Professions such as landscape architecture have long laid claim to altruistic concepts of working for the betterment of society, as opposed to their own special interests. In recent time within the United States, such altruistic claims have come into question, as a skeptical public has challenged the true motivations of professionals. This dissertation examines commitments to social responsibility in the landscape architecture community, in an effort to understand the range of attitudes and ideas present in a profession that is highly diverse in terms of its work jurisdictions and context. Conclusions were drawn from an analysis of discourse in landscape architecture and related environmental design disciplines, a study of educational standards for accredited professional degree programs, and interviews with landscape architects practicing in the Los Angeles region. Findings suggest that many landscape architects believe in abstract notions such as stewardship, but that the interpretations of these notions vary widely. Respondents in the public sector often demonstrated different conceptions of their role in the planning and design process, and stronger connections to the land and its inhabitants, than was the case for most private sector respondents. Respondents in all work contexts also described conflicts that emerged in their practice as a result of obligations to clients, communities, employers, special interest groups that they may be affiliated with, personal values and well-being. These conflicts often presented challenges in terms of meeting abstract notions of social responsibility, and often appeared to shape their attitudes towards these responsibilities. This study confirms that professionals are presented with many conflicts of interest in daily practice, as a result of being firmly embedded in society. So challenges to cultural authority that question the motivations of professionals may be justified in many cases. The lack of explicit engagement of social responsibility issues in discourse and education makes it difficult to counter such challenges in the case of landscape architecture. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of implications for discourse, education and practice, including the need for a theoretical framework in landscape architecture and potential for discretionary action, drawing upon theories of communicative action.

Здания являются крупными потребителями энергии во всех странах. В неблагоприятных погодных условиях большая часть энергии идет на кондиционирование зданий. Эта нагрузка на кондиционирование воздуха может быть уменьшена многими способами; среди них выделяется правильная конструкция, выбор технологий и их компонентов. Это исследование направлено на изучение особенностей, которые способствуют проектированию жилого комплекса с критериями устойчивости для зон с теплым климатом. экологичные дома, которые способны создать комфортную среду, с инструментами, которые позволяют нам реализовать экономические и комфортные аспекты при вводе в эксплуатацию здания. В этой работе описываются различные подходы и приложения в традиционном и moderna архитектурном дизайне, что приводит к набору параметров и правил, которые следует учитывать при планировании здания. Постулируется, что руководящие принципы проектирования включают принципы здоровой экосистемы и ландшафтного дизайна, превращая их в два момента, которые необходимо правильно понять, потому что они могут быть вектором для создания построенной среды, начиная от простого обслуживания в текущем сценарии и становясь неотъемлемым компонентом интеграции архитектуры и среды. / Buildings are major energy consumers in all countries. In adverse weather conditions, most of the energy goes to the air conditioning of buildings. This load on air conditioning can be reduced in many ways; among them stands out the correct design, the choice of technologies and their components. This study is aimed at studying the features that contribute to the design of a residential complex with sustainability criteria for areas with a warm climate. eco-friendly houses that are able to create a comfortable environment, with tools that allow us to implement economic and comfortable aspects when commissioning a building. This article describes various approaches and applications in traditional and moderna architectural design, which leads to a set of parameters and rules that should be taken into account when planning a building. It is postulated that the design guidelines include the principles of a healthy ecosystem and landscape design, turning them into two points that need to be properly understood, because they can be a vector for creating a built environment, starting from simple maintenance in the current scenario and becoming an integral component of the integration of architecture and environment.

No description available.

No description available.

