AND KEY WORDS Thesis focused on: Execution proceeding. Selected aspects of the position and activity of private Executors. Key words: Private Executor. Code of Execution. Actual problems of legal regulation of Private Executors. This thesis is devoted to the topic of private Executors. The Author focuses on selected aspects of status of private Executors and their execution activity, the interesting and current ones. The private Executor, natural person, has to meet legal requirements and be appointed by the Minister of Justice. The private Executor enforces that obligations, which have not been fulfilled voluntarily. This is an intervention to a person`s privacy, which makes them unpopular. In addition, public perceive of the Executors and debt collectors (not regulated by the Code of executions neither the Code of Civil procedure and often acting on the edge of the law), as the same institute. Therefore, a short chapter addresses the issue of this problematics. As well this chapter deals with Insolvency Administrators, because their status is commonly compared with status of Executors, and also there is comparison of their remunerations. The Executor can employ the executor`s apprentice and a candidate. These persons strive to be appointed to an executioner office pro futuro. Private Executor is...

Development of legal regulation of gamekeeping in the Czech Republic and its further perspectives The topic of this diploma thesis is the development of legal regulation of gamekeeping in the Czech Republic and its further perspectives. Its main goal is to describe and evaluate the development of legislation of gamekeeping in the Czech Republic, to point out the most important milestones in its history, which are also reflected in current legislation and whose knowledge is necessary to understand today's gamekeeping. Next, to critically evaluate the current legal regulation of gamekeeping especially in terms of legal theory and hunting practice, link its wording with valid case law and other legislation, warn against its deficiencies and, last but not least, in selected areas to determine the direction in which Czech gamekeeping legislation should be further developed in order to preserve wild animals as a renewable natural resource and gamekeeping tradition for future generations. The work is divided into four main chapters, the first deals with the historical development of gamekeeping in the Czech Republic and is further divided into individual subchapters according to the most important legal acts during the development of gamekeeping legislation, that is, from about the middle of the tenth...

Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / Bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In order for the government to function, it needs goods and services. It may acquire these goods and services by using its own resources, or by contracting with outside bodies. The latter method is generally referred to as public or government procurement. Government procurement usually contributes a large deal to a country’s economy and is therefore of great importance. With South Africa’s political transformation in 1994, the construction industry was used as the model for public sector procurement reform. The industry regulates all infrastructure and constituted 3.8% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2011 with the private sector as its biggest client. The legal regulation of construction procurement in South Africa is therefore significant. Section 217 of the Constitution¹ sets the standard for government procurement in South Africa. Section 217(1) provides that organs of state in the national, provincial or local sphere of government or any other institutions identified in national legislation when contracting for goods or services must do so in accordance with a system which is fair, equitable, transparent, competitive and cost-effective. Organs of state are not prevented from implementing procurement policies which provide for categories of preference in the allocation of contracts and the protection or advancement of persons, or categories of persons, disadvantaged by unfair discrimination in terms of section 217(2). Section 217(3) in turn provides that national legislation must prescribe a framework in terms of which section 217(2) must be implemented. The rules for construction procurement in South Africa are found in the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Act² and the Regulations to the Act.³ The Construction Industry Development Board has been established by the Act and is empowered to regulate construction procurement in terms of the Act and to publish best practice guidelines for further regulation and development of construction procurement. This thesis aims to answer the question as to whether the legal regulation of construction procurement complies with section 217 of the Constitution. Chapter one sets out the research question to be answered, the hypothesis on which the thesis is based and the methodology employed. Chapter two establishes the constitutional standard for government procurement in South Africa and is the standard against which the rules discussed in subsequent chapters are tested. Following this, the procurement procedures in terms of which supplies, construction works and services are procured are described and analysed in chapter three. It appears that the Regulations to the CIDB Act exclude contracts for supplies and services in the construction industry. Therefore, the qualification criteria for construction works contracts are examined in chapter four. Thereafter, the evaluation and award of construction works, supplies and services contracts are explained and analysed in chapter five. Government procurement may further be used for objectives not directly connected to the main goal which is the procurement of goods and services at the best possible price. It may also be used for the promotion of socio-economic objectives, for example. Therefore, in the sixth chapter, the use of government procurement as a policy tool in the South African construction industry is discussed and analysed. The concluding chapter collectively refers to what was discussed in the preceding chapters including the conclusions and attempts to answer the research question as to whether the legal regulation of construction procurement in South Africa complies with section 217 of the Constitution. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die staat het goedere en dienste nodig om te funksioneer. Dit kan hierdie goedere en dienste verkry deur die staat se eie bronne te gebruik, of dit kan instansies van buite kontrakteer. Daar word oor die algemeen na laasgenoemde metode verwys as staatsverkryging. Gewoonlik lewer staatsverkryging ‘n groot bydrae tot ’n land se ekonomie en dit is dus van groot belang. Met Suid-Afrika se politieke transformasie in 1994 is die konstruksiebedryf as die model voorgehou vir die hervorming van die staatsverkrygingstelsel. Die konstruksiebedryf reguleer alle infrastruktuur in die land en het in 2011 3.8% tot Suid- Afrika se Bruto Binnelandse Produk (BBP) bygedra, met die private sektor as die grootste kliënt in die bedryf. Dit is dus noodsaaklik dat staatsverkryging in die Suid-Afrikaanse konstruksiebedryf wetlik gereguleer word. Artikel 217 van die Grondwet4 stel die standaard vir staatsverkryging in Suid-Afrika. Artikel 217(1) bepaal dat staatsorgane in die nasionale, provinsiale of plaaslike regeringsvertakkings, of enige ander instelling in nasionale wetgewing vermeld, wat vir goedere of dienste kontrakteer, sodanige goedere of dienste moet verkry ooreenkomstig ’n stelsel wat regverdig, billik, deursigtig, mededingend en koste-effektief is. Staatsorgane word verder nie verhinder of belet om staatsbeleid te implementeer wat voorsiening maak vir die bevordering van sekere mense, of kategorieë mense, wat ingevolge artikel 217(2) deur onbillike diskriminasie benadeel is nie. Artikel 217(3) bepaal dat nasionale wetgewing ’n raamwerk moet voorskryf ingevolge waarvan artikel 217(2) geïmplementeer moet word. Die Wet op die Ontwikkelingsraad vir die Konstruksiebedryf (Construction Industry Development Board Act)5 en die Regulasies tot die Wet6 omskryf die regsreëls vir staatsverkryging in die Suid-Afrikaanse konstruksiebedryf. Die Ontwikkelingsraad vir die Konstruksiebedryf het ingevolge hierdie Wet tot stand gekom en is gemagtig om staatsverkryging in die konstruksiebedryf te reguleer. Dit mag ook goeie praktykriglyne publiseer vir verdere regulering en ontwikkeling van staatsverkryging in die konstruksiebedryf. Hierdie tesis het ten doel om die vraag te beantwoord of die wetlike regulering van staatsverkryging in die konstruksiebedryf aan artikel 217 van die Grondwet voldoen. Hoofstuk een gee ‘n uiteensetting van die navorsingsvraag wat beantwoord sal word, die hipotese waarop die tesis berus en die metodologie wat aangewend word. Hoofstuk twee omskryf die grontwetlike standaard vir staatsverkryging in Suid-Afrika en word as standaard gebruik waarteen die regsreëls vir staatsverkryging in die konstruksiebedryf in die daaropvolgende hoofstukke getoets word. Vervolgens word die verkrygingsprosedures ingevolge waarvan voorraad, konstruksiewerk en dienste verkry word, in hoofstuk drie bespreek en ontleed. Dit blyk dat die Regulasies tot die Wet op die Ontwikkelingsraad vir die Konstruksiebedryf (CIDB Act) kontrakte vir die verkryging van voorraad en dienste uitsluit. Gevolglik word die tendervereistes vir konstruksiewerk in hoofstuk vier bespreek. Vervolgens word die evaluering en toekenning van konstruksiewerk, voorraad- en dienskontrakte uiteengesit en ontleed in hoofstuk vyf. Dit blyk verder dat staatsverkryging gebruik mag word vir doelwitte wat nie direk verband hou met die primêre doel, naamlik die verkryging van goedere en dienste teen die beste prys, nie. Dit mag byvoorbeeld ook gebruik word vir die bevordering van sosio-ekonomiese doelwitte. Gevolglik word staatsverkryging as ’n beleidsinstrument in die Suid-Afrikaanse konstruksiebedryf in hoofstuk ses bespreek en ontleed. Die laaste hoofstuk gee ‘n opsomming van wat bespreek is in vorige hoofstukke, maak gevolgtrekkings en probeer die navorsingsvraag beantwoord of die regsreëls wat staatsverkryging in die konstruksiebedryf reguleer, voldoen aan artikel 217 van die Grondwet.

