Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The present work consists of an investigation into the form and function(s) of the so-called 'Left Dislocation' construction in Biblical Hebrew. As such, this inquiry is part of a larger domain of research that explores the nature and function of word order variation in Biblical Hebrew. As a result of a pilot study conducted by the present author in 2010, as well as recent advances within the feilds of cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, and discoursepragmatics— particularly with its sub-discipline known as information structure—a fresh examination of Left Dislocation in Biblical Hebrew is called for. Drawing on research from the aforementioned feilds of study, we propose a cognitive-functional theoretical model that provides a framework for a more comprehensive explanation of Left Dislocation in Biblical Hebrew. Furthermore, this work situates Left Dislocation in Biblical Hebrew against a broader profile of Left Dislocation across langauges. This is accomplished by examining the findings of a range of cross-linguistic studies—with respect to a variety of related and unrelated languages—that are concerned with both the syntactico-semantic and discourse-functional attributes of Left Dislocation. Typological generalizations drawn from these studies are then applied to the identification, classification, and explanation of a data set comprised of over 650 tokens taken from Genesis to 2 Kings. The result of this analysis is twofold. First, a thorough description is provided in terms of the external (i.e. global) and internal syntactico-semantic attributes of tokens comprising the data set. Consistent with typological findings, the data set reflects a taxonomic network of constructional schemas that are classified according to an exemplar model of conceptual categorization. Second, utilizing a cognitive-theoretical model, as well as insights garnered from crosslinguistic studies, the aforementioned syntactico-semantic description is explained in terms of the cognitive-pragmatic motivation for the use of Left Dislocation in BH narrative discourse, as well as the prototypical and non-prototypical discourse function(s) accomplished by the construction therein. Lastly, a developmental framework is proposed that accounts for the form-function variation exhibited by the tokens in our data set. This framework consists of broader developmental processes involving usage-based patterns of language change, as well as a 'panchronic' view of grammar, where synchrony and diachrony are viewed as an integrated whole, and where grammars are always emergent and never completely established. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werk verteenwoordig 'n ondersoek na die vorm en funksie(s) van die sogenaamde linksverskuiwingkonstruksie in Bybelse Hebreeus. Dit vorm deel van 'n groter navorsingsinisiatief wat gemoeid is met die ondersoek na die aard en funksie van woordorde-variasies in Bybelse Hebreeus. In die lig van 'n loodsstudie wat in 2010 deur die outeur gedoen is, asook die vooruitgang wat gemaak is op die gebiede van kognitiewe taalkunde, psigolinguistiek en tekspragmatiek—veral in die subdissipline, informasiestruktuur—is ‘n herbesinnig oor linksverskuiwingkonstruksies Bybelse Hebreeus nodig. Gebaseer op die voorafgenoemde studievelde word 'n kognitief-funksionele teoretiese model voorgestel wat as raamwerk sal dien vir 'n meer omvattende verduideliking van linksverskuiwingkonstruksies in Bybelse Hebreeus. Hierdie ondersoek oor linksverskuiwing in Bybelse Hebreeus word gedoen teen die agtergrond van die profiel van linksverskuiwing oor tale heen. Dit word vermag deur die bevindings van 'n wye reeks taalkundige studies—op verskeie verwante en onverwante tale— wat gemoeid is met beide die sintakties-semanties en diskoersfunksionele eienskappe van linksverskuiwing, te ondersoek. Uit die ondersoek word tipologiese veralgemenings verkry wat dan gebruik word vir die identifisering, klassifikasie en verduideliking van 'n stel data wat bestaan uit 650 voorbeelde wat verkry is uit Genesis tot 2 Konings. Die resultate van hierdie analise is tweeledig. Eerstens word 'n uitvoerige beskrywing, in terme van die eksterne (of globale) en interne sintakties-semantiese eienskappe van die voorbeelde binne die datastel, verskaf. Die datastel reflekteer, aan die hand van taaltipologiese bevindinge, 'n taksonomiese netwerk van konstruksieskemas wat geklassifiseer is volgens 'n eksemplaarmodel van konsepsionele kategorisering. Tweedens, deur gebruik te maak van 'n kognitief-teoretiese model, tesame met insigte verkry deur studies oor tale heen, word die voorafgenoemde sintakties-semantiese beskrywing verduidelik in terme van die kognitief-pragmatiese motivering vir die gebruik van linksverskuiwing in Bybels-Hebreeuse narratiewe diskoers. Ook die prototipiese en nieprototipiese diskoersfunksie(s) van die konstruksie kom aan die bod. Laastens word 'n raamwerk voorgestel om die vorm-funksies variasies van die voorbeelde in die datastel as ontwikkelingsstadia te verklaar. Die raamwerk berus op ontwikkelingsprosesse wat tipies in gebruiksgebaseerde modelle van taalvariasie-tendense onderskei word. Verder gaan dit ook uit van 'n pankroniese siening van grammatika waarin diakronie en sinkronie as 'n geïntegreerde geheel gesien word en die grammatika van taal as 'n dinamiese entiteit beskou word. Dit stabliseer nooit volledig nie.

