Background Incubators are important facilities for economic growth in society. The main purpose of incubators is to accelerate knowledge intensive firms onto their market by both providing resources and an entrepreneurial environment. Problem Companies within incubators are encouraged to share knowledge and experience with each other with the goal to stimulate development and invention of new technology. This exchange involves interaction on an inter-personal and inter-organizational level. Incubators need to create an open and transparent environment in order to enable this exchange on both levels. Purpose The purpose of this study is to enhance the understanding of how knowledge and experience exchange occurs within the context of incubator systems. By understanding how incubators can capture knowledge and learn from the incubator process, this study can contribute by insights of how the incubator process can be further improved. Method This bachelor thesis is written from an abductive approach and is based on a qualitative case study of Ideon Innovation in Lund. Five interviews contributed to the collection of empirical data where companies within incubator systems and the CEO of an incubator were included. Conclusion Knowledge exchange does not occur to the extent that theory and the management of Ideon Innovation suggests. Knowledge intensive firms constitutes each other’s networks and social environments where we have found new incubator effects such as motivation and the ability to talk out their anxiety related to their business. The match between companies close to each other within incubators can be controlled through managerial activities by the incubator to, in some degree, achieve more favorable market structures and a local environment that enables exchange of knowledge spillover. / Bakgrund                          Inkubatorer är viktiga faciliteter för ekonomisk tillväxt i dagen samhälle. Det huvudsakliga syftet för inkubatorer är att accelerera inkubatorföretag in på marknaden genom att erbjuda resurser och en entreprenöriell miljö. Problem                             Inom inkubatorer uppmuntras företag till dela med sig av sina kunskaper och erfarenheter till varandra med syfte till att stimulera utvecklingen och skapandet av ny innovation. Utbytet involverar interaktioner på interpersonell och interorganisatorisk nivå. Inkubatorer behöver därmed skapa en öppen och transparent miljö för att utbytet ska kunna ske på båda nivåerna. Syfte                                   Syftet med studien är att förbättra förståelsen för hur kunskap- och erfarenhetsutbyte sker inom inkubatorsystem. Genom en förståelse för hur inkubatorer kan ta åt sig kunskap och lära sig ifrån inkubatorprocessen, kan studien bidra med insikter om hur inkubatorprocessen ytterligare kan förbättras. Metod                                 Kandidatuppsatsen är skriven utifrån en abduktiv ansats och är baserade på en kvalitativ fallstudie på Ideon Innovation i Lund. Den empiriska insamlingen av data genomfördes genom fem intervjuer med företag inom inkubatorsystem och Vd:n för inkubatorn. Slutsats                               Kunskapsutbyte sker inte till den grad som teorin eller vad ledningen för Ideon Innovation förespråkar. Kunskapsintensiva företag utgör varandras nätverk och sociala miljö, och vi har funnit nya inkubatoreffekter som motivation och att företagen kan prata av sig ångest som relaterar till sin verksamhet. Genom manageriella aktiviter kan inkubatorn matcha rätt företag till att sitta nära varandra inom inkubatorn och därmed till viss grad nå mer eftertraktade konkurrenssituationer.

This essay aims to investigate the affects of interaction between different professions in a municipal project. In the project, professional representatives from the social services and schools have collaborated with staff in preschool/school and exchanged knowledge to improve the work around children with antisocial behavior. It is in this essays ambition to create an understanding of how professional practitioners, with a monopoly on certain knowledge, influences the possibilities and limitations of cooperation in a municipal project. This is examined through six qualitative interviews with members of an municipal project. By using theories about professionalization, social closure, alliance strategy and social control it is possible to understand how division into professions creates opportunities and limitations of interaction exchange in collaborative projects. The main conclusion is that well-established professions exclude other professions through social closure when they threaten to challenge the established knowledge monopoly. Project members who don’t challenge the established knowledge monopoly are accepted and an alliance between professions occurs. To succeed with the exchange of knowledge in projects between different professions, it is important to establish a common vision which can gather people's different knowledge and professional backgrounds and get them to strive for a common purpose. It is important to establish interaction for making the project members feel belonging and solidarity with the group.

Breakout session from the Living the Future 7 Conference, April 30-May 3, 2008, University of Arizona Libraries, Tucson, AZ. / The University of Arizona Libraries has developed several collaborative projects at local, regional and national levels. For example, the UA Libraries and the Office of Arid Land Studies at the University of Arizona have worked together on Rangelands West, a collaborative effort involving 19 Western land-grant universities. The UA Libraries and the Office of Arid Land Studies have recently partnered on a new initiative, the Sonoran Desert Knowledge Exchange (SDKE). SDKE is an emerging collaborative effort led by the UA Libraries involving more than 25 educational institutions, community organizations, and research centers. The presenters will share information about the vision of SDKE, the development and content of the project, discuss the roles of SDKE partners and participants, and examine the evolution of SDKE through the lens of collaboration. Issues surrounding the complexities of collaboration will be explored: How are transitions handled from library-led projects to more collaborative projects? What long-term vision is required to incorporate collaborative elements into project stages? What are the challenges and rewards of collaborative projects?

abstract: Regional differences of inventive activity and economic growth are important in economic geography. These differences are generally explained by the theory of localized knowledge spillovers, which argues that geographical proximity among economic actors fosters invention and innovation. However, knowledge production involves an increasing number of actors connecting to non-local partners. The space of knowledge flows is not tightly bounded in a given territory, but functions as a network-based system where knowledge flows circulate around alignments of actors in different and distant places. The purpose of this dissertation is to understand the dynamics of network aspects of knowledge flows in American biotechnology. The first research task assesses both spatial and network-based dependencies of biotechnology co-invention across 150 large U.S. metropolitan areas over four decades (1979, 1989, 1999, and 2009). An integrated methodology including both spatial and social network analyses are explicitly applied and compared. Results show that the network-based proximity better defines the U.S. biotechnology co-invention urban system in recent years. Co-patenting relationships of major biotechnology centers has demonstrated national and regional association since the 1990s. Associations retain features of spatial proximity especially in some Midwestern and Northeastern cities, but these are no longer the strongest features affecting co-inventive links. The second research task examines how biotechnology knowledge flows circulate over space by focusing on the structural properties of intermetropolitan co-invention networks. All analyses in this task are conducted using social network analysis. Evidence shows that the architecture of the U.S. co-invention networks reveals a trend toward more organized structures and less fragmentation over the four years of analysis. Metropolitan areas are increasingly interconnected into a large web of networked environment. Knowledge flows are less likely to be controlled by a small number of intermediaries. San Francisco, New York, Boston, and San Diego monopolize the central positions of the intermetropolitan co-invention network as major American biotechnology concentrations. The overall network-based system comes close to a relational core/periphery structure where core metropolitan areas are strongly connected to one another and to some peripheral areas. Peripheral metropolitan areas are loosely connected or even disconnected with each other. This dissertation provides empirical evidence to support the argument that technological collaboration reveals a network-based system associated with different or even distant geographical places, which is somewhat different from the conventional theory of localized knowledge spillovers that once dominated understanding of the role of geography in technological advance. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Geography 2011

A lack in infrastructure and skills, in an inherited Apartheid spatial legacy, leaves a critical opening for much needed added spatial value. By investigating and supporting existing networks and contributing to existing typologies, this dissertation speculates on educational resource infrastructure provision to marginalized communities in Pretoria, South Africa. It is a rethinking of our South African city landscapes and civic/pedagogical architectural offerings, manifesting a critical stance to foster a prosperous community that has the potential to thrive. Focusing a speculative knowledge exchange infrastructure intervention on already existing networks; this dissertation aims to resolve the potential of current typologies in urban planning, and the ability to foster a new teacher, pupil and community education infrastructure to empower local stakeholders to improve provided services. Building a prosperous future on top of past spatial inheritance. / Mini Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

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Learning from each other and knowledge exchange matter in achieving transitions toward more sustainability. Cycling promotion is substantive in these complex transitions. The thesis was a first attempt to examine and contribute knowledge to comprehend whether mentoring assisted practitioners to understand, navigate, and operate in the complex context of sustainability transitions. Hence, this thesis investigated the European project CIVITAS Handshake which is the first of its kind introducing mentoring relationships initiating such exchange between European cities that differ in their cycling planning experiences. The qualitative data analysis included semi-structured interviews of eight project participants, written answers of two informants of a project partner organization, and material produced during the project. The research suggests mentoring to be an assisting tool for practitioners and their planning activities on an individual basis. As these activities are situated in the complex context of sustainability transitions, mentoring also assisted in better understanding, navigating, and operating in this setting. Their participation in such interactions is socially significant as they are involved in decision-making in (mobility) planning toward more sustainability. However, the difficulty of tacit knowledge transfer and conversion, and the handling of learning individuals within organizations limit mentoring’s assistance. These constraints need future engagement and reflection.

Purpose - This study explores how knowledge exchange between sales and marketing can enhance data-driven marketing initiatives for firms in the high-tech process industry. Additionally, the study aims to identify the factors that drive alignment and collaboration between sales and marketing interfaces from a dynamic capability perspective. Method - This master's thesis is an exploratory study with an inductive approach. 10 qualitative interviews were conducted with employees from a high-tech process automation company, specifically those working in marketing and sales roles. The interviews follow a semi-structured approach, and a thematic analysis was performed to examine the empirical findings. Findings - The study emphasizes the significance of collaboration, knowledge exchange, and functional alignment between sales and marketing, in the context of data-driven marketing and the sales lead generation. By applying a dynamic capability framework, the study sheds light on how firms can leverage knowledge exchange and functional alignment to capitalize on market opportunities and gain a competitive advantage.  Theoretical and practical contributions - The study delves into the underexplored realm of data-driven marketing within the high-tech process industry, particularly focusing on the intricate dynamics between sales and marketing functions during the lead generation process. Through its analysis, the research not only enriches theoretical understanding but also offers practical insights for managers in the high-tech process industry, providing some recommendations to enhance collaboration, knowledge exchange, and optimize data-driven marketing initiatives. / Syfte - Denna studie undersöker hur kunskapsutbyte mellan försäljning och marknadsföring kan förbättra datadrivna marknadsföring initiativ för företag inom högteknologisk processindustri. Dessutom syftar studien till att identifiera de faktorer som driver linjering och samarbete mellan försäljning och marknadsföring, ur ett perspektiv från teorier inom Dynamic Capabilities.  Metod - Denna uppsats är en explorativ studie med en induktiv ansats. 10 kvalitativa intervjuer har genomförts med anställda på ett företag inom högteknologisk process automation, specifikt de som arbetar inom marknadsföring och försäljning. Intervjuerna har följt en semi-strukturerad metod och en tematisk analys har genomförts för att undersöka de empiriska resultaten. Resultat - Studien betonar vikten av samarbete, kunskapsutbyte och funktionell linjeringen mellan försäljning och marknadsföring, i kontexten av datadriven marknadsföring och sales lead generation. I studien har teorier inom Dynamic Capabilities belyst studien, mer specifikt hur företag kan utnyttja kunskapsutbyte och funktionell linjeringen för att utnyttja marknadsmöjligheter och skapa konkurrensfördelar. Teoretiska och praktiska bidrag - Studien utforskar det underutvecklade området datadriven marknadsföring inom högteknologisk processindustri, med särskilt fokus på de komplexa dynamikerna mellan försäljnings- och marknadsförings funktioner under processen för sales lead generation. Genom sin analys berikar forskningen inte bara den teoretiska utan erbjuder också praktiska insikter för chefer inom högteknologisk processindustri, med rekommendationer för att förbättra samarbete, kunskapsutbyte och optimera datadrivna marknadsföring initiativ.

Yes / This paper outlines the remit of the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council KT-EQUAL (Knowledge Transfer for Extending Quality of Life for older and disabled people) programme. Case examples drawing on the range of activities undertaken by KT-EQUAL highlight where assistive technology developments have been facilitated, the value of network activities and an underpinning model of engagement and collaboration. Given an increasing emphasis on the impact of research the model and innovative approaches deployed by KT-EQUAL are even more crucial in future developments which aim to ensure that research can be used to benefit society.