He Jie. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-131). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Contents --- p.v / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Research Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background 1: Natural character of traditional China urban planning and its modern challenge --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- "Background 2: Urban Natural Landscape Planning Approaches in China: Theory, Research and Practices" --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3 --- Visual Sustainability Research Definition in the Proposed Visual Landscape Analysis System --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4 --- Proposed Research Scope of the Thesis --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review of Landscape Evaluation and VIA Technologies --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1 --- Landscape Evaluation --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2 --- Visual Impact Assessment Technologies --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- "CAD and GIS Approaches in Landscape Architecture, its Visualization Technologies and Visual Analysis" --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Research Methodology --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1 --- System Framework --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Theoretical Supporting --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3 --- Technology Supporting --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Case Study --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2 --- Primal Data Processing and Modeling --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3 --- Road Visual Perception Quality Evaluation of Qiwandao and Bo'ailu --- p.61 / Chapter 4.4 --- Visual Perception Assessment of Jinzishan Skyline --- p.95 / Chapter 4.5 --- Planner's Review and Physical Project Application --- p.110 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.112 / Chapter 5.1 --- Accomplishment of the research --- p.112 / Chapter 5.2 --- "Shortcomings, problems and further opportunities" --- p.115 / Appendices --- p.120 / Appendix I. Comparative Table of Eight Sceneries of Yangcheng of Past Dynasties --- p.120 / Appendix II. Raw Data Resources of the Jinzishan Case Study --- p.122 / Appendix III. List of AutoCAD Blueprint Layer System of Jinzishan Case Study --- p.123 / Bibliography --- p.125

O paisagismo está presente em espaços externos e internos modificando as cidades. O girassol é uma planta anual, com potencial paisagístico. Algumas variedades ornamentais podem ser cultivadas em vasos, bordaduras e maciços, sendo considerada uma cultura com excelentes perspectivas de expansão no Brasil, em função de suas características, como, ampla adaptação aos diferentes ambientes, mas, no entanto, o estresse hídrico diminui o crescimento e a produtividade das plantas. Uma ferramenta que busca racionalizar o manejo hídrico é o condicionador de solo hidrogel empregado em diversos setores da agricultura. Trata-se de um polímero hidrorretentor que possui a capacidade de liberar gradativamente a água e nutrientes retidos na cadeia carbônica, melhorar a drenagem do solo, aumentar a produtividade, diminuir os custos de produção e evitar a perda de nutrientes por percolação e lixiviação. Porém, são necessários estudos direcionados a cada cultura para se realizar a recomendação desse condicionador. A produção de girassol cultivado em vaso tem grande potencial comercial no Brasil e a utilização do hidrogel como condicionador de solo pode permitir a economia hídrica ao longo do ciclo de cultivo. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as respostas da produção de girassol em vaso sob diferentes doses de hidrogel em duas diferentes épocas sazonais. A pesquisa foi conduzida em casa de vegetação nos períodos de outono/inverno (20/05/2015 a 31/07/2015) e primavera/verão (24/10/2015 a 14/12/2015). O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados (DBC) com 4 doses de hidrogel (0, 6, 12 e 18 gramas por planta) com 6 repetições. A colheita foi realizada aos 60 dias após o transplantio das mudas (DAT). Foram avaliados a massa fresca e seca da parte aérea (MFPA e MSPA); massa fresca e seca das flores (MFF e MSF); massa fresca e seca das raízes (MFR) e (MSR) e volume das raízes (VR). A adição de hidrogel favoreceu a produção de girassol em vaso promovendo economia de água durante todo o ciclo da cultura. A dose de 6 gramas de hidrogel por planta, propiciou a melhor economia hídrica em ambos os experimentos. O período primavera/verão apresentou maior gasto na irrigação quando comparado ao outono/inverno. O diâmetro floral diminuiu em função do aumento das doses de hidrogel em ambos os períodos sazonais. / The landscaping is present in several external and internal spaces modifying the cities. The sunflower is an annual plant with potential landscape use. Some ornamental varieties can be cultivated in pots, borders and massifs, being considered a crop with excellent prospects of expansion in Brazil, due to its characteristics, such as, wide adaptation to different environments, however, water stress decreases growth and productivity of plants. Hydrogel conditioner is a tool that aims to rationalize water soil management used in several sectors of agriculture. The hydrogel is a polymer that has the ability to gradually release water and nutrients retained in the carbon chain, improve soil drainage, increase productivity, decrease production costs and prevent nutrient loss through percolation and leaching. The production of potted sunflower has great potential for