Dans une période marquée par un bouleversement des systèmes d’information et de santé et de la place de la maladie dans la société, la question du rapport au savoir en santé devient essentielle. La relation soignant-soigné, anciennement vécue sur un mode passif, est aujourd’hui un échange actif de savoirs entre deux individus et deux mondes sociaux, partenaires. Ces constats remettent en cause les rapports soignant-soigné, entre savoir savant et savoir profane, et les modèles de pratiques existants. En alliant les atouts des sciences de l’éducation à celles des modélisations mathématiques, nous avons caractérisé comment les patients atteints d’asthme ou d’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire échangeaient de l’information et des savoirs avec les pharmaciens de ville et hospitaliers. La méthodologie générale faisait appel à la stratégie de triangulation et se divisait en 4 parties : une analyse de la littérature, un remue-méninges, une analyse de contenu de 39 entretiens semi-dirigés, une étude statistique utilisant l’analyse des correspondances simples basée sur un questionnaire diffusé à 124 patients. La nature de l’échange de savoirs (ES) était composée de 3 dimensions interdépendantes que nous avons modélisée : « Modèle 3 C : cure, care et coordination ». L’intensité et la nature de l’ES variaient selon le type de pharmacien impliqué, la maladie, sa durée, son grade de sévérité, l’âge, le niveau d’apprenance, les représentations des patients vis-à-vis des pharmaciens et des médicaments. Le partenariat avec les professionnels de santé, le patient et les aidants, constituait une composante indispensable et facilitatrice de l’ES. L’ES contribuait à l’autoformation des patients pour acquérir des compétences d’autosoins et mieux gérer leur maladie chronique et ses impacts. Nous avons mis en évidence que le pharmacien s’apparentait à un facilitateur de l’autoformation des patients, de l’éducation diffuse et du bricolage des savoirs ; la pharmacie, officinale ou hospitalière constituait l’embryon d’un tiers-lieu. / In this period of change characterized by a disruption of information and health systems, the relationship issue of knowledge becomes more essential. The healthcare professional-patient relationship, formerly based on a passive mode, has become an active exchange of knowledge between two individuals and two social worlds, seen as partners. These observations challenge the healthcare professional -patient relationship, between scholar and lay knowledge, and existing practice models. Combining the strengths of Education Sciences to those of mathematical modeling, this work allows us accurately characterizing how patients with asthma or pulmonary arterial hypertension shared information and knowledge with both community and hospital pharmacists. This study uses a triangulation strategy and combines 4 parts: a literature analysis, a brainstorming, a content analysis of 39 semi-directed interviews and a correspondance analysis based on a questionnaire submitted to 124 patients. The nature of knowledge exchange consisted in 3 interrelated dimensions that we modeled : “3C Model: Cure, Care and Coordination”. The exchange intensity and nature varied with the type of pharmacist involved, the pathology, the severity and disease duration, the patient age, the knowledge level. The patient representations towards pharmacists and medicine also influenced the nature. We identified that the partnership between healthcare professionals, patients and caregivers was a fundamental component and a facilitator of knowledge exchange. We found that the knowledge exchange contributed to the self-training of patient to acquire self-care skills and better manage their chronic disease and its impacts. Finally, this study allowed highlighting (1) the pharmacist was a facilitator of patients selftraining, diffuse education and self-made knowledge; (2) the community and hospital pharmacies were the location where all these take place, as a third place.

