Magister Legum - LLM / This research paper examines the different forms of employment patterns that have emerged as a result of globalisation as well as the mechanisms that have been used by the legislator to accommodate those in non-standard employment relationships. / South Africa

The labor market has overtaken huge changes in the Czech republic and Slovakia in the last quarter of a century. This diploma theses explains that the structure of the labor market is a dynamic concept that reacts not only to local economic factors, but also to changes in the European and world context. Czech and Slovak labor market has currently different regional disparities. In Slovakia, the problem of regional disparities and the significant polarization of the east and west of the country is much more urgent and significantly affects not only overall unemployment in the Slovak Republic but also the political and economic situation. This diploma thesis analyzes the origins of regional disparities and major changes in the labor market that have taken place in both countries since 1993 until present, and defines that the main cause is mono-industrialization in the second half of the 20th century.

This paper analyzes the impact of immigration on the unemployment rate in the Czech Republic between 2004-2014 by using the economically active population aged 15-64 and 15-19. The analysis of annual time series showed no significant effect for either age group as well the existence of the reverse causality between the rate of migration and the unemployment rate was not proved. The analysis of quarterly time series showed a significant negative impact of immigration on the unemployment rate of economically active people aged 15-64. Also the reverse causality was confirmed - lagged values of the unemployment rate negatively influenced the rate of migration. A significant positive impact of the immigration on the unemployment rate was not confirmed for the age group 15-19. The reverse causality of the unemployment rate in relation to the rate of migration was found - rising unemployment rate led to decrease of immigration flows.

This thesis deals with an issue of employment of people with mental disorders. The goal of thesis is to describe and to map mental disorders and to point out their maladaptive behaviors. Also to show possibilities of communication in working environment with people with mental disorders and to highlight opportunities of employment in the labor market. The issue is subsequently evaluated with use of questionnaire surveys and interviews with experts in the topic. The thesis is divided into two parts, in theoretical part are explained concepts related to mental illnesses and in practical part is described cooperation with organization Green Doors.

This thesis studies the impact of labor markets on economic growth in both developed and developing countries and China's urbanization, by formalizing dual labor market characteristics and China's Hukou system in two theoretical models. The first is a unified growth model in an open economy environment that captures dual labor market characteristics. The mechanism involves economic growth driven by capital accumulation in the country with Lewisian labor market leading to increasing labor participation at a near constant wage. The model shows that surplus labor plays a critical role in explaining different economic growth paths and structural changes in developing and developed countries, such as China and the US. The second is a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous rural-urban migration to analyze the provision of rural and urban government services in China, with special emphasis on the role of the household registration (Hukou) system in shaping its urbanization process. It argues that China’s urban bias policy, which is enabled by the Hukou system restricting rural-urban migration, did not necessarily reduce economic efficiency, rather it might have only raised urban welfare at the expense of rural residents. As the Hukou system also ties people to particular geographical locations, our model argues that China's continuous bias towards coastal and big cities has started to cause economic inefficiency as well as inequality. It suggests that progressive Hukou reform reducing barriers to cross-region migration would improve economic efficiency and welfare.

Quels sont les effets des institutions du marché du travail et de la culture nationale sur l’activité en matière de fusions et acquisitions ? Cette thèse propose d’apporter des réponses à cette question tout au long de trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse aux effets des institutions du marché du travail, sous l’angle de la négociation collective, sur ces opérations. Il met en évidence que les fusions et acquisitions augmentent en nombre avec la force des syndicats et la capacité de négociation des employés des pays. La négociation collectiveaccroît l’activité en fusions et acquisitions parce que les acquéreurs potentiels peuvent retirer des gains d’opportunité plus élevés en s’appropriant les montants des « rentes » accaparées par les employés. Les chapitres deux et trois étudient comment les cultures nationales affectent les résultats des opérations de fusion et acquisition. Ils montrent que les firmes de pays fortement « orientés vers la quête de résultats » ont moins tendance à réaliser des fusions transfrontalières, à mener à terme les négociations annoncées et à devenir cibles. Quand ces opérations ont lieu, les cibles connaissent des rendements anormaux cumulés élevés à l’annonce de l’opération. Les firmes appartenant à des pays « orientés vers la tradition » ont moins tendance aussi à réaliser des fusions transfrontalières, à mener à terme les négociations annoncées et à devenir cibles. Quand ces opérations ont lieu, les cibles connaissent des rendements anormaux cumulés plus faibles à l’annonce de l’opération. Les firmes appartenant à des pays « orientés vers les personnes » ont plus tendance à réaliser des fusions transfrontalières et à mener à terme les négociations annoncées. / What are the effects of labor market institutions and national culture on mergers and acquisitions activity? The thesis proceeds in answering this question along three chapters. The first chapter investigates the effects labor market institutions defined as collective bargaining on mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity. It provides evidence that M&A activity increases in countries with strength of labor unions and high bargaining coverage. Collective bargaining increase M&A activity because potential acquirers have greater gains opportunities sourced from reappropriation of employee ‘rents’. Second and third chapters explore effects of national culture on different M&A outcomes. They show that firms from result-oriented countries are less likely to make cross-cultural acquisitions, to complete announced deals, to become targets, and target firms experience higher CAR around announcement date. Firms from people-oriented countries are less likely to make crosscultural acquisitions, to complete deals and are more likely to become targets and target firms experience lower CAR. Firms from people oriented countries are more likely to make crossculturalacquisitions and complete announced deals.

