Entrepreneurial legitimacy and strategies employed to generate legitimacy are topical and pertinent to entrepreneurship. This study sought to understand the impact of formative stage strategic legitimisation employment on entrepreneurial success. Through a review of the literature, the study built a strategic legitimacy scale offering that allowed for historical empirical testing. Using non probability sampling, entrepreneurs were surveyed through a face-to-face questionnaire in an attempt to attain closed response data regarding their historical strategic legitimisation activities and growth indicators. The study provided empirical evidence for a positive relationship between formative stage strategic legitimisation employment and venture development. Furthermore the presence of exponential value returns against strategic legitimacy activities was exposed at low and moderate levels of legitimacy engagement. While volatile value returns were shown at high levels strategic legitimacy employment. Furthermore the effectiveness of formative stage strategic legitimacy activities was shown to not be effected by the maturity of the industry in which a venture started. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Throughout the world, entrepreneurship is viewed as a solution for struggling economies and a major engine of economic growth. As a result, the field of entrepreneurship research has captured the interest of scholars, educators and policy makers. A substantial amount of empirical studies over the last two decades has examined the role of personality in determining entrepreneurial outcomes. Concurrently, organisational legitimacy is perceived as a necessary organisational attribute for the survival and growth of new ventures. Strategic legitimacy of nascent organisations is important in explaining organizational emergence. The current study seeks to determine if there is a relationship between an entrepreneur’s personality and the strategic legitimisation activities they employ in creating a new venture. A multiple regression model tested four factors of entrepreneurs’ personality as antecedents of strategic legitimisation activities among entrepreneurs in South Africa. The empirical findings suggest that positive extraversion traits are strong predictors of entrepreneurial activities to gain strategic legitimacy for new ventures. More interestingly, negative agreeableness traits were found to be strong antecedents of strategic legitimisation activities. Such a conclusion is important in that it provides new grounds of theoretical nature to better understand the personorganisation interplay. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

This thesis focuses on how the deviance and criminality associated with illegal drugs are negotiated by adult recreational drug takers. The empirical research incorporates twenty-six interviews with people aged between 30 and 59, who have taken drugs within the past year. The participant group comprised equal numbers of males and females in a variety of jobs in the private, public, and voluntary sector. Some were parents and many were in long-term partnerships. The analysis of the interviews employed discursive psychology, which is a form of discourse analysis that focused upon how drug taking is justified, reasoned and described by the participants. As a result of this analysis, six frameworks were formulated, which describe how drug use is legitimised by the participants. These are: the reformed hedonism; the planned celebration; the drug cultures; the socialisation; the moderation; and the situational opportunity frameworks. Each of the frameworks is unique and demonstrates differences in: drug taking choices and preferences, the social context in which drugs are taken, and how drug use is controlled and maintained within adult life. These frameworks are not representations of drug taking ‘identities’; nor are they designed to unearth the ‘truth’ about drug consumption patterns, but they illustrate how participants present themselves with reference to their behaviour. The thesis also introduces a newly developed concept termed, drugscrimination. This is where participants make reference to a level of unacceptable drug taking behaviour, which is out of control, dysfunctional and driven by the desire for extreme intoxication. Drugscrimination is a is ‘technique of neutralisation’ (Matza and Sykes, 1957) whereby participants justify their own drug use by outlining it as less risky than other types of drug taking behaviour. The participants did not view their own behaviour as morally wrong, nor were they widely condemned for it by their friends and family. Participants were mostly concerned about the impact knowledge of their drug use could have on their jobs and careers. In addition, parents with young children were concerned others would question their ability to effectively parent their children. Different discourses are utilised to reason opinions about the correct societal response to drugs. These relate to the discourses of: addiction, freedom, acceptance, tolerance, and conformity. Each discourse can be used to either support or reject drug law and policy, which demonstrates the complexities of understanding drug use in society. Participants feel they should be able to make their own rational decisions about their behaviour; however these should be responsible choices, which are respectful of individual health and well-being, and should not negatively impact others in society.