published_or_final_version / English Studies and Comparative Literature / Master / Master of Arts

Kalbos mada – tai tam tikrų kalbos reiškinių neilgalaikis suintensyvėjimas tam tikru laiku ir tam tikroje aplinkoje. Darbo objektas – madingi dabartinės lietuvių kalbos reiškiniai. Darbo tikslas – aptarti leksikos, frazeologijos ir sintaksės lygmenyse rastus madingų dabartinės lietuvių kalbos reiškinių pavyzdžius, vartojamus 2007–2009 m. spaudoje, televizijoje ir reklamoje. Kalbos reiškinių madingumas nustatytas pagal šiuos kriterijus: dažnumas ir populiarumas, naujumas bei konkurencija. Tyrimas atliekamas aprašomuoju metodu, t. y., surinkti madingų kalbos reiškinių pavyzdžiai apdorojami, aptariant jų kilmę, struktūrą, vartosenos ypatumus ir pan., remiantis leksikologijos ir sintaksės teorine medžiaga bei teoriniais madingų kalbos reiškinių tyrimo aspektais. Analizuojant nustatyta, kad madingi dabartinės lietuvių kalbos reiškiniai lietuvių kalbos vartosenos lygmenyse pasiskirstę taip: madingi leksikos kalbos reiškiniai: lietuviškoji leksika, lietuviškų arba tarptautinių žodžių pagrindu padaryti dariniai, skoliniai, tarptautinių žodžių trumpiniai ir fragmentai; madingi frazeologizmai ir stabilūs žodžių junginiai; madingi sintaksės lygmens kalbos reiškiniai. / Language style – it is a intensification of particular language expressions on particular time and in particular environment within short-term. Objective of work – buzzwors of nowadays Lithuanian language. Aim of work - to discuss examples of buzzwors of nowadays Lithuanian language within lexical, phraseological and syntactical levels, used by press, television and promotion in 2007 –2009 years. Style of language expression defined according following criteria: periodicity and popularity, newness and competition. Analysis is performed by descriptive method, id est collected examples of buzzwors is handled talking over theirs genesis, structure, peculiarity of use and so on, in with reference theoretical material of lexicology and syntactic theoretical material and analysis aspects of popular language expressions. During analysis founded, that the popular Lithuanian language expressions of nowadays in usage of Lithuanian language is situated by following: popular lexis language expressions: Lithuanian lexis, formations or borrowings made on Lithuanian or international words basis, clippings and fragments of international words, combinations of popular phraseological and steady words, popular syntax’s level language expression.

