Abstract Owing to the change of Taiwanese political constitution. The legislator was becoming an increasingly important role in recent years. Therefore, those who aid the legislators in dealing with their affairs also play important roles. They are the legislators¡¦assistants. However, it is observed that the legislators¡¦ assistants have had low satisfaction for several years, which leads to a high rate of employee turnover. The phenomenon did have a great effect on the quality and efficiency of assembly. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the legislators¡¦ assistants¡¦ system in terms of workers¡¦ recruitment, job orientation, training programs, welfare conditions, salary offered, job and salary match, and career development¡Ketc. This study also proposes some strategies which can assert the assistants¡¦rights. In order to understand the situation, this study takes not only participant observation method and intensive interview method, but also makes survey questionnaire to all legislators¡¦ offices. Finally, the findings are based on ¡§Human Resource Management Model¡¨ by Dr. Huang Ing-Chung¡]1997¡^ to analysis the interview and survey results. The results of the study indicate that: 1. In the aspect of acquisition management, the legislators¡¦ assistants always have heavy work pressures, overload tasks and undefined job contents. Moreover, there is neither clear criteria of recruitment nor job orientation. 2. In the aspect of development management, the job is lacking of suitable on-the-job training, performance appraisal and career development programs. 3. In the aspect of compensation management, the assistants have no formalized wage scales and positive benefits. Besides, they fail to take holidays like the employees of other companies. 4. In the aspect of maintenance management, most of the legislators seemed to prefer a more informal style of managing their employees. Therefore, they have no appropriate management styles, lacking of motivational systems and standing rules to manage employees.

The purpose of this study was to identify perceptions of superintendents and legislators regarding strategies utilized by superintendents to influence the development of educational policies. The study was guided by the following three research questions: 1) How do Texas superintendents perceive they influence state legislators in the development of educational policies? 2) How do Texas legislators perceive Texas superintendents influence state legislators in the development of educational policies? 3) What commonalities and differences exist between the perceptions of Texas superintendents and legislators in regard to how superintendents influence state legislators in the development of educational policies? A qualitative methodology and a grounded theory approach were utilized in this study (Corbin & Strauss, 2008). Data was collected via in-depth interviews with three purposely selected Texas public school superintendents and three Texas legislators. The data were coded and analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding techniques (Patton, 2002). This method of data analysis allowed for themes to emerge from the data and for the identification of a single overarching theme by which all other themes were connected. This study's findings uncovered that superintendents influence the development of educational policies at the state level by interacting with legislators and their staff members, by participating as members of professional organizations, and by enlisting local stakeholders. Ingrained in each of these processes for influencing policy development is the overarching theme that superintendents must build and foster relationships to influence the development of educational policies. Based on a thorough examination of the data gathered in this study, implications for practice were offered and recommendations for consideration of future studies that build upon this research were provided. This study is one of the only research endeavors ever conducted to examine the strategies utilized by superintendents to influence the development of educational policies. It is the only study of its kind known to the researcher that utilizes qualitative methodology. The richness of the data provided by the participants of this study adds significant value to the knowledge base regarding the political role of the public school superintendent to influence policy development. / text

Common authorship attribution is well described by various authors summed up in Jacques Savoy’s work. Namely, authorship attribution is the process “whereby the author of a given text must be determined based on text samples written by known authors [48].” The field of authorship attribution has been explored in various contexts. Most of these works have been done on the authors written text. This work seeks to approach a similar field to authorship attribution. We seek to attribute not a given author to a work based on style, but a style itself that is used by a group of people. Our work classifies an author into a category based off the spoken dialogue they have said, not text they have written down. Using this system, we differentiate California State Legislators from other entities in a hearing. This is done using audio transcripts of the hearing in question. As this is not Authorship Attribution, the work can better be described as ”Conversational Style Attribution”. Used as a tool in speaker identification classifiers, we were able to increase the accuracy of audio recognition by 50.9%, and facial recognition by 51.6%. These results show that our research into Conversational Style Attribution provides a significant benefit to the speaker identification process.