Studiens syfte är att öka förståelsen om arbetet med klimatanpassning och hur frågan kan integreras i kommunala sektorer som inte har klimatanpassning som sitt främsta uppdrag. Genom att öka kunskapen om det praktiska arbetet inom utbildnings- samt vård och omsorgssektorer bidrar studien med insikter om faktorer som påverkar effektiviteten av integrering av klimatanpassning. Arbetet bygger på totalt 10 semistrukturerade intervjuer med nyckelpersoner inom kommunala utbildnings- samt vård- och omsorgssektorer i Norrköping. Intervjuerna gav en bred bild av medarbetarnas erfarenheter och insyn genom deras dagliga arbete. Materialet analyserades och diskuterades i relation till vad tidigare forskning kommit fram till. Resultatet visar att arbetet med klimatanpassning inom kommunen har kommit långt, men att det saknas en klar strategi för hur kommunens riktlinjer för klimatanpassning ska integreras i organisationen. Identifierade faktorer för en effektiv implementering är tydligt uppsatta mål, koordination, politiskt engagemang, ökade och riktade ekonomiska resurser samt kunskapsutbyte. / The purpose of the study is to increase the understanding of the work with climate adaptation and how the issue can be integrated in municipal sectors that do not have climate adaptation as their main task. By increasing the knowledge of the practical work in education- as well as care and nursing sectors, the study add insights into factors that influences the effectiveness of the integration of climate adaptation. The work is based on 10 semi-structured interviews with key staff within education as well as care and nursing sectors in Norrköping municipality. The interviews provided a broad overview of experiences and insights by the staff through their daily work. The material was analyzed and discussed in relation to what previous research had concluded. The results show that the work with climate adaptation within the municipality has come a long way, but that there is no clear strategy for how the municipal guidelines for climate adaptation should be integrated into the organization. Found factors for an effective implementation are clearly set goals, coordination, political commitment, increased and targeted financial resources and knowledge exchange.

Die wachsende Anzahl an Robotikanwendungen, in denen mehrere Roboter ein gemeinsames Ziel verfolgen, erfordert eine gesonderte Betrachtung der Interaktion zwischen diesen Robotern mit Bezug auf den damit entstehenden Datenaustausch. Dieser muss hierbei effizient betrieben werden und die Sicherheit des gesamt Systems gewährleisten. Diese Masterarbeit stellt eine Simulationsumgebung vor, welche anhand von Testszenarien und Austauschstrategien Roboterkonstellationen prüft und Messergebnisse ausliefert. Zu Beginn der Arbeit werden drei Datenaustauschverfahren betrachtet und anschließend Publikationen vorgestellt, in denen Datenaustausch betrieben wird und Simulatoren für die Nutzbarkeit der Simulationsumgebung untersucht. Die anschließenden Kapitel behandeln das Konzept und die Implementierung der Testumgebung erläutert, wobei Roboter aus einer Menge von Hardware Komponenten und Zielen beschrieben werden. Der Aufbau des Experiments umfasst die verschiedenen Umgebungen, Testszenarien und Roboterkonfiguration. Der Aufbau beschreibt die Grundlage für die Auswertung der Testergebnisse.

The Covid-19 pandemic has forced organisations to review their working methods and adapt to the prevailing circumstances. One such change has been the need to increasingly allow employees to be onboarded and work from home. An onboarding process that is only based on digital communication has proven to be less effective and lower the understanding of the work role. Furthermore, the biggest challenge with remote onboarding is often to introduce employees to the organisation's culture and teams. This essay thus aims to describe and analyse remote onboarding in regard to the feeling of connection to the team, based on the perceptions of new employees. The research question for this thesis is thereby: - How does employees experience remote onboarding during Covid-19 and how does it affect the feeling of connection to the rest of the team? The study has an exploratory purpose and is of a qualitative approach. The empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 participants who have been employed during the pandemic and experienced remote onboarding. The results of the interviews have been analysed on the basis of theories about onboarding, learning and socialisation process. The results of the study show that it is valuable to reflect on how meetings in the digital context can replace the physical meetings. Regarding the design of the onboarding process, it must beensured that the interaction space usually offered on-site must be able to be replaced digitally for a new employee to get a sense of connection to the team. The discussion of the results has also shown that knowledge exchange can be linked to organisational learning, and this is closely linked to certain aspects of how a new employee can adapt to the organisational culture and have a successful remote onboarding and socialisation process.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka förskolepersonals upplevelse av socialtjänst, utifrån förskolepersonalens professionsperspektiv, kopplat till upplevd oro för barn i förskolan. En kvalitativ metod har använts där sex respondenter har deltagit i semistrukturerade intervjuer, där inkluderingskriterierna var att intervjupersonen arbetar i en kommun i Mellansverige med mindre än 20 000 invånare och minst tre års erfarenhet av arbetet som förskolepersonal. Resultatet visar att förskolepersonals möjligheter att göra en orosanmälan begränsas av riktlinjerna på förskolan och att det är rektorn som avgör om en orosanmälan ska göras, men även av svårigheter att definiera oro, kunskaper gällande lagtext och föräldrakontakt. Gällande upplevelsen av kommunikationen upplever förskolepersonal socialtjänsten som frånvarande. Återkoppling gällande orosanmälningar samt ett ökat engagemang från socialtjänsten att verka för att informera och göra sig synliga för förskolorna önskas. För att nyansera kommunikationen professionerna emellan och vad som påverkar förskolepersonal gällande oro om att ett barn far illa, har systemteori samt anknytningsteori använts. Föreliggande studies slutsats är att kommunikationen mellan förskola och socialtjänst bör förbättras och ansvaret till förbättring placeras på båda professionerna. / The aim of this study is to research preschool teacher’s experience of the social services, from the preschool teachers’ professional perspective, linked to perceived concerns for children in the preschool. A qualitative method is used. Six respondents participated in semi-structured interviews. All interviewees work in a municipality in Central Sweden with less than 20 000 inhabitants and have at least three years' experience as a preschool teacher. The results show that preschool teachers’ opportunities to report a concern are limited by guidelines and that the principal decides whether a report is made, but also by difficulties in defining concerns, parent contact and knowledge regarding legislations. Furthermore, the preschool teachers experience the social services as absent. Feedback regarding reports of abuse and increased commitment from the social services to inform and make themselves visible for the preschools is requested. Systems theory and attachment theory is used in order to nuance the communication between the professionals and what affects the preschool teachers regarding concerns that a child is at risk of being abused. This study concludes that communication between the two professions need improvement and that the responsibility for this is placed on both professions.

Las interacciones entre los agentes del sistema de innovación son una pieza clave para el fomento del intercambio de conocimiento, los procesos de aprendizaje y el proceso innovador. El análisis de las interacciones entre universidades y organismos públicos de investigación (ciencia) y los agentes del entorno social (sociedad) ha recibido una gran atención en la comunidad científica, entre otras razones, porque los resultados de estas interacciones pueden tener implicaciones en el diseño de las políticas de ciencia e innovación y en la gestión de la organización. En esta tesis se analizan las interacciones entre los investigadores del área de ciencias sociales y humanidades (CCSSHH) y los agentes sociales, dado que es un colectivo que ha sido escasamente estudiado desde esta perspectiva y presenta características específicas respecto a otros ámbitos científicos. Los tres estudios que componen la tesis abordan aspectos diferentes del tema objeto de estudio y se basan en datos empíricos obtenidos mediante encuestas y entrevistas realizadas en el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). El primer estudio pretende averiguar si la utilidad del conocimiento producido en las CCSSHH es menor que en las STEM (acrónimo inglés para ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas), tal como los enfoques de las políticas científicas al uso parecen presuponer al establecer medidas basadas en indicadores difíciles de aplicar a este colectivo (licencias de patentes, contratos de I+D con empresas, creación de spin off). El análisis empírico realizado muestra que los resultados de las investigaciones en CCSSHH no son menos útiles que los de las STEM porque, en ambos casos, hay agentes sociales interesados en ellos. Sin embargo, se aprecia que el tipo de mecanismo de colaboración varía entre áreas del conocimiento, al igual que el tipo de agente social con el cual los investigadores interactúan. Las empresas predominan entre los agentes sociales con los cuales colaboran los investigadores de las STEM mientras que los de CCSSHH colaboran con un grupo más variado de agentes sociales (i.e. administraciones, organizaciones no gubernamentales, etc.). El segundo estudio explora en qué medida los grupos de investigación del área de CCSSHH se relacionan con una variedad de agentes sociales mediante cauces no formalizados. Para ello, se realizan dos análisis complementarios (cuantitativo y cualitativo). Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que la mayoría de las relaciones no se formalizan institucionalmente, lo cual significa que la institución no las identifica, registra o valora. Sin embargo, la participación en este tipo de colaboraciones informales, que no tienen necesariamente una contrapartida económica, resulta atractiva por su coste relativamente bajo (en términos económicos y de tiempo), por la ausencia de condiciones restrictivas (p. ej. derechos de propiedad, confidencialidad) y por la existencia de beneficios intangibles para el investigador. El tercer estudio analiza en qué medida los grupos de investigación de CCSSHH interactúan con su entorno mediante diferentes actividades de transferencia de conocimiento (TC) ¿consultoría, investigación contratada, investigación conjunta, actividades de formación e intercambio de personal¿ e identifica los determinantes de cada una de ellas. Los resultados indican que las actividades de TC más frecuentes son la consultoría y la investigación contratada, mientras que el intercambio de personal representa una actividad marginal entre las analizadas. El estudio de los factores que determinan la participación en estas actividades de TC muestra que considerar el potencial uso social de los resultados desde el principio aumenta la participación de los grupos de investigación en todas las actividades de TC analizadas. En conjunto, los tres estudios permiten concluir que la investigación en CCSSHH produce conocimiento y resultados que son de interés para la sociedad. Sin embargo, se diferencian de otras áreas científicas en los mecanismos de interacción predominantes y en la variedad de agentes sociales con los que interactúan. Estas conclusiones pueden tener utilidad práctica para el diseño de políticas destinadas a fomentar el amplio conjunto de interacciones identificadas, para la mejora de las prácticas de gestión y para tratar de evaluar las citadas interacciones mediante indicadores capaces de recoger el amplio espectro de mecanismos identificados en esta tesis. / Interactions among agents in the innovation system are critical for the promotion of knowledge exchange, learning processes and the innovation process. The analysis of interactions between universities or public research organisations (science) and social agents (society) has received great attention in the scientific community because, among other reasons, the results of these interactions can have implications for the design of science and innovation policies and organisation management. This thesis analyses the interactions between researchers in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) and social agents. The SSH community is a collective that has been little studied from this perspective and presents particular characteristics as compared to other scientific fields. The three studies included in the thesis address different aspects of the topic and are based on empirical data obtained through surveys and interviews conducted in the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC). The first study explores whether the knowledge produced by the SSH is less useful than that produced in STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics), as science policy seems to presume when establishing measures based on indicators (patent licenses, R&D contracts with companies, creating spin off) that are difficult to apply to the SSH community. The empirical analysis shows that SSH research outputs are no less useful than those from STEM because, in both cases, there are social agents interested in them. However, the preferred type of collaborative mechanism varies across fields, as does the type of agent with whom researchers interact. Firms are the prevailing type of agent collaborating with STEM researchers whilst SSH researchers collaborate with a varied group of social agents (i.e. government, NGOs, etc.). The second study explores the extent to which SSH research groups engage with a variety of social agents through non¿formalized collaborations. To do this, two complementary analyses (quantitative and qualitative) are conducted. Results show that most of the collaborations are not institutionally formalized, which means that the research organisation does not identify, record or value them. However, engagement in these informal collaborations, that do not necessarily have an economic counterpart, are attractive due to the relatively low cost (in time and economic terms) of many such activities, the absence of restrictive conditions (e.g. IPR, confidentiality) and other intangible benefits accruing to the researcher. The third study examines the extent to which SSH research groups interact with social agents through different knowledge transfer (KT) activities ¿consultancy, contract research, joint research, training and personnel mobility¿ and identifies the determinants of each. Results show that the most frequent KT activities are consultancy and contract research, while personnel exchange is a marginal activity among those analysed. The study of the factors determining the engagement in these activities shows that consideration of the social uses of the research outputs from the beginning enhances research groups¿ engagement in all the knowledge transfer activities analysed. Overall, the three studies support the conclusion that SSH research produces knowledge and outputs that are of interest to society. However, differences from other scientific fields are found in terms of the prevalent type of interaction mechanisms used and the variety of social agents with whom interactions are established. These findings may have practical utility for the design of policies aimed at encouraging and enhancing the range of interactions, for improving managerial practices and for the assessment of these interactions through indicators able to capture the type of interactions identified in this thesis. / Olmos Peñuela, J. (2013). Science-Society interactions in the social sciences and humanities:empirical studies of the Spanish Council for Scientific Research [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/31653 / TESIS / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales

Software development is an endless problem-solving activity and programmers regularly use online media channels to ask each other for advice. In particular, socially enabled media channels like the question & answer website Stack Overflow changed how programmers communicate and coordinate, and how they produce and consume content on the Web. Nowadays, a vast body of software development knowledge is documented in form of code examples. But acquiring the knowledge by reading code and logically reason about how they work makes non-trivial examples hard to understand. The aim of this work is to develop visual enhancements that support programmers in the knowledge exchange with code examples. Through a design science research approach using interaction design methods visualizations were developed and evaluated that allow programmers to see the execution and simultaneously inspect the state in order to gain a better understanding of how the underlying system of the code example works. Professional programmers participated in a workshop and found the visualizations to be helpful in the comprehension process.

