The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Child Life Style Scale (CLSS) and clarify the underlying dimensions of the scale. Dr. Kathleen Stiles designed the 90 item CLSS to quantitatively identify life style typologies for children between eight and twelve. This questionnaire consisted of 6 scales based on Adlerian constructs of personality. They are pleasing, getting, controlling, rebelling, inadequacy, and socially useful. Ten items were deleted after an inter-judge reliability/validity study. The 80 item CLSS was administered to 314 third, fourth, and fifth graders in public and private schools in Dallas, Texas. Internal consistency coefficients for the six subscales ranged from .72 to .76 and test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from .70 to .80 (p < .001). Results from a factor analysis confirmed the original six scales but factors five and six were not strong. Exploratory factor analysis found four clear factors with internal consistency coefficients ranging from .76 to .84 and test-retest reliability coefficients ranging from .73 to .83 (p < .001). Underlying dimensions of the factors, which reflect Alfred Adler's four typologies exactly, were: Factor 1: Rebelliousness Factor 2: Social Usefulness Factor 3: Control Factor 4: Fear of Failure. Results of analysis of variance indicated that age and socioeconomics made significant differences while gender and place in the family were not as significant. This study showed the revised 64 item version of the CLSS reflects Adler's tenets exactly, and has a more concise format with better reliability and validity. The CLSS is a solid questionnaire worth being further investigated for use in schools and therapy.

This diploma thesis examines the impact of nutrition as a vital variable for human health and analyses risk factors involved in unhealthy diet. When incorporated into framework of general principals and broader social context, it is focused on an age group of adults. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part outlines the term nutrition, describes functions of different components of nutrition and energy balance in organism. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with methods of assessment of nutritional status, description of diet recommendations and evaluation of risks to the health, which can be caused by diet. The practical segment focuses on establishment of dietary habits and spread of knowledge about benefits of healthy and costs of unhealthy nutrition among students attending selected school in Čelákovice. By the use of survey then followed by comparison of surveyed data, this thesis finds insufficient degree of dietary knowledge amongst students of all three fields of study - Graduate pharmaceutical assistant, Graduate social worker and Pre-school and After-school Education. The survey has shown that students have a ground work of theory regarding nutrition and risks regarding unhealthy diet, yet it does not correspond to adherence to healthy diet in...

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20557号 / 理博第4315号 / 新制||理||1620(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 友永 雅己, 准教授 後藤 幸織, 教授 平井 啓久 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Denna studie undersöker fenomenet livsstilsmigration från stad till landsbygd i Sverige. Studien knyter samman tidigare forskning inom området kontraurbanisering och livsstilsmigration med särskilt fokus på Sverige. Vidare dras nytta av sociologiska teorier kring senmodernitet, livsstil, kapitalformer, stress och stresshantering samt teori kring rummet. Studien utnyttjar den hermeneutiska ansatsen för att svara på frågeställningen vilka motiv leder till att individer flyttar från stora städer till landsbygd. Studiens empiriska material består av fem djupintervjuer med individer som under senaste decenniet har flyttat från en storstad till en landsbygd. Avsikten med djupintervjuer var att förstå varför och hur individer fattar ett beslut om att flytta från en storstad till landsbygd, det vill säga vilka individuella och omgivande faktorer som hade betydelse för deras beslut. Studien syftar även på att få en detaljerad förklaring kring hur dessa individer upplever den moderna staden samt hur de upplever dagens landsbygd. Klyftan i individernas upplevelse av stadslivet som konnoteras med bl.a. överdriven konsumtion, högt tempo, ensamhet och otrygghet och upplevelse av lantlivet som kopplas ihop med bl.a. natur, frihet, äkthet och lugnet, beskriver anledningar till besluten av att välja landsbygd som en plats där man kan leva ett bättre, fylligare liv.

Bakgrund: En livsstil har en stor inverkan på patienters hälsa. Motiverande samtal är ett sätt att hjälpa patienter med livsstilsförändringar i vården. När sjuksköterskor är lojala till motiverande samtal kommer det att gynna patienter och medföra positiva livsstilförändringar.Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att undersöka hur sjuksköterskor använder motiverande samtal i möten med patienter som vill förändra sina livsstilar.Metod: Tio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvantitativ ansats söktes och analyserades med hjälp av ett egenkonstruerat flödesschema för att svara på syftet.Resultat: Tre teman och ett tillhörande undertema identifierades från de utvalda studierna: sjuksköterskors användning av motiverande samtal i vården, patienters påverkan av hur sjuksköterskor använder motiverande samtal (undertema), utmaningar som hindrar sjuksköterskors användning av motiverande samtal och möjligheter som underlättar för sjuksköterskors användning av motiverande samtal.Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor använder motiverande samtal endast till viss del på grund av utmaningar som hindrar dem från att bli lojala till motiverande samtal. På det sättet kan inte patienter gynnas i deras livsstilsförändringar. / Background: A life style has a big impact on patients’ health. Motivational Interviewing is a way to help patients with life style changes in health care. When nurses have fidelity to Motivational Interviewing, patients will benefit from this in their life style changes positively.Aim of study: The aim of this literature review is to examine how nurses use Motivational Interviewing when consulting patients who wish to change their life styles.Method: Ten scientific articles with a quantitative approach were searched for and analysed using a self-designed flow chart to answer the purpose with.Results: Three themes and an attached subtheme were identified from the chosen studies: nurses’ use of Motivational Interviewing in health care, how patients are impacted by nurses’ use of Motivational Interviewing, challenges which prevent nurses’ use of Motivational Interviewing, and possibilities which facilitate nurses’ use of Motivational Interviewing.Conclusion: Nurses user Motivational Interviewing to some extent because of challenges which prevent them from fidelity to Motivational Interviewing. Due to that, patients cannot benefit in their life style changes.

