Настоящая выпускная квалификационная работа посвящена исследованию феномена языковой игры и его реализации в СМИ с позиции аксиологического подхода. Цель данной диссертации заключается в комплексном описании реализации оценочной функции ЯИ на различных уровнях языка в британских СМИ. Материалом исследования послужили публикации британских СМИ (газеты, журналы, видеорепортажи). Выбор изданий был обусловлен тремя факторами: хронологическим (исследовались публикации 2018 года и позднее), территориальным, кроме того, принималось во внимание качество, статус и репутация издания. Используются такие методы исследования, как метод классификации, коммуникативно-прагматический метод, компонентный анализ, семантико-стилистический и функционально-семантический анализ. / The present graduation thesis is devoted to the research of the phenomenon of language play and its realization in mass media from the perspective of axiological approach. The study is aimed at complex description of realization of the evaluative function at different levels of the language in British mass media. The material of the study includes British mass media publications (newspapers, magazines and video reports). The choice of the publications depended on three factors such as the chronological factor (publications dated 2018 and later), the territorial factor as well as the status and reputation of the edition. The methods used include the method of classification, the method of communicative pragmatic analysis, component analysis as well as the semantic stylistic and functional semantic analyses.

<p>Language-play can briefly be described as the wilful manipulation of the peculiarities of a linguistic system in a way that draws attention to these peculiarities themselves, thereby causing a communicative and cognitive effect that goes beyond the conveyance of propositional meaning. Among the various phenomena answering this description are the different kinds of puns, but also more strictly form-based manipulations such as rhymes and alliteration, in addition to a host of other, sometimes even fuzzier, subcategories.</p><p>Due to its unusual nature, and especially its frequently strong dependence on the idiosyncrasies of a particular language, language-play can generally be assumed to constitute a significant challenge in a translation context. Furthermore, given its non-negligible effects, the translator is not free to simply ignore the language-play (provided it has been recognized as such in the first place) without having taken an active stance on its treatment. However, the difficulties in finding a suitable target-language solution are possibly exacerbated if the source text is a complex multimedia product such as a film, the translation of which, normally in the form of dubbing or subtitling, is subject to additional constraints.</p><p>In view of these intricacies, it has been the aim of this study to analyze and measure how language-play in film has actually been treated in authentic dubbing and subtitle versions. As a prerequisite, the concept of language-play has been elaborated on, and more than a dozen subcategories have been described, developed, and employed. For the purpose of carrying out a meaningful analysis of the dubbing and subtitling of language-play, a corpus has been compiled, comprising 18 family films and 99 of their various target versions, most on DVD, and yielding nearly 800 source-text instances of language-play and thousands of translation solutions.</p><p>The results indicate that especially two sets of factors, among the many that are likely to influence a translation, play a prominent role: the type of the language-play, and the identity and working conditions of the translator. By contrast, the mode of translation (dubbing vs. subtitling), the target language, or the general properties of the films, could not be shown to have a sizeable impact.</p>

Language-play can briefly be described as the wilful manipulation of the peculiarities of a linguistic system in a way that draws attention to these peculiarities themselves, thereby causing a communicative and cognitive effect that goes beyond the conveyance of propositional meaning. Among the various phenomena answering this description are the different kinds of puns, but also more strictly form-based manipulations such as rhymes and alliteration, in addition to a host of other, sometimes even fuzzier, subcategories. Due to its unusual nature, and especially its frequently strong dependence on the idiosyncrasies of a particular language, language-play can generally be assumed to constitute a significant challenge in a translation context. Furthermore, given its non-negligible effects, the translator is not free to simply ignore the language-play (provided it has been recognized as such in the first place) without having taken an active stance on its treatment. However, the difficulties in finding a suitable target-language solution are possibly exacerbated if the source text is a complex multimedia product such as a film, the translation of which, normally in the form of dubbing or subtitling, is subject to additional constraints. In view of these intricacies, it has been the aim of this study to analyze and measure how language-play in film has actually been treated in authentic dubbing and subtitle versions. As a prerequisite, the concept of language-play has been elaborated on, and more than a dozen subcategories have been described, developed, and employed. For the purpose of carrying out a meaningful analysis of the dubbing and subtitling of language-play, a corpus has been compiled, comprising 18 family films and 99 of their various target versions, most on DVD, and yielding nearly 800 source-text instances of language-play and thousands of translation solutions. The results indicate that especially two sets of factors, among the many that are likely to influence a translation, play a prominent role: the type of the language-play, and the identity and working conditions of the translator. By contrast, the mode of translation (dubbing vs. subtitling), the target language, or the general properties of the films, could not be shown to have a sizeable impact.