commercial growth in Brazil and the use of the hydrogel as a soil conditioner can allow water saving throughout the growing cycle. The objective of this work was to evaluate the responses of potted sunflower production under different doses of hydrogel in two different seasonal seasons. The research was conducted in a greenhouse during the fall / winter (05/20/2015 to 07/31/2015) and spring / summer (24/10/2015 to 12/14/2015). The experimental design was a randomized complete block (DBC) with 4 hydrogel doses (0, 6, 12 and 18 grams per plant) with 6 replicates. Harvesting was performed 60 days after transplanting of the seedlings (DAT). Were evaluated the fresh and dry shoot of the aerial part (MFPA and MSPA); fresh and dry mass of flowers (MFF and MSF); fresh and dry mass of the roots (MFR) and (MSR) and root volume (VR). The addition of hydrogel effectively favored potted sunflower production, promoting water saving throughout the crop cycle. The hydrogel addition favored potted sunflower production, promoting water saving throughout the all crop cycle. The dose of 6 grams of hydrogel per plant, provided the best hydric economy in both experiments. The spring / summer period presented higher irrigation use when compared to autumn / winter. The floral diameter decreased as a function of the increase by hydrogel doses in both seasonal periods.

Esta tese examina o processo de implantação de jardins públicos no Brasil entre o final do século XIX e início do XX, buscando identificar soluções de aclimatação das matrizes paisagísticas estrangeiras ao contexto cultural, social e geográfico do país. O trabalho toma como objeto de estudo os jardins das cidades do Recife, Fortaleza e João Pessoa e os analisa a partir de quatro variáveis - seus nomes, usos, elementos naturais e equipamentos -, privilegiando fontes documentais, relatos de cronistas e memorialistas e levantamento in loco, em diálogo com a historiografia do paisagismo. Assim, a tese evidencia que o cultivo de jardins públicos no Brasil refletiu ritmos e modos diversos de interpretação dos conceitos e elementos formais dos jardins estrangeiros frente a circunstâncias locais, como preexistências arquitetônicas e urbanísticas; recursos naturais, materiais e tecnológicos; usos; aspectos climáticos e terminológicos. / This thesis examines the process of implantation of public gardens in Brazil between the The nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, seeking to identify solutions for acclimatization of Foreign landscape to the cultural, social and geographical context of the country. Work takes Study of the gardens of the cities of Recife, Fortaleza and João Pessoa, and analyzes the From four variables - their names, uses, natural elements and equipment - Privileging documentary sources, reports of chroniclers and memorialists and survey in loco, In dialogue with the historiography of landscaping. Thus, the thesis evidences that the cultivation of Public gardens in Brazil reflected different rhythms and modes of interpretation of concepts and Formal elements of foreign gardens in the face of local circumstances such as pre-existing Architectural and urban planning; Natural, material and technological resources; Uses; aspects Climatic and terminological.

O balanço de energia e o fluxo radiativo produzidos nas superfícies urbanas não são objetos de muitos estudos no Brasil. Este trabalho objetivou verificar a variabilidade dos fluxos de energia em ondas longas em uma cidade Tropical de Altitude de porte médio. A metodologia fundamenta-se na utilização de um termômetro digital infravermelho fixado em um tripé, com a aferição manual de pontos cardeais e colaterais nas inclinações de -10º, 0º, 10º, 25º e 35º, em diversas classificações do uso do solo urbano definidas pelo Laboratório Quadro do Paisagismo do Brasil - QUAPÁ. Realizaram-se onze experimentos de campo na cidade de São Carlos-SP em episódios climáticos representativos de Inverno e Verão. As invasões polares na cidade de estudo, em fase de domínio, impõem as condições iniciais dos tipos de tempo com valores termais de superfície mais brandos quando comparados com a fase tropicalizada. Nas pesquisas de campo as temperaturas mais elevadas foram registradas para as angulações -10º e 0º altura aproximada ao nível do pedestre. Os padrões térmicos observados in situ foram correspondentes para algumas tipologias e outras não, pois dependem de fatores multi escalares como advecção, camada intraurbana, fluxos de calor sensível e calor latente. / The energy balance and the radiative flux produced in urban areas are not objects of many studies in Brazil. This research aimed to determine the variability of flows of energy in long waves in a Tropical midsize city. The methodology is based on the use of an infrared digital thermometer fixed on a tripod, with the manual measurement of cardinal points and the side slopes of - 10º, 0°, 10º, 25º, and 35º, in various classifications of urban land use defined by the Laboratory Quadro do Paisagismo do Brazil - QUAPÁ. Has been made in São Carlos -SP eleven field trials representative climatic episodes in winter and summer. The polar invasions in the city of study, in phase of domain, imposes the initial conditions of weather types with thermal values surface over mild compared with the tropicalized phase. In field trials the highest temperatures were recorded for the angles -10° and 0° to the approximate height of the pedestrian level. The thermal patterns observed in local were corresponding to some classifications and not to others, because they depend on multi scalar factors as advection, intraurban layer, flows sensible heat and latent heat.

A Praça do Relógio da Cidade Universitária "Armando de Salles Oliveira" da Universidade de São Paulo (SP) é um exemplo de espaço livre planejado para cumprir funções ambientais e sociais. Com porte de verdadeiro parque urbano, 176 mil m2, conta com vegetação nativa originária de seis ecossistemas paulistas, compondo diversos núcleos cortados por caminhos que possiblitam a circulação dos usuários entre diversos pontos do Campus, além de alamedas de palmeiras e árvores ornamentais. O presente estudo ocupou-se de levantar, diagnosticar e analisar a vegetação da Praça do Relógio após nove anos de implantação do projeto de reurbanização. Para tanto, foi adotado o método de inventário do tipo censo, ou seja, a análise quali-quantitativa de todos os indivíduos arbóreos, arbustivos e palmeiras com mais de 0,20 m de altura. existentes na Praça do Relógio. Foram encontrados 3081 indivíduos, dos quais puderam ser identificados 3028, sendo pertencentes a 121 espécies, 93 gêneros e 52 famílias botânicas. Do total de indivíduos, 2316 são árvores (75,17%), 206 são arbustos (6,69%), 542 são palmeiras (17,59%) e apenas 17 são forrações (0,55%). Das 121 espécies identificadas, 21 (17,35%) são exóticas, o que demonstra uma grande preocupação com a utilização da flora nativa. Considerando-se toda a área, o estado geral da vegetação da praça pode ser considerado bom, pois 91,46% dos indivíduos foram considerados em bom estado, enquanto 1,36% foram considerados em ótimo estado, 3,33% em estado regular, 2,18% em péssimo estado e 1,42% encontravam-se mortos. Quanto à conformação estrutural da vegetação, 3,17% apresentavam desequilíbrio de caule e ou copa. Segundo observação 3,20% da vegetação apresentou algum problema fitossanitário, como a presença de pragas ou doenças. Apresentaram lesões no caule, 1,42% da população vegetal. Quanto às interações ecológicas, em 0,20% foram encontrados insetos úteis, em 0,07% foram encontrados ninhos de pássaros, 13,65% apresentaram líquens no caule, 0,26% apresentaram epífitas e 2,93% apresentaram fitoparasitas. Do total de indivíduos, apenas 9,07% encontrava-se em área pavimentada, porém mesmo estes apresentavam bom espaço para seu desenvolvimento. Espera-se que as informações geradas possam incentivar o uso da praça como área para estudo de ciências biológicas e educação ambiental, além de fornecer subsídios para sua manutenção, ressaltando a importância de espaços como este na qualidade do ambiente da cidade e na vida dos cidadãos. / The Relógio Square of Cidade Universitária " Armando de Salles Oliveira " of the University of São Paulo (SP) is an example of free space planned to carry out environmental and social functions. With an area of true urbane park, 176,000 m 2, disposes of native vegetation original from six ecosystems of São Paulo, composing several nucleuses cut by ways that turns possible the circulation of the users between several points of the Campus, besides avenues of palms trees and ornamental trees. The present study was occupied of standing up, diagnosing and analyzing the vegetation of the Relógio Square after nine years of introduction of the project of reurbanization. In that way, was adopted the method of inventory of the type census, in other words, the quali-quantitative analysis of all the arboreal individuals, shrubs and palms trees with more than 0.20 meters of height. existent in the Relógio Square. Were found 3,081 individuals, of which 3,028 could be identified, being pertaining to 121 species, 93 genus and 52 botanical families. Of the total of individuals, 2,316 are trees (75.17 %), 206 are shrubs (6.69 %), 542 are palms trees (17.59 %) and 17 are creeping plants (0.55 %). Of 121 identified species, only 21 (17.35 %) are exotic, which demonstrates a great preoccupation with the use of the Brazilian native flora. Considering the whole area, the general state of the vegetation of the square can be considered good, so 91.46 % of the individuals was considered in good condition, while 1.36 % was considered in the best state, 3.33 % in regular state, 2.18 % in the worst state and 1.42 % was dead. As for the structural resignation of the vegetation, 3.17 % was presenting imbalance of stem and or top. According to observation 3.20 % of the vegetation presented some phytosanitary problem, like the presence of nuisances or diseases. They presented injuries in the stem, 1.42 % of the vegetable population. As for the ecological interactions, in 0.20 % useful insects were found, in 0.07 % nests of birds were found, 13.65 % presented lichens in the stem, 0.26 % presented epiphytes and 2.93 % presented phytoparasits. Of the total of individuals, only 9.07 % was in paved area, however even these were presenting good space for his development. It is waited that the produced information could stimulate the use of this square like area for study of biological sciences and environmental education, besides supplying subsidies for his maintenance, emphasizing the importance of spaces like this one in the capacity of the environment of the city and in the life of the citizens.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-09-23T17:10:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Michelly-1.pdf: 1003558 bytes, checksum: f7289e1224355e7fb4cda6571653c74c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-09-23T18:33:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Michelly-1.pdf: 1003558 bytes, checksum: f7289e1224355e7fb4cda6571653c74c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-23T18:33:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Michelly-1.pdf: 1003558 bytes, checksum: f7289e1224355e7fb4cda6571653c74c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In order to evaluate the quality and quantity of tree species planted in the cities of MS: Cassilândia (CA) and Paranaíba (PA), with the lowest PIB; Chapadão South (CH) and Costa Rica (CO), with higher PIB a survey of tree species present in 30 blocks of each of these cities was done. Trees were identified and recorded information such as: plant health; planting site; pruning; trees under power lines, tree size, position on the sidewalk; origin; outer root condition and existence of sidewalks. Shannon’s diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index was calculated. To analyze the structural and floristic similarity, the Jaccard and Morisita’s indexes was employed. Found 3180 individuals belonging to 100 species of 40 families, with CA, CH, CO and PA had 838, 1130, 657 and 555 individuals respectively. Shannon’s index was 2.08 overall. Jaccard’s index was 45%, cities with higher PIB and a lower PIB were more similar to each other. Morisita’s similarity index showed structural similarity between cities, ranging between 0.82 and 0.99. About the position on the sidewalk, the cities with the highest PIB had a number of trees above and below expectations at the curb and center, respectively. Otherwise, cities with the lowest PIB showed opposite results. By ANOVA test, CA, CH and PA were different, CH showed an average number of trees significantly larger and PA, a smaller number. The cities with the highest PIB had a number of trees higher than expected for individuals without any conflict with sidewalks and below expectations for those who had some type of conflict. Already the cities with the lowest PIB showed opposite results. About the origin, the cities with the highest PIB had a number of exotic individuals above the expected, native from Brazil less than expected, since the native Cerrado had a higher number than expected. The cities with the lowest PIB showed opposite results. The most abundant species throughout the survey was Licania tomentosa (oiti), totaling 1879 individuals (59%), representing in CA, CH, CO and PA, 85%, 36%, 57% and 66% respectively. Exotic species totaled 68%, while 22% are native from Brazil and 4% are Cerrado’s native. Among the 3180 individuals found: 80% were planted in front of homes, 14% in other places, such as churches, schools, kindergartens, clinics, and other 6% in front of business establishment. Concerning the plant health, 81% of the total were in good condition, 17% in satisfactory condition, and 2% in poor condition, 44% are free and 56% are under the power lines, of which 10% had conflict. As for pruning, 75.4% of sampled trees exhibited correct pruning, 9.5% incorrect, 12% nonexistent and 2.6% radical. The cities with the highest PIB showed greater wealth than those with lower PIB, and greater arboreal suitability in various aspects. Moreover, there is excessive use of exotic species and not appropriate species, due the large size. / Com o objetivo de avaliar comparativamente a qualidade e quantidade das espécies arbóreas plantadas nos municípios de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS): Cassilândia (CA) e Paranaíba (PA), com menor Produto Interno Bruto (PIB); Chapadão do Sul (CH) e Costa Rica (CO), com maior PIB, foi realizado um levantamento das espécies arbóreas presentes em 30 quadras de cada cidade. Os indivíduos arbóreos foram identificados e registradas informações como: fitossanidade; local do plantio; poda; árvores sob rede elétrica; porte arbóreo; posição na calçada; origem; condição externa da raiz e existência de calçamento. Foram calculados o índice de diversidade Shannon e o índice de equabilidade de Pielou. Para analisar a similaridade florística e estrutural, foram empregados os índices de Jaccard e de Morisita. Foram encontrados 3180 indivíduos, pertencentes a 100 espécies de 40 famílias, sendo que CA, CH, CO e PA apresentaram, respectivamente, 838, 1130, 657 e 555 indivíduos. O índice de Shannon total foi de 2,08. O índice de Jaccard foi de 45%; as cidades com maior PIB e as com menor PIB foram mais semelhantes entre si. O índice de similaridade de Morisita mostrou similaridade estrutural entre as cidades, variando entre 0,82 e 0,99. As cidades com maior PIB tiveram um número de árvores acima e abaixo do esperado no meio-fio e no centro da calçada, respectivamente. Já as cidades com menor PIB mostraram resultados opostos. Pelo teste de ANOVA, CA, CH e PA foram diferentes entre si; CH apresentou um número médio de árvores significativamente maior e PA, um número menor. As cidades com maior PIB tiveram um número de árvores acima do esperado para os indivíduos sem nenhum tipo de conflito com as calçadas e abaixo do esperado para aqueles que apresentaram conflito. Já as cidades com menor PIB mostraram resultados opostos. Com relação à origem, as cidades com maior PIB tiveram um número de indivíduos exóticos acima do esperado, nativas do Brasil menor que o esperado; já as nativas do Cerrado tiveram um número maior que o esperado. As cidades com menor PIB mostraram resultados contrários. A espécie mais abundante foi Licania tomentosa (oiti), totalizando 1879 indivíduos (59%), representando em CA, CH, CO e PA, 85%, 36%, 57% e 66%, respectivamente. Espécies exóticas totalizaram 68%, enquanto 22% são nativas do Brasil e 4% são nativas do cerrado. Dos 3180 indivíduos encontrados: 80% foram plantadas em frente às residências, 14% em outros locais, como igrejas, escolas, creches, consultórios, entre outros e 6% em frente a estabelecimentos comerciais. Quanto à fitossanidade, 81% do total encontravam-se em boas condições, 17% em condições satisfatórias e 2% em condições ruins; 44% encontram-se livre e 56% estão sob a fiação elétrica, dos quais 10% apresentaram conflito. Quanto à poda, 75,4% das árvores amostradas apresentaram poda correta, 9,5% incorreta, 12% inexistente e 2,6% radical. As cidades com maior PIB apresentaram maior riqueza do que as com menor PIB, e uma maior adequação em vários aspectos. Além disso, há um uso excessivo de espécies exóticas e espécies não apropriadas, em virtude do porte elevado.