in English A Comparison of the Legal Status of Professional Football Players in Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic The thesis is, above all, a response to the still largely unresolved situation regarding the Czech legal regulation of the activities performed by professional sportspeople practising the so-called team sports. According to many opinions, it appears highly likely that professional sporting activity fully meets the legal definition of "dependent labour" which should be performed solely within labour relationships in accordance with the labour code; however, the contemporary practice is vastly different. The overwhelming majority of professional sportspeople and their clubs enter into so-called innominate contracts governed by the civil code; this approach has been explicitly found permissible by the Supreme Administrative Court within its stable case-law. On the one hand, such practice provides the flexibility that is much needed in professional sports and is also financially beneficial for both sides. On the other hand, however, it denies sportspeople of the legal protection they would enjoy as employees. This is why there have recently been gradually intensifying calls suggesting that the status quo is unsatisfactory and unsustainable; this conclusion seems to...

The thesis focuses on regulation of advertising on the Internet. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the current state and position of public regulation of online advertising, both in general and on the example of Google advertising network. The approach to achieve defined goals is to first present a theoretical overview of the legal regulation of advertising with an emphasis on online advertising, followed by a case study showing the practical functioning of online advertising rules in Google AdWords accompanied by qualitative research involving relevant representatives of the online advertising market. The conclusion is an assessment of the rules of online advertising and evaluation of the legal rules' role in relation to it.

This diploma thesis focuses on the issue of the impact of legal regulation on the business model during its formulation and implementation. This work outlines the theoretical background in which are described the key concepts of work, strategic management and strategy, the insured strategy of corporate and business strategy and innovative approach as a business model Canvas. Furthermore, the basic characteristics of the level and method of legal regulation are outlined. The analytical part presents a specific business model, which will be used to reveal key areas subjected to legislation, which will then be compared with the solutions of the most successful companies in the given area. Based on these findings, the design part deals with the formulation and implementation of the business model so that it is legally compliant at both national and supranational levels, with the economic impact of the selected solution according to the degree of complexity and risk.

1 Abstract The aim of the thesis is to present a comprehensive picture of the legal regulation governing the status and activities of political parties in the Czech Republic, to point out its weaknesses and, where appropriate, to present de lege ferenda proposals. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part deals with the general development of modern political parties and the reasons that led to their institutionalization. Then, it presents the development of the legal regulation of political parties in the Czech lands, starting with the revolutionary events of 1848 and 1849 and ending with the establishment of the independent Czech Republic. The quasi-institution of political movements, whose presence in the legal system cannot be defended in any way, is also presented. The second part deals with the constitutional incorporation of political parties. At the constitutional level, the privileged role of political parties in the political system is explicitly recognised. Safeguards for the free development of political parties are enshrined here, but also their obligation to respect fundamental democratic principles. The third part deals with the legal regulation of the most important aspects of the life of political parties - the issues of their formation and dissolution, the regulation of...

The presented thesis analyzes legal regulation concerning protection of nature and landscape in relation to climbing in the Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis is to create a comprehensive overview on legal aspects of climbing and its critical analysis. For these reasons the thesis attends to another activity closely connected to climbing which is movement of persons in free nature. Rights of owners of properties as one of the important private law aspects is considered as well. The key part addresses itself to legal regulation of climbing in specially protected areas which are important locations for the subject activity. Conclusions of the thesis are based on not only legislative and regulatory acts, but many administrative decisions and measures of general nature issued by nature conservation authority. The thesis is divided into six thematically intertwined chapters. These chapters pursue a definition of climbing, an identification of reasons for which law regulation is needed and mainly presentation and analysis of legal regulation and legal aspects of climbing including issues of responsibility according to both private and public law. The thesis may serve specialists in the field of law as source of information on the subject activity as well as on partial legal institutes of protection of the...