No / The relationship between the academy and the business community is currently perceived to be important to the future of both parties. Universities provide graduates to meet the needs and requirements of society and industry, and the latter supplies products and services to meet the needs of the market place. Whether public or private, industry increasingly seeks to use tools and techniques that increase efficiency and effectiveness, whilst at the same time maximizing quality and minimizing cost. The current trend towards companies outsourcing their R & D requirements to reduce corporate overheads and optimize staffing levels means that Universities can utilize the opportunity and bid to supply this expertise. Universities also generate their own spin-outs from intellectual property they create, as well as licensing technology to industry, rather than transferring it. However, the relationship between university and industry is not without its challenges, chief of which is the historical commitment of the academy to advance knowledge whether it is directly applicable or not. In addition, there are many fundamental and important long term research issues that many would argue are the primary duty of the academy to address, which may have no direct application in the short to medium term. This is resulting in increasing tensions in the academy, and in the priorities for national and international funding agencies. There can also be significant cultural differences and reward models between the academy and industry which give rise to difficult issues for staff at the interface. This chapter reviews the current developments and the issues at the interface between business and the academy.

This thesis studies the learning process between foreign and local knowledge in a community of organic farmers by the name Atitlán Organics in Tzununa, rural Guatemala. Foreign settlers with formal education and contemporary farming experience work alongside indigenous local Guatemalan farmers in this community, which also takes on international volunteer workers. These people of various background and differing intentions cooperate to develop the community and its business of organic food production while learning from each other. The foreigners bring global theories that relate to farming such as permaculture designs and scientific knowledge while the Guatemalans know the local land and how to work with it. This thesis outlines the learning process between these different competencies and presents a nuanced discussion on how these types of knowledge exchange can be beneficial for the people and the community. Diverse competencies can complement each other and enhance collaborative work but limitations can also occur due to difficulties of understanding other socio-cultural contexts, while risks of neo-colonial tendencies and western knowledge hegemony lure in these situations. The discussion in this thesis highlights the importance of mutual consciousness about this process in the community and what that can be done to enhance collaborative learning while avoiding such risks.

Despite decades of scholarly scrutiny, the politico-economic exploits of vikings in and around the Frankish realm (c. 750-940 CE) remain - to a considerable extent - obscured by the constraints of a fragmentary and biased corpus of (near-)contemporary evidence, conveying the impression that these movements were capricious, haphazard, and gratuitous in character. For this reason, rather than selectively assessing individual instances of regional Franco-Scandinavian interaction, the present study approaches the available interdisciplinary data on a cumulative and conceptual level, and combines this with the innovative use of GIS to detect and define overall spatiotemporal patterns of viking activity. Set against a backdrop of continuous commerce and knowledge exchange, this overarching survey demonstrates the existence of a relatively uniform, sequential framework of wealth extraction, encampment, and political engagement, within which Scandinavian fleets operated as adaptable, ambulant polities - or 'hydrarchies'. By delineating and visualising this framework, a four-phased conceptual development model of hydrarchic conduct and consequence is established, whose validity is substantiated by its application to three distinct regional case studies: the lower Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt Basin, the Seine Basin, and the Loire Basin. As well as facilitating the deductive analysis of viking activity for which primary evidence has thus far been ambiguous or altogether absent, the parameters of this abstract model affirm that Scandinavian movements across Francia were the result of prudent and expedient decision-making processes, contingent on exchanged intelligence, cumulative experience, and the ongoing individual and collective need for socioeconomic subsistence and enrichment.