This study focuses on the work of Marcel Jousse, the 20th century French anthropologist, linguist, educationist and theologian who discovered and developed the Anthropology of Language, the study of human memory and expression, and their mutual transation. As central underpinning theory of the Anthropology of Language, Jousse identified the anthropology of Geste and Rhythm manifest in the Oral Style as gestual-visual/oral-aural mnemonic. In Memory, Memorisation and Memorisers in Ancient Galilee, the account of the transmission of the Besorah-Gospels in the intra-ethnic and extra-ethnic Galilean-Hellenic diaspora. Jousse demonstrates (I) the fidelity and accommodating fluidity of mnemonic Oral Style expression as support of human memory; (2) the role of the Metourgeman-Sunergos as interpreter-translator and scripter of the Besorah-Gospels; (3) the role of the Counting-necklaces constructed by Kepha-Peter and Shaoul-Paul as ordering and mnemonic support in the recounting the Deeds and Sayings of the Rabbi Ieshou"a of Galilee. In this thesis three kinds of translation are addressed. (I) It is about the translation of invisible and visceral memory into the visible and audible expression thereof in speech and movement for the purposes of learning, understanding and recording of the oral socio-cultural archive: Stylology manifest in rhythmo-stylistics, rhythmo-pedagogy and rhythmo-catechism; (2) it is about the translation of speech and movement into writing of two kinds: the recording of dictated texts in writing, (Memory, Memorisation and Memorisers in Ancient Galilee) and the putting-into- writing of memorised formulaic recitation, viz. rhythmo-stylistics, rhythmo-pedagogy and rhythmo-catechism; (3) it is about the translation of a specific and specialised technical texts from one (kind of) language to another: Memory, Memorisation and Memorisers in Ancient Galilee and Glossary of Joussea Concepts, Terms and Usage. The products of this study are: (I) a critical investigation and contextualised account of the perspective of Marcel Jousse on the operation of the invisible visceral metaphor called memory into the visible and audible expression thereof in speech and movement for the purposes of learning, understanding and recording of the oral socio-cultural archive in rhythmo-mnemonic expression (2) a proposed work-in-progress model for the presentation and analysis mnemonic Oral-style texts, viz. rhythmo-stylistics, rhythmo-pedagogy and rhythmo-catechism; (3) an annotated translation of Dernieres Dictees Memory, Memorisation and Memorisers in Ancient Galilee; (4) a glossary of specialised technical terms to be used in the interpretation of the works of Marcel Jousse compiled from Jousse's texts already translated into English: Jousse developed a specialised and complex terminology to explain his view of the origin and operation of mnemonic human expression. The Glossary documents this terminology, and demonstrates the translation of the concepts, and their usage by Jousse. This study is presented in three parts: Part One: Translations on and at the oral-literate interface; Part Two: Memory, Memorisation and Memorisers in Ancient Galilee - an annotated translation; Part Three: Glossary of Joussean Concepts Terms and Usage . / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.

The premise upon which this thesis is founded is that the book of Qohelet is fundamentally ambiguous. Ambiguity is attached to all its major themes, and can be discerned in its language, syntax and structure. This has not been given due attention in previous works on Qohelet. The introduction considers the concepts of 'ambiguity' and 'meaning': it is crucial for the reader to understand what is meant in this thesis by these terms. 'Ambiguity' is understood as those aspects of the text whose indeterminacy requires the reader to fill in 'meaning' in order for a coherent reading to be produced: thus the reader's role is crucial, but is nonetheless restricted by the determinate schemata in the text. Part 1 explores the determinate schemata in Qohelet in an attempt to provide objective criteria against which the ambiguities may be set. Detailed attention is paid to the text in order to discern trends and patterns in the book. These are employed in an attempt to discover how the book as a whole and the sections within it are structured. Part 1 ends by asserting that it is ultimately futile to seek an overall structure or pattern to the book: this is an aspect of its ambiguity. Part 2 systematically examines linguistic and syntactical ambiguities in Qohelet, exploring the possibilities for interpretation according to the ways in which the reader fills in the gaps left by these ambiguities. The conclusion argues that the ambiguity of Qohelet is the primary reason for the hugely diverse interpretations of the book throughout its history, and for the many varied proposals for its structure. In this way it is a realistic reflection of an ambiguous world and the relationship between the people of this world and the God who made the world with all its ambiguities.

Orientador: Anna Christina Bentes da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T22:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nogueira_CassiaMichelaAlves_M.pdf: 1194631 bytes, checksum: 27b6a381ecfe70d3198616d45ab53f95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Abstract: This research investigates the "parodic stylization", as described by Bakhtin ([1975]1988), made by Brazilian comedians on the radio show "Os manos". The analyzed corpus is composed by 16 comic sketches. The sketches" characters live in a poor neighbor of São Paulo city (Brazilian favela). In this research, data is analyzed using both "sociological poetics" (Bakhtin) and "theory of practice" (Bourdieu). The main objective of this work is to describe and analyze the social meaning of stylistic variation that occurs on sketches" dialogs. On the analysis, this work focuses on the following: (1) describing the linguistic variables used to create characters" linguistic style; (2) investigating the association of those linguistic variables and discursive practices which creates character?s social identity. It is found that comedians creates characters" linguistic style by selecting stigmatized linguistic variables which are linked to stigmatized social practices, so parodic stylization, as an image of another's language, reflects social agency which involves the deployment and the construction of social meaning / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

M.A. / The book of Ecclesiastes forms part of the wisdom genre, of Hebrew literature. It is a notoriously difficult book to interpret. The author, Qoheleth, displays an ideology and theology which is at variance with the rest of the Old Testament, namely protest wisdom. Finding the part Qoheleth plays, within the scope of the wisdom tradition, has troubled interpreters for years. This study, brings Socio-Rhetorics to bear on this problem. Rhetorical theory is used to try and bring about an understanding of how Qoheleth fits into the wisdom tradition. This study tries to show that Qoheleth dialogues with that wisdom tradition in order to develop his own argument. In particular, it shows that he quotes the book of Proverbs. How, Qoheleth, quotes Proverbs, and what he does with those texts, is illustrated in selected textual studies from Ecclesiastes. It was found that Qoheleth sharply criticise especially the simplistic over-evaluation of wisdom within traditional thought.