Miroslav Ottomansky Legal regulation of protection against air pollution from mobile sources The goal of this thesis is to map tools used for legal regulations of mobile pollution sources. Thesis focuses on problematic regulation of motor vehicles' pollution in Czech Republic, however it also outlines basic legal adjustements related to other mobile pollution sources. Thesis starts with basic introduction to this problematic followed by overview of international legal regulations and main conceptional tools used for legal regulations in European Union. In the chapter dedicated to the principles of european law in terms of regulation of mobile sources' pollution thesis tries to research how are those regulations already being applied to specific legal norms. One chapter is dedicated to protection of rights for convenient environment and their prosecution. In the next part of the thesis the normative regulations within emission standarts, approval of types, requirements for fuel quality and control of emissions of motor vehicles are examined. In the last chapter the new legal adjustment of mobile sources' pollution named in the law of enviroment protection is briefly explained in context with increasing number of problems with regulation of road traffic in cities. Key words: air pollution from mobile sources,...

The Summary Generally Binding Ordinances of the Municipalities This thesis deals with generally binding ordinances of the municipalities. Generally binding ordinances of municipalities are legal regulations containing legal rules, that are creates by municipal council. The competence of municipal councils to pass generally binding ordinances of municipalities is guaranteed by the Constitution of the Czech Republic- Article 104 Paragraph 3 of Constitution of the Czech Republic. This thesis is focused on the phases of life of generally binding ordinances of the municipalities. Thesis is divided into four chapters according to these phases of life of generally binding ordinances of the municipalities. The first chapter is called Passing of generally binding ordinances of the municipalities. This chapter describes complicated process of law creation in the form of municipal legal regulations, from preparing a proposal of a generally binding ordinance of municipality to its becoming effective. The second chapter, called Implemantation of generally binding ordinances of municipalities, deals with implementation of these municipal legal regulations and especially it is focused on sanction of infringement of generally binding ordinances. The third part of thesis, called Supervision over the issuing and content of...

The aim of this thesis is to analyse legal regulations of marketing and advertising in the Czech Republic as well as in the European context and define possibilities of applications of marketing methods and tools in the field of legal services. This is followed by a detailed elaboration for advocacy being the most marketable branch within this field. Based on the analysis of classic marketing mix tools, the aim is to create a set of marketing instruments suitable for the selected field of advocacy services. The thesis takes into consideration particularly strong characteristics of legal services as such. The theoretical part of the thesis is opened by a chapter dealing with the issue of marketing in general. Defining the respective branch and identifying its basic descriptive signs creates a terminology basis for further development of the subject. Special attention is paid to individual key marketing components, the main one being the strategic marketing management and its main variables composed of the following: company mission, company objectives, company strategies and company opportunities. A strategic marketing process, formed by planning, implementation and control stages, is also elaborated. The planning stage is composed of a marketing situational analysis, setting of marketing...