El presente trabajo, abarca un análisis de las pandemias, en especial del reciente COVID 19, cuya situación excepcional conllevó a la toma de decisiones por parte de los diferentes estados, ante el inminente colapso de los sistemas de salud; lo que originó una serie de confrontación de derechos fundamentales, colocando a los médicos en la posición de decidir a quién se le proporcionaba el escaso equipamiento médico, ante una elevada demanda de pacientes, aunado a esto, se pasaron por alto los principios bioéticos como el de dignidad humana o defensa de la vida, así como el de beneficencia, ello ante las escasas e ineficaces directrices que se dieron en algunos países, por lo que en el presente trabajo, buscamos proponer reglas biojurídicas que puedan ser aplicadas en futuras pandemias. / This document covers an analysis of pandemics, especially the recent COVID 19, this exceptional situation led the different states to make decisions, in the face of the imminent collapse of health systems; which originated a series of confrontations of fundamental rights, placing doctors in the position of deciding who was provided with scarce medical equipment, in the face of a high patient demand, added to this, bioethical principles such as human dignity or defense of life were overlooked, as well as the principle of beneficence, in front of the few and ineffective guidelines that were given in some countries, therefore in the present work, we seek to propose bio-legal rules that can be applied in future pandemics.

The presented thesis deals with political parties and especially with their legal regulation. However, the thesis does not only use the legal statutes and theirs provisions, but it also aspire to set the existence and the action of political parties into a wider context, which is provided the political science. The subject of the thesis is restricted to the Czech Republic (respectively to its contemporary national territory and to political parties, which existed or are existing within this territory). That's why the statutory regulation of political parties' position is set into the context of czech constitutional law order as well. Concurrently, only selected aspects of existence and action of political parties are carefully analysed. In spite of that, the thesis provides a basic overview of general legal regulation of political parties in the Czech Republic. This thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter pursues historical development of political parties' phenomenon in territory of contemporary Czech Republic It does so by characterizing of political parties themselves (including the enumeration of the most important ones of them), and further by regarding to their legal regulation in specific historical periods, which preceded the enactment of contemporary valid legal regulation of...