The diploma thesis aims to the problem of money laundering in Czech's law. At the beginning are explained the most frequent terms that are used in this work. The next part is dedicated to the analysis of law environment, institutions and international treaties. The last part contains information about actual methods used in legitimization of the proceeds. The aim of the thesis is to analyze methods of money laundering used in present and assess the quality of instruments used against it in the Czech Republic.

Yes / Irrespective of the fundamental role of legitimacy in industrial relations as well as social and organisational life, little is known of the subtle meaning-making strategies through which organisational concepts, such as employment relations and engagement, are legitimised in modern world of work, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria, which results in managerial capture. As a result, this paper explores the discursive legitimisation strategies used when making sense of employment relations in Nigeria’s conflictual, non-participatory employment relations terrain. Relying on Leeuwen’s (1995) legitimisation strategies, critical discourse analysis (CDA) and call by Bailey, Luck & Townsend (2009) and Legge (1995) to widen employment relations discourse, we explore interview, focus group and shadow report data, and distinguish and analyse five legitimisation strategies. The strategies include authorisation, moralisation, mythopoesis, rationalisation, and management. Therefore, we contend that while these specific legitimisation strategies appear in separate data source, their recurrent manifestation and application underscores legitimising discourse of managerial capture in Nigeria’s employment relations.

The main aim of this thesis is to explore ways in which the discourse of the Russian government legitimises its war in Ukraine. The following Research Question is put forward: What role does the discourse of the Russian government play in their legitimisation of the war in Ukraine? It is done within context of the last four years (2021-2024) with the focus on Vladimir Putin as the embodiment of what the Russian government is. The thesis is placed within the context of postcolonial theory, with focus on the post-Soviet world and application of this theory within it. I have chosen thematic analysis as the method of analysis for this thesis. Doing so allows for extraction of four main themes around which the legitimisation of war revolves. The four main themes being: Ukraine and Russia are brotherly nations; Ukraine is ruled by an illegitimate government; Ukraine is an artificial nation within the ‘historic lands’ of Russia; Ukraine under neo-Nazi leadership is seeking to destroy Russia. Additionally two smaller themes were discovered which further augment the discourse coming from the Russian government. The findings of analysis indicate versatility and contradictions of discourse coming from the Russian government based on differences between found themes, but also its preference for negative approach to legitimisation. Here referring to underlining negative traits or presenting a pejorative image of Ukraine.

This study was conducted by using a qualitative textual analysis on UNICEF Sweden’s website with the purpose of problematizing the role of UNICEF Sweden in today’s globalised society. This was done in the context of how organisations of civil society have gained influence. Following questions were answered: How does UNICEF Sweden legitimise its operation? Which strategies does UNICEF Sweden use to encourage involvement and donations? The study shows how UNICEF Sweden legitimises its work by promoting a unique influence, their unique methods of work and by showing how the organisation helps the most disadvantaged children. This is interpreted as strategies to establish donor trust. UNICEF Sweden encourages involvement and donations by packaging relief efforts into products that conveys a sensation of helping others, which can be understood in relation to the consumer society. UNICEF Sweden’s role in society appears to be significant. It is problematic though that the donor phenomenon tends to simplify the social problems and reduces aid efforts into commercialised products. / Denna studie genomfördes med kvalitativ textanalys av UNICEF Sveriges hemsida i syfte att problematisera den roll som UNICEF Sverige spelar i dagens globaliserade samhälle. Detta inom kontexten av att civilsamhällets organisationers inflytande har ökat. Följande frågeställningar besvarades: Hur legitimerar UNICEF Sverige sin verksamhet? Vilka strategier använder sig UNICEF Sverige av för att uppmana till engagemang och stöd? Studien visar att UNICEF Sverige legitimerar sin verksamhet genom att hävda sitt unika inflytandet, sin unika arbetsmetod samt genom att påvisa att organisationen hjälper de barn som är mest utsatta. Detta tolkas som strategier för att etablera givartillit. UNICEF Sverige uppmanar till engagemang och stöd genom att förpacka hjälpinsatser till produkter som förmedlar en upplevelse av att hjälpa, vilket kan förstås i relation till konsumtionssamhället. UNICEF Sveriges roll i samhället framstår som mycket betydelsefull. Emellertid är det problematiskt att givandefenomenet tenderar att förenkla sociala problem samt reducerar hjälpinsatserna till kommersialiserade produkter.

This thesis analyses speeches by Charles XIII of Sweden to the Assembly of the Estates from 1809 to 1818, showing how Charles legitimised himself, the new regime he represented and his two successors, Charles August, and Charles John. The legitimisation focuses on the rhetorical meaning that Charles chronologically gives to the key concepts he utilises in independence, citizens, and freedom and how this relates to the periods before his rule. The thesis shows that independence was the key concept of Charles’ legitimisation as he constructed a myth around the Coup d’état of 1809, why it was needed and why the new ruling system and constitution he represented was legitimate. This was also connected to the concept of citizens and freedom, where Charles acknowledges and recognises that citizens have the authority to decide the nation’s future freely, and to uphold the freedom that belonged to their ancestors. Charles's role as king was to protect the nation's independence and the authority and freedom of its citizens. Charles presented contrasting images for the two successors, with Charles August not needing or having much legitimisation due to his early demise and lack of action being legitimised as a promise for a better future. For Charles John, his legitimisation comes in two forms: he would continue the example of a constitutional monarch that Charles had shown and as a warrior king who, through his military actions, deserved the throne more than any before him. The thesis concludes by showing that Charles legitimised his power as king by embracing the constitutional monarchy, expressing that he and Charles John would protect the independence and freedom of the Swedish citizens and their authority guaranteed by the constitution.

Background: Mixed-methods research (MMR) offers much to healthcare professions on clinical and research levels. Speech-language therapists and audiologists work in both educational and health settings where they deal with real-world problems. Through the nature of their work, they are confronted with multifaceted questions arising from their efforts to provide evidence-based services to individuals of all ages with communication disorders. MMR methods research is eminently suited to addressing such questions. Objective: The aim of this tutorial is to increase awareness of the value of MMR, especially for readers less familiar with this research approach. Method: A literature review was conducted to provide an overview of the key issues in MMR. The tutorial discusses the various issues to be considered in the critical appraisal of MMR, followed by an explanation of the process of conducting MMR. A critical review describes the strengths and challenges in MMR. Results: MMR is less commonly used or published in the fields of speech-language therapy and audiology. Conclusion: Researchers working in teams can draw on the strengths of different disciples and their research approaches. Such collaborative enterprises will contribute to capacity building. Researchers, SLTs and audiologists are encouraged to make use of MMR to address the complex research issues in the multicultural, multifaceted South African context. MMR makes an important contribution to the understanding of individuals with communication disorders, and in turn, researchers in the two disciplinary fields of speech-language therapy and audiology can contribute to the development of this research approach. MMR is well suited to the complexity of South African contexts and its populations, as it can provide multiple perspectives of a topic.

This is a study of how knowledge producing actors, like professors of economics, ecological economics and investigators at public institutions, portray the monetary system in general and fractional reserve banking specifically. The methodology of Political Discourse Analysis, with focus on argumentation and legitimisation, is used to identify and compare how different actors portray the monetary system. The outcome shows that there exist competing knowledge discourses that are diametrically different in how they define keywords and describe the relation between the monetary system, societal power relations and environmental impact. Some important concepts under academic debate include the origin of money, which actor (the state or commercial banks) controls the money supply and seigniorage (money issuer’s revenue), if private banks really are intermediaries and multiply central bank money, and if interest-bearing money is a cause of socioecological unsustainability. By critically analysing the moral norms within knowledge discourses that otherwise might be naturalised as portraying ‘facts’ or ‘truth’, this thesis helps identify needs for further research – especially regarding how the financial system can be better adapted for socioecological sustainability.