This thesis deals with organization of a long-term school trip, which means organization of a sojourn for primary school pupils in surrounding which is beneficial to pupils' health while their education is not interrupted. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on those law regulations, which have to be followed in the process of organizing a long-term school trip and during the time the event is taking place. Basic concepts dealing with the organization of a long-term school trip are also defined in the theoretical part of this thesis. The practical part of this thesis is based on collecting data through a survey and dialogues with teachers. The aim of the survey and those dialogues is to find out the interest of primary school teachers who teach at schools located in Prague 1 and in Prague 2 in organizing a long- term school trip and to detect their experience which they have acquired by organizing long- school trips. KEYWORDS: organization, long-term school trip, administration, interest, pupil of primary school age, younger school age, sojourn, primary school

La présente recherche trouve son origine dans un constat de "crise" fait en doctrine ces dernières années à propos de la façon dont les sources se conçoivent aujourd'hui, ainsi que dans celui de profondes évolutions dans le champ plus spécifique du droit du travail.L’objet de l’étude est d’identifier les traits saillants du bouleversement annoncé. Il est question de vérifier si la représentation travailliste que l’on se fait des sources conduit effectivement dans une impasse épistémologique. Les impensés ou les anomalies identifiées conduiront alors à explorer le droit du travail contemporain et ses processus de création. Il pourra alors, à partir de cet ancrage, être envisagé de proposer un renouvellement théorique dont l’ambition est de proposer une meilleure appréhension de la réalité telle qu’elle se donne à voir dans cette matière / The present research finds its origin in a finding of "crisis" in recent years about the way that legal sources are conceived today, as well in a finding of profound evolutions in the more specific field of labor law.The purpose of the study is to identify the salient features of the announced upheaval. It is a question of verifying if the dominant representation of labor law sources leads effectively to an epistemological stalemate. The unthought or anomalies identified will then lead to the exploration of contemporary labor law and its creation processes. It may then, from this anchorage, be considered to propose a theoretical renewal whose ambition is to propose a better apprehension of the reality as it is given to see in this matter

Šeimos teisės esmę ir jos įgyvendinimo svarbiausius būdus nustato ir išreiškia šeimos teisės principai. Kadangi gyvenime vyksta tokie spartūs socialiniai pokyčiai, liečiantys ir šeimos santykius, kyla klausimas, ar šeimos teisės principai bėgant laikui taip pat negali pamažu transformuotis. Todėl yra svarbu ir aktualu išnagrinėti šeimos santykių teisinio reglamentavimo principus ir atskleisti, ar jie atitinka visuomenės lūkesčius. Lietuvos Respublikoje šeimos santykių teisinis reglamentavimas grindžiamas monogamijos, santuokos savanoriškumo, sutuoktinių lygiateisiškumo, prioritetinės vaikų teisių ir interesų apsaugos ir gynimo, vaikų auklėjimo šeimoje, motinystės visokeriopos apsaugos principais bei kitais civilinių santykių teisinio reglamentavimo principais. Darbe yra kompleksiškai analizuojama ir atskleidžiama šeimos teisės principų samprata, apibrėžiamas jų turinys. Nagrinėjama Lietuvos nacionalinių teismų formuojama praktika šia tema, nustatomos šių principų įgyvendinimo problemos, principų santykis su kitais šeimos teisės institutais (santuoka, ištuoka, vaikų ir tėvų tarpusavio teisės ir pareigos ir kt.). Darbe taip pat yra pateikiama lyginamoji analizė su kai kuriomis užsienio valstybėmis (Rusija, Lenkija) šeimos teisės principų atžvilgiu. Išanalizavus darbo temą bei išnagrinėjus teismų praktiką, prieita prie išvados, jog tarp šeimos teisės principų jokios hierarchijos nėra. Jie visi egzistuoja lygiagrečiai ir yra taikomi visi ar keli iš jų kartu sprendžiant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The principles of family law determine the essence of family law and the most important means of its implementation. Due to the rapid social changes, which have the impact on the family relationship, the question arises: do the principles of family law also change as the time passes? That is why examination of the principles of legal regulation in family law and establishing whether they correspond to the expectations of the society is crucial and of great relevance. The legal regulation of family relationship in Lithuania is based on the principles of monogamy, the equality of spouses, the voluntariness of marriage, the priority of the protection of child rights and interests, the upbringing of the child in the family, the protection of motherhood and on other principles of regulation of civil relationship. In this paper the concept of family law principles is explored and the content of these principles is defined. The special attention is devoted to the practice, formed by the courts in Lithuania. Also the problems of implementation of the principles are established, the relations of the principles with the relevant institutes of family law (marriage, divorce, mutual rights and obligations of parents and children, etc.) are analyzed. The paper also provides the comparative analysis of the principles with those applied in Russian Federation and Poland. After the topic has been explored and the court practice has been examined, the following conclusions are made: there is... [to full text]