Presentation of the study. Analysed issues. Relevance of the topic. The Legal regulation of gambling differs across Europe and the world. Some jurisdictions have liberal gambling regulation where operators are free to engage in the betting and gaming business, other jurisdictions enjoy a gambling monopoly. Those countries which have state gambling monopolies participate in gambling through state-owned enterprises or through private concession-based operators. The Scandinavian countries also have long standing gambling monopolies and all gambling revenues are returned back into society to finance state budgets or public projects. Having followed the consequent Nordic tradition during the interwar period, after the restoration of independence Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia (with certain exceptions) chose a completely different gaming regulatory approach. These jurisdictions chose a fairly liberal and also unique gambling regulation. The Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian gambling regulators acknowledge that these countries can not be classified within any gambling legal regulatory system. Certain conceptual problems that are endemic in gaming legal regulation in Lithuania and Baltics were observed by the author while working as a legal practitioner. Since then, through becoming more and more involved in gambling legal regulation and through the observation of foreign law, the author began to think about what might constitute ideal gambling regulation guidelines, and began... [to full text] / Tyrimo pristatymas. Analizuojama problema. Temos ir darbo aktualumas. Azartinių lošimų teisinis reguliavimas Europos bei pasaulio valstybėse skiriasi. Vienose iš jų azartiniai lošimai reguliuojami liberaliai – azartinių lošimų organizavimo verslu leidžiama verstis beveik kiekvienam, kitose valstybėse gyvuoja azartinių lošimų monopolis. Valstybės monopolizavusios lošimus juos organizuoja per valstybines įmones ar per privačius koncesijos pagrindu veikiančius operatorius. Skandinavijos valstybėse nuo seno gyvuoja azartinių lošimų monopoliai, o visos iš azartinių lošimų uždirbtos pajamos yra sugrąžinamos atgal į visuomenę finansuojant valstybės biudžetą ar visuomeninius projektus. Tarpukariu sekusios Skandinaviškąją tradiciją, atkūrusios nepriklausomybę Lietuva, Latvija bei Estija (su tam tikra išimtimi) pasirinko visiškai kitokį azartinių lošimų teisinio reguliavimo būdą. Čia azartiniai lošimai reguliuojami gana liberaliai, tačiau kartu ir unikaliai. Tiek Lietuvos, tiek Latvijos bei Estijos azartinių lošimų reguliatoriai pripažįsta, jog šių šalių azartinių lošimų reguliavimo beveik neįmanoma priskirti prie jokios sistemos. Koncepcines problemas azartinių lošimų teisiniame reguliavime autorius pastebėjo dirbdamas teisininko praktiko darbą. Nuo to laiko vis labiau gilindamasis į azartinių lošimų teisinį reguliavimą, užsienio šalių praktiką autorius pradėjo mąstyti apie idealaus teisinio reguliavimo gaires, paskatindamas ir Mykolo Romerio universiteto studentus magistrantus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Magistro darbo įvade trumpai pristatoma teismo baudžiamojo įsakymo (toliau – baudžiamasis įsakymas) instituto kilmė, istorija, Europos šalių baudžiamųjų procesinių įstatymų įtaka Lietuvos baudžiamuosiuose procesiniuose teisės aktuose įvirtintam baudžiamojo įsakymo institutui. Taip pat atskleidžiami kai kurie tinkamo teisinio reguliavimo nustatymui taikytini teisėkūros principai, teisėkūros juridinės technikos reikalavimai (toliau – Reikalavimai), kuriais remiantis, Lietuvos Respublikos (toliau – LR) Seimo Baudžiamojo proceso kodekse (toliau – BPK) įtvirtintas baudžiamojo įsakymo institutas. Keliama hipotezė, kad teisėkūros principus, Reikalavimus pažeidžiantys nustatyti baudžiamojo įsakymo priėmimo proceso teisiniai reguliavimai kelia baudžiamojo įsakymo instituto taikymo problemas. Tam, kad patikrinti hipotezę, tyrime pristatoma baudžiamojo įsakymo priėmimo proceso samprata, identifikuojami galimai teisėkūros principus, Reikalavimus pažeidžiantys baudžiamojo įsakymo priėmimo proceso teisiniai reguliavimai (4 teisės normos / teisės normų grupės), konstatuojami pažeidimai, nepažeidimai. Konstatavus pažeidimus, ieškomos ir pristatomos tinkamus teisinius reguliavimus sudarančios teisės normos kai kurių LR BPK nuostatų papildymui / pakeitimui. Pirmajame skyriuje, pateikiant baudžiamojo įsakymo instituto sampratą, apžvelgiama baudžiamojo įsakymo priėmimo proceso eiga, išskiriant esminius jos bruožus. Antrajame skyriuje (4 poskyriuose) atliekamas galimai probleminių baudžiamojo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / An origin, an history of an institute of the court‘s penal order (hereinafter – penal order) (a form of a simplified criminal process‘es model), an influence of the European criminal procedure laws on the criminal code of procedure (hereinafter – the CCP) of the Republic of Lithuania is briefly presented within an introduction of the Master‘s thesis (hereinafter – Thesis). In addition, some principles of legal regulation and the requirements of legal technique (hereinafter – Requirements) are represented. An hypothesis is then formed that legal regulations of the penal order‘s issuing process (regulated in the CCP of Lithuania) that violate the principles, Requirements raise problems of applying the institute of the penal order. In order to test the hypothesis, a concept of the penal order‘s issuing process is represented and the most possibly problematic legal regulations identified in the research. Furthermore, there are ascertained which identified legal regulations conflict with the principles, Requirements; proper legal regulations is then proposed to alter or supplement some provisions of the CCP of Lithuania. The structure of the Thesis includes 2 chapters, 4 paragraphs, conclusions and recommendations for the legislator. In the first chapter (the analysis of the concept of the penal order‘s issuing process), the penal order issuing process, which is similar in whole jurisdictions, is briefly presented highlighting it‘s essential features. The second chapter consists... [to full text]

Legal regulation of employment and security against unemployment in the Czech Republic The issues connected with unemployment deserve big amount of attention, because they can cause some serious problems in the society. This thesis is aimed to analyse legal regulation of employment and security against unemployment in the Czech Republic. Within the process of its creation I have also worked with various legal instruments and commented on their functionality. The thesis is composed of nine chapters. Chapter one characterises right to work and right to employment and explains the difference between these terms. In this chapter I have also widely dealt with international legal documents, which contain right to work. Chapter two focuses on unemployment, its kinds, rate and development over past few decades in the Czech Republic. I have emphasised the consequences of unemployment on individuals and society. Chapter three briefly summarizes conception and functions of labour law and then focuses on goals of state employment policy in the Czech Republic and entities, which participate in its execution. Chapter four deals with arrangement of employment by Labour office and labour agencies. It emphasizes obligations that applicant for a job has to fulfil to use this service. In this chapter I have also tried to...