Both Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Plato offer doctrines of the great legislator, that highly virtuous figure who designs foundational laws for a political community, in order to shed light on the problem of legislation. This problem is that positive law is incapable of achieving the ends in political life that are expected of it, even though it is understood to be the chief tool at the disposal of the lawgiver. Close consideration of Rousseau’s and Plato’s political texts reveals that both philosophers are in agreement about the limited function of positive law, insofar as its exclusive purpose is to forestall the ills of human life. But they also agree that the effectiveness of legislation requires something more: the condition of effective laws is a comprehensive system of civic education, directed primarily at the passions, through which individual human beings are turned into good citizens. Taking into account the extreme difficulty of establishing such educational institutions, both Rousseau and Plato put forward doctrines of the legislator to indicate what sort of figure could possibly accomplish this task with success. The study finds that the two philosophers’ conceptions of the legislator are by and large similar, and finally, that they both express pessimism on the capacity of laws to promote the good life.

Both Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Plato offer doctrines of the great legislator, that highly virtuous figure who designs foundational laws for a political community, in order to shed light on the problem of legislation. This problem is that positive law is incapable of achieving the ends in political life that are expected of it, even though it is understood to be the chief tool at the disposal of the lawgiver. Close consideration of Rousseau’s and Plato’s political texts reveals that both philosophers are in agreement about the limited function of positive law, insofar as its exclusive purpose is to forestall the ills of human life. But they also agree that the effectiveness of legislation requires something more: the condition of effective laws is a comprehensive system of civic education, directed primarily at the passions, through which individual human beings are turned into good citizens. Taking into account the extreme difficulty of establishing such educational institutions, both Rousseau and Plato put forward doctrines of the legislator to indicate what sort of figure could possibly accomplish this task with success. The study finds that the two philosophers’ conceptions of the legislator are by and large similar, and finally, that they both express pessimism on the capacity of laws to promote the good life.

The study of legislator political career path so far has indicated that it can be influenced by legislative resources and local ecology. The legislative resources consists of salary of legislator, assistant¡¦s numbers, time in session , staff and facilities while local ecology depends on faction, party, and opportunity structure. By using of Taipei city council and Kaohsiung city council as study objects, we analyzed the difference of legislator political career, legislative resource and local ecology between Taipei city council and Kaohsiung city council. In conclusion, we found that the legislative resources not only give progress of legislator but also help their development in legislature. Moreover, the faction is also facilitated their development in legislature while party influence contributing higher position of legislator, and their opportunity structure are related the higher office of them.

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Abstract Recently, The ¡uDigital Revolution¡vchanges the store of the knowledge. The traditional conveyance of knowledge, book, have been gradually replaced by store equipments that have immense storage. Then, the internet totally changes information of the exchange. For the reason, the new storage technology and the specialization of the internet make the application and management of information a new landmark. The provision and exchange of public information are the essential activities in a democratic regime. But local study mostly focus on the administration, little study on legislative Yuan. Hence, this paper is intended to investigate representative behavior of Taiwan¡¦s legislators. Legislators are the representative of constituency. They are not only responsible for constituency, but need to monitor administration, law-making. Exchange of information is of utmost significance. The appearance of internet has positive affect on representative behavior of legislators, this paper discuss all of topics. Finally, after the seventh phrase of constitutional reform, the number of seats that legislators have reduce to half in th legislature. In addition, the legislators suffer the pressure of a single-constituency, two ballot system. I believe that legislators¡¦ paying more attention to the access the internet helps improve the quality of the activating in constituencies. I expect that the results of this study may increase the legislature revolution.

In this paper we discuss the electoral behavior of the 7th Legislator Election in single-member districts. The system impacted the election essentially. According to Median Voter Theorem by Anthony Downs, the candidates become imperious to look for support from the median voters rather than the partisans. And the candidates manipulate the elections with moderate campaign strategies. Base on Downs¡¦ theory, in this paper we extended the analysis by considering conditions such as the properties of electoral districts and candidates¡¦ status to clarify the electoral behavior in the election.

Constitutional Court: Negative Legislator? Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the question whether the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic can be considered as a mere negative legislator in connection with deciding on proposals for annulment of laws or their individual parts according to Art. 87 par. a) of the Constitution or whether the Constitutional Court departs from this position and how. The diploma thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part, while the author seeks to rely mainly on the actual decision-making practice of the Constitutional Court. In the theoretical part, the thesis deals with the concept of the negative legislator and its origin in the ideas of Hans Kelsen. Kelsen's concept of constitutional justice as a negative legislator is presented. In the following subchapters, the theoretical part is devoted to acquainting the reader with the decision-making of the Constitutional Court on petitions to annul laws or their individual parts. The thesis also describes the binding of judges in decision- making and their binding for other subjects. In the practical part, the thesis is divided into six individual chapters, each of which deals separately with one type of decisions that the Constitutional Court deviates from its position as a negative legislator. In each chapter...