Denna avhandling handlar om en förberedelseklass med elever (7-10 år) som har ett annat hemspråk än svenska (arabiska, kurdiska, thailändska). Utifrån empiri som samlats in genom videoinspelningar och observationer under ett års tid i en förberedelseklass studeras elevernas deltagande och språkinlärning i det dagliga klassrumsarbetet. I studien kombineras språksocialisationsteorier med en konversationsanalytisk ansats som bygger på detaljerade transkriptioner och analyser av interaktionen. Mer specifikt studeras elevernas kommunikativa praktiker såsom de utvecklas i klassrummets interaktionella ekologi och på ett sätt som situerar elevernas svenska språkutveckling inom ramen för deras konkreta klassrumserfarenheter. Tre återkommande kommunikativa praktiker identifieras och analyseras ingående: (1) påkallande av uppmärksamhet; (2) självselektioner till talturer i flerpartsamtal; (3) språklek och metapragmatisk lek. Resultaten presenteras i fyra studier. Den första artikeln fokuserar på hur eleverna påkallar lärarens uppmärksamhet under individuellt arbete. Studien visar hur de uppgraderar sina försök att försäkra sig om lärarens uppmärksamhet genom att använda både verbala och icke-verbala resurser, inklusive affektiva markeringar och klassrumsartefakter. I den andra studien analyseras elevernas självselektioner i lärarledda samtal ur ett longitudinellt perspektiv. I artikeln framkommer hur deltagandet i dessa aktiviteter är intimt relaterat till språkliga och interaktionella kompetenser med konsekvenser för elevens ’identitet’ i klassrumsgemenskapen. I den tredje studien utforskas barnens metapragmatiska lekar. Studien visar hur de skapar skämtsamma episoder i vilka de överträder lokala normer för språkbruk. I den fjärde studien analyseras slutligen barnens spontana språklekar, vilka kan ta formen av egeninitierade ’språklektioner’, ett gemensamt utforskande av språklig form och mening, som även innefattar något av ett offentligt framträdande för kamratgruppen. Sammantaget, visar studierna olika aspekter av informellt lärande i ett klassrum och lyfter fram praktiker som hitintills ofta förbigåtts i forskning om andraspråkslärande. / The present thesis investigates L2 learners’ participation and language learning in a Swedish immersion classroom (ages 7-10). The data consist of video recordings and observations of classroom (and recess) activities, during one school year. Methodologically, the present thesis combines insights from language socialization with detailed transcriptions and analysis, inspired by conversation analytic approaches. More specifically, the learners’ communicative practices are studied as they emerge in the interactional ecology of a specific classroom, situating Swedish language (L2) development within the concrete classroom experiences of the learner. Three communicative practices were recurrently identified in the children’s classroom repertoires: (i) summonses; (ii) self-selections; (iii) language play, including metapragmatic play. The findings are documented in four studies. The first article focuses on how L2 novices solicit the teacher’s attention during individual seatwork. It illustrates how the novices upgraded their attempts to secure the teacher’s attention by employing multimodally structured summons turns, involving affective stances and displays of classroom artefacts. In the second study, an L2 novice’s self-selections in teacher-fronted (conversational) activities are analysed in a longitudinal perspective, showing how participation in such activities was related to language, and interactional skills, that were consequential for ‘learner’ identity in the classroom community. The third study explores the children’s metapragmatic play and demonstrates how they created joking episodes, involving transgressions from local classroom norms. Finally, the fourth study analyses children’s spontaneous form-focused language play. It demonstrates that such playful episodes and transgressions from ‘correct’ language form recurrently evolved into spontaneous peer-run ‘language lessons’; a form of aesthetic explorations of language form and meaning, involving multiparty public performances. As a whole, the present studies illuminate different aspects of informal learning in language classrooms, highlighting practices that have largely escaped systematic attention in much prior work on second language acquisition.