M.A. / An explanation of what I will be doing. how I will be doing. it, and why I will be doing this research is given below. The purpose of this subsection is to enable the reader to have greater clarity regarding the overall objectives of the thesis. Chapter 1: "Ezekiel the Tragedian" The objective of chapter 1 is to examine the link between apocalypse and tragedy as genre forms. The work of Ezekiel the Tragedian belongs to the world of both tragedy and apocalypse. Ezekiel, the Hellenistic Jew, was clearly influence by a Hellenistic genre form (namely Greek tragedy) in his work the "Exodus of Moses" (an inter-testamental work based on the Exodus of Moses as mentioned in the Old Testament). Ezekiel the Jew adapts his message towards his Hellenistic audience. The question one asks is "Could John, the Jew, likewise have adapted his message towards his Hellenistic audience? Could John have used Greek drama to communicate his prophetic-apocalyptic message to his Hellenistic audience?". 1.Biermann and I.Grabe, ibid,lff. "The Exodus of Moses" has significant points of comparison with the Revelation of John. These include a vision of a figure seated on a throne in heaven (a typically apocalyptic scene), seven plagues of judgement, a battle involving huge armies, the Exodus account of the deliverance of Israel, and a chorus who sings choral songs. Ezekiel adapts and develops the Biblical narrative and expresses it in the genre of Greek drama. Chapter2: "Tragedy and the Hellenistic World" The objective of chapter 2 is to examine the evidence of tragedy in Hellenistic times. This will include examining the influence of traaedy in the seven cities of Asia Minor to whom John writes, as well as the Jews and their association with the theatre. The popularity of tragedy will be researched. The use of tragedy in the Imperial cult will be also be examined. The question that needs to be asked is "Would John be influenced by Greek drama in his communicating with the seven churches of Asia Minor? And were his audience in the seven cities familiar with Greek drama?" Chapter 3: "The Elements of _Greek Drama in the 126 -v'@ation of John" The objective of chapter 3 is to examine research regarding the Revelation of John and Greek drama. The research shall be discussed in terms of certain features common to Greek drama (for example acts and scenes, the role of the chorus. the structure, the dramatic actors etc). Furthermore, my intention is to show that a number of reputable scholars have noted significant similarities between the Revelation of John and Greek drama, with some even arguing that the Revelation of John is written in the form of a Greek drama. The viewpoint that the Revelation is written in the szenre of Greek tragedy is a respectable viewpoint and has a noteworthy following. Chapter 4: The Form of the Revelation" The form of Revelation will be compared with the form of Greek drama in chapter 4. The purpose is to see whether noteworthy similarities of form exist between the Revelation and Greek drama. Chapter 5: The Function of the Revelation" The cathartic' function of Greek tragedy and the cathartic function of the Revelation will be examined. The question asked is: "does the Revelation have a cathartic function? and if so how does this cathartic function compare with Greek tragedy? Why would the revelation have a cathartic effect?" Chapter 6: "The Throne Scene" The "throne scene" of chapter 4 following is one of the most important scenes in the Revelation of John. "Throne scenes"are popular accounts in both prophetic and apocalyptic writings 63. In this chapter we shall examine the "throne scene" from the viewpoint of Greek drama, so as to see whether it would indeed be possible to communicate a throne scene effectively in Greek drama practice. `Catharsis means "healing" in lavmens terms. This is abundantly clear in the throne scenes of Isaiah and Ezekiel in the Old Testament, as well as an abundance of throne scenes in inter-testamental apocalyptic writings.

M.A. / This is an exegetical study of the word 'breathed' or `ΕΜΦΥΣΑΩ' in John 20:22. Firstly it looks at the background of this word in the Septuagint and the Apocrypha. In the Septuagint a study is made of the meaning of the word in the various books in which it occurs. Circumstances surrounding the use of this word and the context under which it is used are taken into consideration in an attempt to get an accurate meaning. A note is also made on the use of this word as explained by different scholars. In this study I also examine the possibility of a relationship between this word and creation. Reference is made to the creation in Genesis and creation in Ezekiel. Because of the different circumstances that exist between these two books, a note on such differences is given. The idea that the book of John has a creation motif is also investigated. I try first of all to look at the way the author of the fourth gospel develops his creation motif from the beginning of his gospel. This is carried through the whole book of John during the Lord's earthly ministry and extending to the period after His resurrection which culminates in the action of John 20:22. John comes through as someone who presents Christ as the Creator of both the new and the old creation. This idea is investigated and researched to find the connection between the old creation and the new creation. John seems to see a new creation emerging with Jesus' arrival in this world. This starts immediately as Jesus establishes this new creation Himself while He is still in the world. We observe that He does this through the means of the signs that He performs.