Verslo subjektų veikla yra reglamentuota teisės aktų, siekiant kontroliuoti teisinių santykių dalyvių veiksmus. Tokia kontrolė, be kitų jos formų, pasireiškia ir per teisė aktuose nustatytus informacinius reikalavimus pateikti tam tikrą informaciją, statistinius duomenis ar kitokio pobūdžio medžiagą. Vykdydami teisės aktuose nustatytus reikalavimus, verslo subjektai neišvengiamai patiria išlaidų, kurių tikslus ar apytikslis dydis, nenaudojant specialių apskaičiavimo metodų, dažniausiai lieka nežinomas, todėl neįmanoma vykdyti išlaidų stebėsenos ir įvertinti teisės aktais verslo sektoriui daromos įtakos. Didžiulę atskaitomybės naštą įmonėms sukelia valstybės valdymo institucijų reikalavimai, įgyvendinant teisės aktų nuostatas, pateikti pačią įvairiausią informaciją apie įmonių veiklą ir jos rezultatus. Kadangi šios informacijos srautas nėra centralizuotas, todėl reikalavimų pateikti informaciją nuolat daugėja. Nekoordinuojant informacijos pateikimo, daugėja faktų, kada tos pačios informacijos prašo kelios institucijos arba tai pačiai informacijai pateikti reikia pildyti skirtingas formas ar anketas. Išlaidos, kurias patiria verslo subjektai, vykdydami teisės aktų reikalavimus (informaciniai įpareigojimai), sudaro administracinę naštą. Norint kiekybiškai išmatuoti verslo subjektų patiriamas išlaidas, būtina taikyti specialius įvertinimo metodus. Labiausiai išvystytas ir leidžiantis tiksliausiai įvertinti tokias išlaidas yra standartinis išlaidų modelis. / The business is regulated by legislation in order to control the legal relations of the participants. Such control is implemented by legislation and institute information requirements to provide certain information, statistics or other type of material. Fulfilling legislative requirements business entities inevitably experience costs that usually remain unknown if special methods of calculation are not used. It is impossible to carry out the costs of monitoring and evaluate the impact of legislation on the business sector if data is missing. The requirements of public administration institutions to provide various information about companies’ activity and results cause a huge burden to companies. As the flow of such information is not centralized and the requirements to provide information constantly increase. Without coordinating the presentation of such information, the number of facts when the same information is requested by various authorities or the same information is required to fill in different forms or questionnaires increase. The costs incurred by businesses performing the requirements of the law (for information obligations), compose the administrative burden. In order to quantitatively measure the costs experienced by business entities it is needed to use special methods of valuation. The most developed and allowing to evaluate such costs most accurately method is the standard cost model.