Bakgrund: Livsstilsförändringar kombinerat med medicinsk stöd utgör grundläggande element i behandlingen av typ-2 diabetes. Varje individ är unik, vilket innebär att anpassningen av livsstilsförändringar vid  typ-2 diabetes kan skilja sig åt från person till person på grund av deras individuella behov och utmaningar. Diabetes är en av de vanligaste folksjukdomarna och har en betydande påverkan på utvecklingen av konsekvenser, vilka kan leda till allvarliga utfall, och det har även en betydande inverkan på människors ekonomiska, sociala och psykiska välbefinnande. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienternas upplevelse av livsstilsförändringar vid typ -2 diabetes. Metod: Denna litteraturöversikt baserades på elva ursprungliga artiklar, alla utförda med kvalitativ metod och hämtade från databaserna Cinahl Complete och PubMed, vilka sedan inkluderades i resultaten. Dataanalysen grundade sig på Fribergs metodologiska beskrivning (Friberg, 2022). Resultat: Resultatet var indelat i fyra teman. Upplevelser i samband med diagnos och livsstilsförändringar, Upplevelser av kostförändringar, Upplevelser av fysisk aktivitet, Upplevelser av kunskap och motivation vid livsstilsförändringar. Efter att ha fått diagnosen typ-2 diabetes delade deltagarna i studien med sig av både positiva och negativa känslor samt erfarenheter relaterade till livsstilsförändringar. Å ena sidan upplevde de det som en utmaning att genomföra dessa förändringar, men å andra sidan fann de motivation i medvetenheten om de potentiellt allvarliga konsekvenser som sjukdomen kan medföra vid utebliven behandling. Slutsats: Deltagarna framhöll betydelsen av att få stöd från sjukvårdspersonalen för att känna sig motiverade och redo att genomföra livsstilsförändringarna. Den ansvariga sjuksköterskan bör säkerställa att patienterna erhåller det stöd och den individuellt anpassade utbildningen om egenvård vid typ-2 diabetes som behövs, eftersom patienterna själva bär en stor del av ansvaret för att förbättra sitt hälsotillstånd. / Background: Lifestyle changes combined with medical support are essential elements in the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Each individual is unique, which means that the adaptation of lifestyle  changes in type-2 diabetes may vary from person to person due to their individual needs and challenges. Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases and has a significant impact on the development of consequences, which can lead to serious outcomes, and it also has a significant impact on people´s economic, social, and mental well-being. Aim: The purpose was to describe patients' experience of lifestyle changes  in type-2 diabetes. Method: This literature review was based on eleven original articles, all conducted with a qualitative method and retrieved from the databases Cinahl Complete and PubMed, which were then included in the results. The data analysis was based on Friberg´s methodological description (Friberg, 2022). Results: The result was divided into four themes. Experiences related to diagnosis and lifestyle changes, experiences of dietary changes, experiences of physical activity, experiences of knowledge and motivation in lifestyle changes. After receiving the diagnosis of type-2 diabetes, the participants in the study shared both positive and negative emotions and experiences related to lifestyle changes. On the hand, they experienced it as a challenge to implement these changes, but on the other hand, they found motivation in the awareness of the potentially serious consequences that the disease can have if left untreated. Conclusions: The participants emphasized the importance of receiving support from healthcare professionals to feel motivated and ready to implement lifestyle changes. The responsible nurse should ensure that patients receive the support and individually tailored education on the self-care for type-2 diabetes that is needed, as patients themselves bear a significant responsibility for improving their health condition.

The possibility of a relationship between Adlerian life style, as measured by the Life Style Personality Inventory (LSPI), and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was examined by this research. The goal of this study was to clarify the relationship between these instruments to broaden the applicability of both instruments for both research and clinical endeavors. Life style is a concept which is vital to therapeutic intervention from an Adlerian frame of reference. Assessment of life style typically involves lengthy therapist interviews. Both the LSPI and the MBTI are questionnaires designed to measure personality variables. The 117 subjects for this study were solicited from individuals seeking counseling from an urban community counseling center. The individuals served by this agency are primarily those diagnosed with Adjustment Disorders. The LSPI and the MBTI were administered individually to each subject. Means and standard deviations were computed for the seven LSPI themes and the MBTI total. Due to a lack of research support for Theme 4 by the LSPI author, the data for this theme were disregarded. The same research indicated a strong bipolar relationship for Themes 7 and 8 (Displaying Inadequacy and Social Interest), which prompted the inclusion of Theme 8 in subsequent data analysis. A correlation analysis was developed. Using the correlation matrix, a factor analysis program was run using the SPSS-X statistical package. The principal components analysis extracted three factors which were refined by a factor rotation using the varimax rotation option. To clarify Factor 3, further analysis was performed with the MBTI data divided by continuum and a second factor analysis was run. Four factors emerged from the data with Factors 1 and 2 remaining unchanged. Factor 1 (Emotional Focusing) and Factor 2 (Confrontation) were loaded with the LSPI themes. Factor 3 (Temperament) and Factor 4 (External-Internal) were loaded with the MBTI scores. This study found that no apparent relationship exists between the variables measured by the LSPI and the MBTI. Questions were raised regarding the descriptive versus pathology-assessing nature of the themes on LSPI. Further research is suggested to define the focus of this instrument.

Diploma thesis How media helped to create life-style of Czechoslovakian people deals with life in socialistic Czechoslovakia in two chosen newspaper perspective. Diploma thesis examines how in Lidová demokracie (published all over the republic) and Pochodeň (published in region of east Bohemia) informed about life-style, what a reader could know from their articles. Life-style is a wide topic, that is why we have chosen just these areas: flat building, culture of building concerning flat lay-out, furniture, textiles and decorations, next leisure time activities focused mainly on recreation represented by mass union recreation, pioneer camp, "cottaging" and camping. Last area is fashion as an integral part of life-style. Fashion is aimed at woman's fashion. In socialism, man's fashion was not interesting topic. Those texts we have found are divided also into three groups - news, publicism and advertisements. To category of publicims we included also advices for household, recipes and this kind of texts. In advertisements, we used also consumer's goods you can use at home or during your holidays (kitchen machines, televisors, tents etc.). We were interested not only in exact topics that we could find in above spoken areas, but also in regional aspect and its demonstration in Pochodeň and also who exactly the...

The thesis concentrates mainly on mapping of specific term "Life style" and compares its conceptions with classical theory of style with respect to period context. The authors who participated in development of the term "Life style" in a Czech aesthetics are introduced in the thesis: Karel Honzík, Oldřich Stefan, Ladislav Žák and mainly Bohuslav Brouk, who was engaged in the topic the most by far. The aim of the thesis is to analyze and understand specific and original interpretation of style proclaimed by Bohuslav Brouk and his peers and followers. The second aim is to do a subsequent research of the status of the aesthetic function in the theory of "Life style". Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Esta dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo principal estabelecer os perfis de ocorrência de estresse e mortalidade de dois diferentes grupos pré-históricos de São Paulo - os construtores do sambaqui fluvial Moraes e do sambaqui litorâneo Piaçaguera - relacionando-os com o estilo de vida e subsistência de cada um desses grupos. O período foco de interesse foi o infantil mesmo que os indivíduos adultos estivessem sendo analisados. Foram considerados para tanto 88 indivíduos de Piaçaguera e 55 de Moraes, todos eles analisados para o estabelecimento do perfil de mortalidade. Já para a análise de hipoplasias foram considerados, respectivamente 28 e 21 indivíduos, que cumpriram os critérios de inclusão definidos para a análise. Como resultado observou-se uma alta mortalidade na infância em ambas as séries, no entanto com diferenças entre os períodos mais afetados. A série de Piaçaguera apresentou maior risco de morrer em períodos mais tardios da infância enquanto que Moraes apresentou maior risco ainda no período neonatal. Já ao se considerar as hipoplasias lineares de esmalte, há uma sinalização no sentido da ocorrência de estresse relativamente contínuo durante toda a fase intermediária da infância em Moraes, que não apresentou picos de ocorrência de defeitos hipoplásicos. Já para Piaçaguera, os dados sugerem a ocorrência de um período de maior ocorrência/susceptibilidade ao estresse, o qual corresponde a um pico de prevalência de defeitos hipoplásicos entre 3 e 4 anos. / This dissertation has as main objective to establish the profiles of occurrence of stress and mortality on two different prehistoric groups from São Paulo State, Brazil - the builders of the riverine shellmound Moraes and the builders of the coastal shellmound Piaçaguera - relating them to the lifestyle and subsistency of each of these groups. The period focus of interest was the childhood, even if the adults were being analyzed. In order to establish the mortality profile were analized 88 individuals from Piaçaguera and 55 individuals from Moraes. For the analysis of hypoplasias were considered, respectively, 28 and 21 individuals which met the inclusion criteria defined for the analysis. There is possible to stabilish that if the child mortality is very high in both series, there are strong differences between the ages periods more affecteds. The Piaçaguera\'s skeletal serie showed a higher risk of dying in later periods of childhood while Moraes had a higher risk in the neonatal period. Considering the data obteined for linear enamel hypoplasia, there is a signal towards the occurrence of stress relatively continuous throughout the intermediate phase of childhood in Moraes. For this sample there are no peaks of occurrence of hypoplastic defects. In contrast, the data produced for Piaçaguera\'s sample suggest the occurrence of a period of higher incidence / susceptibility to stress, which corresponds to a peak prevalence of hypoplastic defects between 3 and 4 years old .