Orientador : Kanavillil Rajagopalan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:23:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melo_SandraHelenaDiasde_D.pdf: 1443142 bytes, checksum: 231a45d2cc250197b5271a861e87c072 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Com o objetivo de investigar os "valores", "opiniões" e "conceitos" evidenciados e constituídos na e sobre a linguagem, este trabalho pretendeu ser uma pequena contribuição àqueles interessados nas discussões sobre identidade, ética e linguagem na imprensa. Partindo do pressuposto de que a língua oferece um leque de possibilidades interpretativas e de que a identidade não é encontrada in natura, fundamentei minha reflexão sob o entendimento de língua como performativa e ao mesmo tempo constitutiva do discurso da história. Para refletir sobre a relação criada entre linguagem e ética na imprensa, a partir do construto que a identifica como "neutra", recorri aos estudos de discurso, política e identidade da análise crítica do discurso. O levantamento do que se considera "bom" ou "ruim" no comportamento da linguagem e da imprensa foi feito a partir da análise de três manuais de redação e estilo de jornais brasileiros. Além desses aparelhos de referência para a "boa" imprensa, foram analisados textos jornalísticos e livros técnicos, em especial, aqueles que trazem um discurso sobre linguagem e Imprensa. A tese central de que a linguagem é performativa e não informativa, como quer a imprensa, mobilizou uma discussão sobre a representação política que é feita pelos manuais, através da apresentação/divulgação da redação e do estilo jornalísticos, bem como dos procedimentos utilizados pelo profissional da imprensa. A representação, como um modo de agir sobre a construção das identidades, revela a modelização, que é lançada pela imprensa para sua linguagem e seu procedimento técnico, a qual produzirá, nas/pelas práticas discursivas hegemônicas do jornalismo, a "estreita ligação" entre ética e linguagem informativa e neutra na imprensa. Como aqui nada é conclusivo, pelo menos, no que tange a uma decisão eficientemente não vacilante para estudos posteriores, as discussões trazidas nesta investigação pretendem servir de sugestões para a reflexão ou desarrumação de alguns conceitos muito bem definidos no discurso sobre linguagem e jornalismo. Por fim, é preciso dizer que, se esta investigação servir para acautelar as pessoas envolvidas na promessa de Como Fazer um Bom Jornalismo com Palavras, o ato de fala aqui empreendido já terá sido feliz / Abstract: Aiming at investigating the "values", "opinions", and "concepts" evinced and constituted in and on language, this thesis had the purpose ofbeing a modest contribution to those interested in the discussions on identity, ethics and language in the press. Based upon the presupposition that language offers a sheaf of possibilities for interpretation and that identity is not found in natura, I will support my reflection with the understanding of language as both performative and constitutive of discourse and history. In order to reflect on the relation created between language and ethics in the press, fTomthe construct that identifies it as "neutral", I resorted to the studies of discourse, politics, and identity in the field of critical discourse analysis. The survey of what is considered "good" or "bad" in the behavior of language and the press was carried out from the analysis of three manuaIs of writing and style of Brazilian newspapers. Besides these reference texts to the good press, journalistic texts and technical books were analyzed, especially those which convey a discourse on language and the press. The central thesis is that language is performative and not informative, as the press wants, mobilized a discussion on the political representation that is made by the manuals, through the presentation/publicizing of journalistic writing and style, as well as the procedures utilized by the press professional. The representation, as a way of acting on the construction of identities, reveals the modelization that is launched by the press to its language and technical procedure, which will produce, in/by the joumalistic hegemonic discursive practices, the intimate link between ethics and informative and neutrallanguage in the press. As here, in this thesis, nothing is conclusive, at least in terms of a decision efficient1y unfaltering to ulterior studies, the discussions conveyed in this investigation intend to render suggestions for the reflection or displacement of some concepts very well defined by the discourse on language and journalism. Finally, it is worth saying that, if this investigation rendered with caution the persons involved in the promise of How to Do a Good Journalism with Words, the speech act undertaken here would already have been happy / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística