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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Education and the summer camp an experiment,

Sharp, Lloyd Burgess, January 1930 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1930. / Vita. Published also as Teachers college, Columbia university, Contributions to education, no. 390. "The plan for the reorganization and operation of a summer camp program, as described ... has been carried out over a four-year period in two summer camps sustained by Life's fresh air fund."--Introd. Bibliography: p. 111-114.
2

Education and the summer camp an experiment,

Sharp, L. B. January 1930 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1930. / Vita. Published also as Teachers college, Columbia university, Contributions to education, no. 390. "The plan for the reorganization and operation of a summer camp program, as described ... has been carried out over a four-year period in two summer camps sustained by Life's fresh air fund."--Introd. Bibliography: p. 111-114.
3

Futebol e mulheres no Rio Grande do Sul : a trajetória esportiva de Eduarda Marranghello Luizelli (Duda)

Ramos, Suellen dos Santos January 2016 (has links)
Essa dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória esportiva de Eduarda Marranghello Luizelli (Duda) como jogadora de futebol e como dirigente atuando na formação de atletas. Para tanto está fundamentada em marcos teóricos relacionados à participação das mulheres no esporte, mais especificamente no futebol considerando narrativas biográficas. A metodologia utilizada tem um viés qualitativo com fundamentação teórica e metodológica na Historia Oral, utilizada como procedimento para a produção de fontes, tendo como foco a História de Vida. Foram realizadas 16 entrevistas com pessoas que mantém relação com a trajetória da Duda como familiares, ex-jogadoras de futebol e profissionais que atuam na escolinha esportiva que dirige. Estas entrevistas foram cotejadas com outros documentos, muitos deles integrantes do acervo pessoal da própria Duda e desse diálogo emergiram dois capítulos intitulados: Primeiro tempo: Duda jogadora e Segundo tempo: Duda dirigente. O primeiro eixo temático discute como se deu a inserção de Duda na modalidade e como consolidou sua trajetória como jogadora de futebol. O segundo eixo temático diz respeito a sua atuação como dirigente de uma escolinha de futebol. A partir das análises percebeu-se que o apoio familiar foi determinante para sua permanência e continuidade na modalidade, assim como, auxiliou ao longo de toda sua trajetória esportiva. Foi possível verificar que suas experiências no futebol italiano e na seleção brasileira, além de proporcionar momentos de realização, foram marcadas por dificuldades e frustrações. Observouse que sua trajetória no Sport Club Internacional foi permeada de lutas e vitórias em prol do esporte destacando Duda como referência da modalidade. Também foi possível observar que Duda transformou seu nome em uma marca através de sua Escola e consolidou sua representatividade na modalidade como formadora de atletas. Algumas tensões foram evidenciadas no que diz respeito ao gerenciamento esportivo por parte das mulheres, especificamente na ausência das mesmas em cargos de liderança. Conclui-se que Duda foi e ainda é uma das fomentadoras da modalidade no Rio Grande do Sul, sua representatividade como jogadora de futebol influenciou na carreira de muitas atletas e apesar dos obstáculos e das adversidades enfrentadas, sua trajetória esportiva é reconhecida no cenário nacional. / This thesis aims to analyze the sporting career of Eduarda Marranghello Luizelli (Duda) as a soccer player and as a director working in the training of athletes. The study is based on theoretical frameworks related to women's participation in sport, specifically in soccer considering biographical narratives. The methodology has a qualitative bias with theoretical and methodological foundation in Oral History, used as a procedure for the production of sources, focusing on the history of life. It was conducted 16 interviews with people who maintain a relationship with the Duda’s life trajectory as family members, former players and soccer professionals working in the soccer schools that she runs. These interviews were collated with other documents, many of them part of Duda’s personal collection, and this dialogue emerged two chapters entitled: First time: Duda player and second time: Duda director. The first main theme discusses how was Duda’s inclusion in the sport and how consolidated her career as a soccer player. The second main theme relates to Duda’s role as a director of a soccer school. From the analysis it was realized that family support was the key to the permanence and continuity in the sport, as well as helped throughout her sporting career. It was possible to verify that her experiences in Italian soccer and the Brazilian national team, not only provided realization of moments, but also they were marked by difficulties and frustrations. It was observed that Duda’s career in the Sport Club International was fraught with struggles and victories for the sport as highlighting her name as a women’s soccer reference. It was also noted that Duda turned her name into a brand through her schools and consolidated her representation in the sport as a trainer of athletes. Some tensions were evident with regard to sports managed by women, especially in the absence of females in leadership positions. It is concluded that Duda was and still is one of the women’s soccer developer in Rio Grande do Sul, and that her representation as a soccer player influenced the careers of many athletes and despite the obstacles and adversities faced, her sporting career is recognized on the national scene.
4

ASMENŲ PO KOJŲ AMPUTACIJOS GYVENIMO KOKYBĖS KAITA DĖL DALYVAVIMO SPORTINĖJE VEIKLOJE / Life change of people with leg amputation and their participation in sports activities

Zajankauskas, Paulius 29 September 2008 (has links)
Darbe atlikta teorinė asmenų po kojų amputacijos gyvenimo kokybės kaita dėl dalyvavimo sportinėje veikloje analizė. Iškelta hipotezė, kad asmenys, patyrę kojų amputacijas, ir dalyvaujantys sportinėje veikloje pasižymi geresne gyvenimo kokybe nei tie, kurie sportinėje veikloje dalyvauja nereguliariai. Anketinės apklausos metodu buvo atliktas tyrimas, kurio tikslas - įvertinti sporto vaidmenį (reikšmę) asmenų patyrusių kojų amputaciją, gyvenimo kokybės kaitai. Atlikta statistinė (aprašomoji koreliacijos ryšio (r) testo) duomenų analizė. Tyrime dalyvavo asmenys patyrę kojų amputaciją šlaunies lygyje, po amputacijos praėjęs laikas ne trumpesnis nei treji metai, užsiimantis sportine veikla nemažiau nei vieneri metai. Empirinėje dalyje nagrinėjama asmenų, patyrusių, kojos amputaciją, gyvenimo kokybės rodiklių raišką, patyrusių kojos amputaciją, dalyvavimo sporte poveikį gyvenimo kokybės kaitai, gyvenimo kokybės rodiklių kaitą priklausomai nuo dalyvavimo sporte intensyvumo. 1. Nustatyta, kad gana didelė lankančių sporto klubus fiziškai neįgaliųjų yra vieniši (19%), turintys mažas pajamas (44%), gyvenantys prastai pritaikytuose būstuose (56%), turintys vidurinį ar spec.vidurinį išsilavinimą(58%), nepakankamai geros sveikatos būklės (19%), nejaučiantys pasitenkinimo gyvenimu (19%) 2. Pastebėtas ryšys tarp dalyvavimo sporto veikloje ir žalingų įpročių paplitimo: aktyviai sportuojantys respondentai mažiau rūko ir suvartoja. 3. Nustatytas teigiamas tiesioginis ryšys tarp dalyvavimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The work presents theoretical analysis of life change of people with leg amputation and their participation in sports activities. The hypothesis shows that people who faced leg amputation and take part in sports activities have a better quality of life than those, who sport not regularly. Due to the method of questionnaire, a research was done and its purpose was to evaluate the role of sport in the life of people with leg amputation. Also, there is a statistical analysis of data. The research included people who faced the leg amputation in the level of a thigh. The period after amputation was not less than 3 years, and the person had to be involved in sports not less than 1 year. The empiric approach reveals the index of the life quality of people with leg amputation, it also shows the role of sports for the quality of life, the changes in life quality due to the intensity of sports activities. 1. It was stated that the biggest part of disabled people taking part in sports activities are lonely (19%) have small income (44%) live in poor conditions (56%) poor health (19%) don’t have satisfaction of life (19%) 2. The relation between participation in sports activities and harmful habits was also noticed. Those who sport actively smoke and use less. 3. The direct relation between taking part in sport and health and quality of life was also revealed. It comes that sport enables to have better health, which is one of main indexes of better life quality. People, who took part in... [to full text]
5

Futebol e mulheres no Rio Grande do Sul : a trajetória esportiva de Eduarda Marranghello Luizelli (Duda)

Ramos, Suellen dos Santos January 2016 (has links)
Essa dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória esportiva de Eduarda Marranghello Luizelli (Duda) como jogadora de futebol e como dirigente atuando na formação de atletas. Para tanto está fundamentada em marcos teóricos relacionados à participação das mulheres no esporte, mais especificamente no futebol considerando narrativas biográficas. A metodologia utilizada tem um viés qualitativo com fundamentação teórica e metodológica na Historia Oral, utilizada como procedimento para a produção de fontes, tendo como foco a História de Vida. Foram realizadas 16 entrevistas com pessoas que mantém relação com a trajetória da Duda como familiares, ex-jogadoras de futebol e profissionais que atuam na escolinha esportiva que dirige. Estas entrevistas foram cotejadas com outros documentos, muitos deles integrantes do acervo pessoal da própria Duda e desse diálogo emergiram dois capítulos intitulados: Primeiro tempo: Duda jogadora e Segundo tempo: Duda dirigente. O primeiro eixo temático discute como se deu a inserção de Duda na modalidade e como consolidou sua trajetória como jogadora de futebol. O segundo eixo temático diz respeito a sua atuação como dirigente de uma escolinha de futebol. A partir das análises percebeu-se que o apoio familiar foi determinante para sua permanência e continuidade na modalidade, assim como, auxiliou ao longo de toda sua trajetória esportiva. Foi possível verificar que suas experiências no futebol italiano e na seleção brasileira, além de proporcionar momentos de realização, foram marcadas por dificuldades e frustrações. Observouse que sua trajetória no Sport Club Internacional foi permeada de lutas e vitórias em prol do esporte destacando Duda como referência da modalidade. Também foi possível observar que Duda transformou seu nome em uma marca através de sua Escola e consolidou sua representatividade na modalidade como formadora de atletas. Algumas tensões foram evidenciadas no que diz respeito ao gerenciamento esportivo por parte das mulheres, especificamente na ausência das mesmas em cargos de liderança. Conclui-se que Duda foi e ainda é uma das fomentadoras da modalidade no Rio Grande do Sul, sua representatividade como jogadora de futebol influenciou na carreira de muitas atletas e apesar dos obstáculos e das adversidades enfrentadas, sua trajetória esportiva é reconhecida no cenário nacional. / This thesis aims to analyze the sporting career of Eduarda Marranghello Luizelli (Duda) as a soccer player and as a director working in the training of athletes. The study is based on theoretical frameworks related to women's participation in sport, specifically in soccer considering biographical narratives. The methodology has a qualitative bias with theoretical and methodological foundation in Oral History, used as a procedure for the production of sources, focusing on the history of life. It was conducted 16 interviews with people who maintain a relationship with the Duda’s life trajectory as family members, former players and soccer professionals working in the soccer schools that she runs. These interviews were collated with other documents, many of them part of Duda’s personal collection, and this dialogue emerged two chapters entitled: First time: Duda player and second time: Duda director. The first main theme discusses how was Duda’s inclusion in the sport and how consolidated her career as a soccer player. The second main theme relates to Duda’s role as a director of a soccer school. From the analysis it was realized that family support was the key to the permanence and continuity in the sport, as well as helped throughout her sporting career. It was possible to verify that her experiences in Italian soccer and the Brazilian national team, not only provided realization of moments, but also they were marked by difficulties and frustrations. It was observed that Duda’s career in the Sport Club International was fraught with struggles and victories for the sport as highlighting her name as a women’s soccer reference. It was also noted that Duda turned her name into a brand through her schools and consolidated her representation in the sport as a trainer of athletes. Some tensions were evident with regard to sports managed by women, especially in the absence of females in leadership positions. It is concluded that Duda was and still is one of the women’s soccer developer in Rio Grande do Sul, and that her representation as a soccer player influenced the careers of many athletes and despite the obstacles and adversities faced, her sporting career is recognized on the national scene.
6

Futebol e mulheres no Rio Grande do Sul : a trajetória esportiva de Eduarda Marranghello Luizelli (Duda)

Ramos, Suellen dos Santos January 2016 (has links)
Essa dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória esportiva de Eduarda Marranghello Luizelli (Duda) como jogadora de futebol e como dirigente atuando na formação de atletas. Para tanto está fundamentada em marcos teóricos relacionados à participação das mulheres no esporte, mais especificamente no futebol considerando narrativas biográficas. A metodologia utilizada tem um viés qualitativo com fundamentação teórica e metodológica na Historia Oral, utilizada como procedimento para a produção de fontes, tendo como foco a História de Vida. Foram realizadas 16 entrevistas com pessoas que mantém relação com a trajetória da Duda como familiares, ex-jogadoras de futebol e profissionais que atuam na escolinha esportiva que dirige. Estas entrevistas foram cotejadas com outros documentos, muitos deles integrantes do acervo pessoal da própria Duda e desse diálogo emergiram dois capítulos intitulados: Primeiro tempo: Duda jogadora e Segundo tempo: Duda dirigente. O primeiro eixo temático discute como se deu a inserção de Duda na modalidade e como consolidou sua trajetória como jogadora de futebol. O segundo eixo temático diz respeito a sua atuação como dirigente de uma escolinha de futebol. A partir das análises percebeu-se que o apoio familiar foi determinante para sua permanência e continuidade na modalidade, assim como, auxiliou ao longo de toda sua trajetória esportiva. Foi possível verificar que suas experiências no futebol italiano e na seleção brasileira, além de proporcionar momentos de realização, foram marcadas por dificuldades e frustrações. Observouse que sua trajetória no Sport Club Internacional foi permeada de lutas e vitórias em prol do esporte destacando Duda como referência da modalidade. Também foi possível observar que Duda transformou seu nome em uma marca através de sua Escola e consolidou sua representatividade na modalidade como formadora de atletas. Algumas tensões foram evidenciadas no que diz respeito ao gerenciamento esportivo por parte das mulheres, especificamente na ausência das mesmas em cargos de liderança. Conclui-se que Duda foi e ainda é uma das fomentadoras da modalidade no Rio Grande do Sul, sua representatividade como jogadora de futebol influenciou na carreira de muitas atletas e apesar dos obstáculos e das adversidades enfrentadas, sua trajetória esportiva é reconhecida no cenário nacional. / This thesis aims to analyze the sporting career of Eduarda Marranghello Luizelli (Duda) as a soccer player and as a director working in the training of athletes. The study is based on theoretical frameworks related to women's participation in sport, specifically in soccer considering biographical narratives. The methodology has a qualitative bias with theoretical and methodological foundation in Oral History, used as a procedure for the production of sources, focusing on the history of life. It was conducted 16 interviews with people who maintain a relationship with the Duda’s life trajectory as family members, former players and soccer professionals working in the soccer schools that she runs. These interviews were collated with other documents, many of them part of Duda’s personal collection, and this dialogue emerged two chapters entitled: First time: Duda player and second time: Duda director. The first main theme discusses how was Duda’s inclusion in the sport and how consolidated her career as a soccer player. The second main theme relates to Duda’s role as a director of a soccer school. From the analysis it was realized that family support was the key to the permanence and continuity in the sport, as well as helped throughout her sporting career. It was possible to verify that her experiences in Italian soccer and the Brazilian national team, not only provided realization of moments, but also they were marked by difficulties and frustrations. It was observed that Duda’s career in the Sport Club International was fraught with struggles and victories for the sport as highlighting her name as a women’s soccer reference. It was also noted that Duda turned her name into a brand through her schools and consolidated her representation in the sport as a trainer of athletes. Some tensions were evident with regard to sports managed by women, especially in the absence of females in leadership positions. It is concluded that Duda was and still is one of the women’s soccer developer in Rio Grande do Sul, and that her representation as a soccer player influenced the careers of many athletes and despite the obstacles and adversities faced, her sporting career is recognized on the national scene.
7

Att drabbas av bröstcancer : Kvinnans erfarenheter - En studie av självbiografier / To suffer from breast cancer : Woman's experience - A study of autobiographies

Karlsson, Frida, Zahirovic Bana, Melissa January 2019 (has links)
Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste förekommande cancerformen hos kvinnor i Sverige. Delaktighet upplevs som en central del för att sjuksköterskan ska kunna erbjuda en personcentrerad vård som främjar hälsa och lindrar lidande och detta är av vikt då bröstcancerbehandlingen medför negativa konsekvenser på det fysiska och psykiska måendet. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att belysa kvinnors erfarenhet av att drabbas av bröstcancer. Metod: En kvalitativ innehållsanalys har använts. Sex självbiografier har analyserats. Resultat: Emotionella processer i form av rädsla, oro och sorg skapas vid en bröstcancerdiagnos. Kvinnorna tvingas leva i ovisshet och de upplever att det är viktigt att erbjudas delaktighet och information. Det fysiska yttre påverkas. En acceptans skapas för att acceptera sin cancer och dess konsekvenser. Vid friskförklaring kommer alltid en rädsla för återfall att vara närvarande. Diskussion: Det är av vikt att sjuksköterskan är medveten om de förändring som förekommer och påverkar kvinnans livssammanhang samt det fysiska och psykiska måendet. Är sjuksköterskan medveten om dessa aspekter ökar det möjligheten till en personcentrerad vård. Konklusion: Att drabbas av bröstcancer är en livsomvälvande erfarenhet. Sjuksköterskan kan erbjuda den bröstcancerdrabbade kvinnan delaktighet och finnas som stöd genom att erbjuda en trygg och personcentrerad vård. / Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in Sweden affecting women. Participation is seen as a key element for the nurse to be able to offer a person-centered care that promotes health and relieves suffering which is important in breast cancer treatment because of its negative consequences for the physical and mental health. Aim: The aim of this study is to highlight women’s experience of breast cancer. Method: A qualitative content analysis has been used. Six autobiographies have been analyzed. Result: Emotional processes such as fear, worry and sadness are created by a breast cancer diagnosis. Women are forced to live in uncertainty. They feel that it is important to be offered participation and information. The physical appearance is affected. Acceptance is created to accept breast cancer and its consequences. When declared healthy, a fear of relapse will always be present. Discussion: It is important that the nurse is aware of the changes that occur and affect the woman's life context as well as the physical and mental feelings. If the nurse is aware of these aspects, it increases the possibility of a person-centered care. Conclusion: Suffering from breast cancer is a life-changing experience. The nurse can offer the breast cancer-affected woman participation and be supportive by providing safe and person-centered care.
8

Life's Simple 7 and Global- and Domain-Specific Cognitive Function in an Older Adult Population

Lopez, Kyra Elise 23 July 2021 (has links)
The American Heart Association Life's Simple 7 (LS7), a metric that classifies cardiovascular health using modifiable risk factors, has been reported to be associated with cognitive function. However, the assessment of cognitive function in prior studies has been limited to relatively crude global measures. We hypothesized that greater LS7 scores at baseline are associated with less cognitive decline and lower incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's. Using data from the core Health and Retirement Study survey (2012-2018), 2013 Health Care and Nutrition Questionnaire and enhanced face-to-face interviews we will evaluate cognitive scores in relation to LS7. The participants included in this analysis (n = 2,753) are greater than 50 years of age without dementia. A global cognitive score was calculated using the combination scores on multiple cognitive tests that include measurements of semantic memory, quantitative reasoning, episodic memory, and executive functioning. Changes in cognitive scores are evaluated based on marginal effects after adjustments for confounding variables. Baseline LS7 scores (0-14) were calculated using information on smoking habits, body mass index, habitual diet, blood pressure, non, physical activity, and hemoglobin a1c. Results were analyzed using linear mixed models fit with random intercepts and the use of Huber-White variance estimates to analyze the results. Knots were introduced to explain non-linear change in respondents. Global cognitive scores in all respondents decreased more between baseline to year two and year two to year four than year four to year six (ΔB-2: -2.796, Δ2-4: -3.362 v. Δ4-6: -1.191). A one unit increase in LS7 score presented a protective effect and slowed the rate of decline by 0.11 unit in global cognitive scores between baseline and year two. The protective effect was lower between year two and four (0.07 units) and non-significant between year four and six. Black respondents did not respond similarly in models than white respondents. A one unit increase in LS7 score increased the rate of decline from baseline to year two and year two to year 4 in black respondents (p<0.001, p<0.05). LS7 scores had no significant interaction with global cognitive scores between year 2 and 6. Serial 7 scores did not significantly change over time in any of the racial categories. A unit increase in LS7 scores showed a marginal protective effect on memory scores from year two to four in all respondents (r=0.03, p<0.001). In white respondents, higher LS7 scores had a protective effect on memory scores (r=0.01, p<0.05). The probability of developing dementia or Alzheimer's over the study period was the highest for males (P = 3.6%) than females (P = 3.3%) and lowest for white, females (P=13%) and highest for black, males (P=15%). Having higher LS7 scores at baseline is associated lower cognitive decline over a 6-year period in white, older adults. LS7 scores at baseline delayed word recall/memory scores over time but not serial 7/executive functioning scores. LS7 scores at baseline are not associated with lower incidence of cognitive impairment and dementia. Findings suggest better habits formed earlier in life have a better protective effect than late-life habits / Master of Science / The United States is dealing with a rapidly aging population. By the year 2035, there is expected to be more adults over the age of 65 than children. As the number of older adults increases as will the number of new and existing cases of Alzheimer's and other dementias. The burden of older adults with Alzheimer's and dementia strains the U.S. healthcare system therefore new research is emerging on interventions used to slow the onset of this life-altering disease before critical and expensive care is required. One method that has been effective is modifying lifestyle behaviors. In 2010 the American Heart Association classified the Life's Simple 7 (LS7) metrics which involved both behavioral and biological measures for cardiovascular risk assessment in Americans. The LS7 metrics include smoking behaviors, physical activity, diet, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose. The American Heart Association's LS7 metric adherence during early and mid-life has been shown to decrease risk for Alzheimer's and dementia, however, research of adherence in late-life is limited. Preventing late-life onset of dementia is vital to older adults therefore this study aims to observe late-life adherence LS7 and change in cognitive functioning over a 6-year period (2012-2018). Participants included in this study are from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) that are 50 years and older without diagnoses of dementia or Alzheimer's at the time of baseline measurement in 2012. Late-life adherence to Life's Simple 7 metrics are associated with slower rates of cognitive decline in white respondents. The Life's Simple 7 metric is not significantly associated lower cases of dementia and is associated slower rates of decline in memory but not executive functioning. This study aimed to expand evidence for racial differences on global cognitive changes and domain-specific cognitive measurements and the effect Life's Simple Seven scores have on that relationship.
9

A historical background of Trinidad and Panorama competitions with an analysis of Ray Holman's 1989 Panorama arrangement of "Life's Too Short".

Remy, Jeannine Irene January 1991 (has links)
This document is directed toward those who have little knowledge about Trinidad, its people, the Carnival activities, and the Panorama competition. This research work should help summarize the evolution of steel drums while providing a transcription of a Panorama score for further scholarly study. The first part of this lecture document includes a brief history and evolution of Trinidad, its people, and musical developments through Carnival. The second portion reports and discusses field research with the Trintoc Invaders in preparation for the 1989 and 1990 Panorama competitions. The third part is a detailed analysis of Ray Holman's Panorama arrangement of "Life's Too Short" for the Trintoc Invaders using theme and variation as the formal structure. Information for this lecture recital document was gathered from written sources in Trinidadian libraries and field work in the Trintoc Invader's pan yard. The source materials: newspaper articles, magazine articles, and books were gathered from the University of the West Indies in St. Augustine and from the West Indian Collection of the Central Library in Belmont. In addition to these materials, interviews were conducted with some older panmen who participated in the very first steel bands. Documents, such as lists of steel bands in Trinidad and Tobago, Panorama results, and judging procedures were obtained from the Pan Trinbago headquarters in Port-of-Spain. Musical information was gathered by rehearsing and playing tenor pan with the Invaders Steel Band Orchestra located in Woodbrook and working closely with their arranger and composer, Ray Holman. Permission was granted to notate his arrangement for analysis and all rights are reserved.
10

Da Fartura à Escassez: a agroindústria de celulose e o fim dos territórios comunais no extremo norte do Espirito Santo / From plenty to scarcity: the pulp\'s agrarian-industry and the end of customers territories in the Espírito Santo\'s border north

Ferreira, Simone Raquel Batista 28 May 2002 (has links)
Até meados do século XX, a região fronteiriça entre o Espírito Santo e a Bahia era predominantemente ocupada por comunidades camponesas, caboclas, pescadoras e quilombolas que tiravam seu sustento do uso extrativista do meio natural. Aqui, a rica floresta tropical atlântica, agrupando mata densa nos terrenos sedimentares terciários e áreas alagadiças nas planícies de inundação dos rios, apresentava a fartura suficiente para suprir estas comunidades de água, peixe, carne, frutos, madeira, ervas e raízes medicinais. A fartura estendia-se à terra: no \"sertão\" de Itaúnas, a \"terra era a rola\" e apropriada pelas posses que passavam de pai para filho. Esta situação favorecia o uso comunal dos recursos oferecidos pela floresta e assim concretizava o território das comunidades. A partir da década de 1950, as áreas da floresta passam a adquirir valor comercial. O crescimento urbano-industrial do centro-sul do país tem fome de madeira, que começa a ser saciada pela exuberância da Mata Atlântica do norte capixaba. Em meados da década de 1970, as terras que ainda apresentavam exemplares da floresta concentravam-se no município litorâneo de Conceição da Barra e, a partir de então, passam a ser inseridas no projeto estatal de plantio de eucalipto para produção de celulose do II Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento (1974). A implantação das monoculturas da Aracruz Celulose nesta região a partir de 1974 traz a transformação no uso da terra, incentivada e legitimada pelo Estado através de legislações específicas, e impõe uma nova lógica de apropriação do espaço, ditada pela propriedade privada, pelo uso restrito, pela acumulação e pelo lucro. Junto dela, o manejo extremamente impactante, com o plantio em nascentes e zonas de recarga hídrica, a retirada de matas ciliares, a exploração da areia e argila encontradas no fundo das antigas lagoas e agora utilizadas na manutenção das estradas, a capina e o controle químico de pragas com elevadas doses de agrotóxicos e herbicidas. Danificando o meio natural, a nova situação passa a desestruturar o modo de vida das comunidades locais, outrora estruturado numa forma de manejo que mantinha os ciclos reprodutivos da vida. A investigação destas histórias de vida tomou corpo coletivo no Movimento Alerta contra o Deserto Verde, formado por entidades e ONG’s do Espírito Santo e sul da Bahia em meados de 1999 e que tem como prática o questionamento político do projeto celulósico aí implantado. O Deserto Verde vem estimulando a discussão dos problemas trazidos pela agroindústria de celulose às comunidades locais e tem contribuído com algumas conquistas, como a lei estadual que determina o zoneamento agroecológico do Espírito Santo e outras recentes leis municipais que proíbem o plantio do eucalipto para a produção de celulose. / In the beginning twenty century, the frontier\'s region between Espírito Santo and Bahia was taken of peasants, natives, fishermen and antique slaves communities that took your maintenance from the use of natural environment. Here, the fruitful tropical forest, counting compact wood in the sedimentaries soils and inundate zones in the flood\'s plains of rivers, had the sufficient abundance to provide these communities with water, fish, meat, fruits, wood, herbs and medicinal roots. The plenty extended to land: in the Itaúnas hinterland, the \"land was glutted\" and suitable by hereditaries tenures. This situation fomented the customary use of resorts presented to forest and then make concrete the communities territories. Since 1950, the forest\'s zones start to acquire commercial value. The profuse Mata Atlântica of Espírito Santo\'s north was used in the urbane-industrial increase of centre-south\'s country. In the middle of 1970, the lands of still had forest\'s exemplars group was in the coast town of Conceição da Barra. Then, this lands was inserteds in the Brazilian\'s project of eucalyptus\' plantation to pulp\'s production of II Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento de 1974 (National Environment Plane). The monocultures consolidation of Aracruz Celulose since 1974 produce the transformation in the land\'s use, incentived and legitimised to Brazilian country through of specifies laws, and impose a new logic of space’s appropriation, dictated for private propriety, restricted use, accumulation and profit. The destroyed management, with the plantation in the sources, the retreat of vegetation around the rivers, the exploration of sand and clay placed in the olds lake’s bottom and in this moment utilised in the roads\' maintenance, the clearing woodland and the chemical\'s control of pests with large parts of poisons. The new situation damage the natural environment, and change the life\'s mode of local communities, formerly structured in the management that sustained the life\'s reproductives cycles. The participant search\'s character in the investigation of these life\'s histories increased collectively of the Movimento Alerta contra o Deserto Verde (Alert against Green Wilderness Movement), established for entities and ONG\'s of Espírito Santo and Bahia\'s south in the middle of 1999. This movement quarrels the project of eucalyptus pulp\'s production there consolidated, encourage the discussion of the problems produced for pulp agrarian-industry to local communities and had contributed with some conquests like the state law that determine the agrarian-ecological plan of Espírito Santo and others municipal laws that prohibit the eucalyptus plantation to pulp\'s production.

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