Arizona Libraries, Tucson, AZ. / The University of Arizona Libraries has developed several collaborative projects at local, regional and national levels. For example, the UA Libraries and the Office of Arid Land Studies at the University of Arizona have worked together on Rangelands West, a collaborative effort involving 19 Western land-grant universities. The UA Libraries and the Office of Arid Land Studies have recently partnered on a new initiative, the Sonoran Desert Knowledge Exchange (SDKE). SDKE is an emerging collaborative effort led by the UA Libraries involving more than 25 educational institutions, community organizations, and research centers. The presenters will share information about the vision of SDKE, the development and content of the project, discuss the roles of SDKE partners and participants, and examine the evolution of SDKE through the lens of collaboration. Issues surrounding the complexities of collaboration will be explored: How are transitions handled from library-led projects to more collaborative projects? What long-term vision is required to incorporate collaborative elements into project stages? What are the challenges and rewards of collaborative projects?

abstract: Regional differences of inventive activity and economic growth are important in economic geography. These differences are generally explained by the theory of localized knowledge spillovers, which argues that geographical proximity among economic actors fosters invention and innovation. However, knowledge production involves an increasing number of actors connecting to non-local partners. The space of knowledge flows is not tightly bounded in a given territory, but functions as a network-based system where knowledge flows circulate around alignments of actors in different and distant places. The purpose of this dissertation is to understand the dynamics of network aspects of knowledge flows in American biotechnology. The first research task assesses both spatial and network-based dependencies of biotechnology co-invention across 150 large U.S. metropolitan areas over four decades (1979, 1989, 1999, and 2009). An integrated methodology including both spatial and social network analyses are explicitly applied and compared. Results show that the network-based proximity better defines the U.S. biotechnology co-invention urban system in recent years. Co-patenting relationships of major biotechnology centers has demonstrated national and regional association since the 1990s. Associations retain features of spatial proximity especially in some Midwestern and Northeastern cities, but these are no longer the strongest features affecting co-inventive links. The second research task examines how biotechnology knowledge flows circulate over space by focusing on the structural properties of intermetropolitan co-invention networks. All analyses in this task are conducted using social network analysis. Evidence shows that the architecture of the U.S. co-invention networks reveals a trend toward more organized structures and less fragmentation over the four years of analysis. Metropolitan areas are increasingly interconnected into a large web of networked environment. Knowledge flows are less likely to be controlled by a small number of intermediaries. San Francisco, New York, Boston, and San Diego monopolize the central positions of the intermetropolitan co-invention network as major American biotechnology concentrations. The overall network-based system comes close to a relational core/periphery structure where core metropolitan areas are strongly connected to one another and to some peripheral areas. Peripheral metropolitan areas are loosely connected or even disconnected with each other. This dissertation provides empirical evidence to support the argument that technological collaboration reveals a network-based system associated with different or even distant geographical places, which is somewhat different from the conventional theory of localized knowledge spillovers that once dominated understanding of the role of geography in technological advance. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Geography 2011

A lack in infrastructure and skills, in an inherited Apartheid spatial legacy, leaves a critical opening for much needed added spatial value. By investigating and supporting existing networks and contributing to existing typologies, this dissertation speculates on educational resource infrastructure provision to marginalized communities in Pretoria, South Africa. It is a rethinking of our South African city landscapes and civic/pedagogical architectural offerings, manifesting a critical stance to foster a prosperous community that has the potential to thrive. Focusing a speculative knowledge exchange infrastructure intervention on already existing networks; this dissertation aims to resolve the potential of current typologies in urban planning, and the ability to foster a new teacher, pupil and community education infrastructure to empower local stakeholders to improve provided services. Building a prosperous future on top of past spatial inheritance. / Mini Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

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Yes / This paper outlines the remit of the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council KT-EQUAL (Knowledge Transfer for Extending Quality of Life for older and disabled people) programme. Case examples drawing on the range of activities undertaken by KT-EQUAL highlight where assistive technology developments have been facilitated, the value of network activities and an underpinning model of engagement and collaboration. Given an increasing emphasis on the impact of research the model and innovative approaches deployed by KT-EQUAL are even more crucial in future developments which aim to ensure that research can be used to benefit society.

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Jewellery as a tool in the identification of the deceased is increasingly referenced within the scientific process of Forensic Human Identification (FHI). Jewellery’s prevalence in society, connection to both place and geographic region, potential to corroborate primary methods of identification (such as DNA, fingerprinting, or odontology), and robust physical form, means it progressively contributes to practices surrounding identification in a number of forensic fields. Physical marks or characteristics such as hallmarks or serial numbers, personal inscriptions or engravings, representational symbols (such as medals, badges of office, religious iconography or military insignia), and genealogical or gemmological markings, may also prove useful in informing investigators much about a piece - and potentially - the individual to whom it may have belonged. Despite this, jewellery is an approach to establishing human identity that has yet to be explicitly investigated from the perspective of either forensic science or jewellery design. The aim of this research has been to explore the potential of jewellery and highlight its significance within this context, through employing the processes and approaches of design. Informed by my own background in both jewellery and service design; I sought to co-design the interdisciplinary proposition of Forensic Jewellery as an extension of my own personal design practice, in addition to a broader hybrid methodology through which the dualistic perspective(s) of both forensic science and jewellery design may come to be mutually explored. By centring my methodology upon my practice, the research serves to document and reflect upon my auto-ethnographic experiences in inadvertently ‘prototyping’ my emergent new role as a Forensic Jeweller – a jewellery designer engaged within, or whose work pertains to, the field of forensic science. Through a range of forensic-based fieldwork, I sought to immerse myself within various communities of forensic practice by way of considering how a design practitioner may come to add value to this otherwise polarised field - a highly subjective and interpretive framework that has remained wholly unconsidered within forensic science. In simultaneously considering the impact of the perspective of forensics upon the broader field of jewellery design, I came to capture some of the otherwise restricted narratives of Forensic Jewellery emerging from the developing research context through a series of theoretically-informed design ‘reconstructions’: objects, concepts, and scenarios (representational, propositional, and metaphorical); educational material, and series of public engagement activities. The research thus culminates in a unique portfolio of practice – written, conceptual, and visual – with relevance to both forensic science and jewellery design history, theory, and practice. Original contributions to knowledge are demonstrated through the direct study of jewellery within real-world forensic settings through combined theory and practice, while the theoretical and conceptual debates surrounding identity, death, and the human body present within the field of jewellery design are simultaneously extended through the inclusion of forensics as a perspective. The research additionally demonstrates how the visual and tangible sensibilities of design can help to attend to otherwise challenging, emotional, or difficult subjects, capture and communicate tacit knowledge or anecdotal evidence, and ultimately contribute to the development of new and emergent research contexts.

This paper aims to investigate the polarization present within the Design Thinking field ofresearch. Starting off from Johansson-Sköldberg et al. (2013), who first identified the distinctionbetween the two discourses Designerly Thinking and Design Thinking in 2010, we constructed a literature review and a framework of analysis based on conception of knowledge and its relationto the advancement of a research field. We claim that root-causes of the polarization derive from different knowledge bases, which then inhibit knowledge exchange as well as production. We conclude the paper by providing a suggestion for a way forward, claiming the applicability ofEngaged Scholarship within the realm of Design Thinking to make the field of research progresscreating relevance for both practitioners and scholars.