El contexto político de la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945), especialmente durante la recta final, se caracterizó por la necesidad de relaciones diplomáticas entre los países involucrados. Fue así que a partir de los juicios de Núremberg, la interpretación como actividad profesional empezó a emerger con fuerza. Desde entonces, el desarrollo de esta industria ha florecido de manera diferente alrededor del mundo. En el Perú, aún no se tiene información suficiente sobre esta actividad profesional per se. Por ello, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo explorar el proceso de inserción laboral de los intérpretes con formación universitaria en el mercado peruano. Los investigadores realizaron dieciocho entrevistas en donde se exploran los testimonios del ingreso al mundo laboral de intérpretes egresados de dos universidades: la Universidad Ricardo Palma (URP) y la Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazón (UNIFE). El estudio demostró que una inserción laboral exitosa en el mercado de la interpretación se consigue a través de la buena gestión de las habilidades blandas, como el uso efectivo de las redes de contactos, las habilidades técnicas y de gestión empresarial. / By the late 40's, the political scenario of the Second World War was mainly characterized by the high necessity to establish diplomatic relationships between the Axis and Allies powers. Within this framework, the Nuremberg trials were the scenario where simultaneous interpreting emerged. Since then, this industry has flourished differently around the world. In Peru, not many studies have been carried out on this professional activity. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the employability process of interpreters in the Peruvian market. The researchers carried out eighteen interviews that explore the testimonies of interpreting graduates from two Peruvian universities: Universidad Ricardo Palma (URP) and Universidad Femenina del Sagrado Corazón (UNIFE). This paper was able to demonstrate that a successful job placement in the interpretation market depends on the appropriate management of soft skills, i.e. the effective use of contact networks, as well as technical and management skills.

This thesis analyzes minimum wage, its development, determination and influence on increasing or decreasing of employment in the Czech rebublic and in the other countries of European union. It starts with determination of theoretical background of minimum wage, economical models that deals with the impact of minimum wage on employment and czech and foreign papers concerning relevant topic. In the analytical part, the thesis concerns characteristics of the system of minimum wages in particular countries of European union and their comparison. In the last part of the thesis, econometrical model was done. The aim was to find out if any of determined variables have impact on total unemployment rate in the Czech republic. Model was performed with statistical data from 2000 to 2015. The impact of some variables was proved, for example number of university graduates that have negative influence on total employment in the Czech republic.

This thesis deals with the importance of chemical industry in the creation of jobs in the Czech Republic between 2008-2015. The Thesis is divided into four chapters. First chapter is devoted to general development of chemical industry, with emphasis on the labour market. Second chapter is concerned with educational institutions within chemical industry. Third chapter examines selected chemical companies and their cooperation with educational institutions. The last chapter focuses on the future of the chemical industry of the Czech Republic with an emphasis on development of the labor market due to ongoing technological changes. The analyse of comprehensive development of the chemical industry is made on the basis of historical-statistical method. In the sections describing the possible development are used mostly specialized studies.

The aim of the thesis is to analyze the factors that influences women's return to labor market after maternity leave in Prachatice district between years 2008 and 2015. Based on the teoretical resources there are created questions of semi-structured interview which is conducted with sixteen women from Prachatice district with children at age from 0 to 7 years. The part of the thesis is also analysis of labor market in the district in mentioned time period using the data relates to the employment and unemployment of women. Based on the results, the hypotesis is verified:"Women in Prachatice district deemed the return to the labor market after maternity leave as complicated and local labor market does not fit to their requirements." Women find job offers for mother with children as deficient, shows heavily dependence on help from extended family, in district is low supply of care facilities for younger children, operating time of kindergartens doesn't correspond to the needs of working mothers. The study includes recommendations for Prachatice district suggested by author which are added-value to the thesis. There is no study dealing with the situation of women in labor market yet, the results might be a stimulus for further researches.