Genetic relationship was analyzed between type traits and longevity measures in dual-purpose cattle. Data from 91 486 Czech Fleckvieh cows first calved between 2003 and 2009 were used. Longevity was defined as the actual number of lactations initiated per cow and also as functional longevity, which incorporated an adjustment to account for variation in voluntary culling based upon milk production. Lifetime performance was defined as cumulative milk production through the 6th parity. All cows were scored for conformation traits during their first lactation. Genetic correlations between these traits and longevity measures were estimated by bivariate analysis using the DMU variance component program package. Type trait heritabilities ranged from 0.30 to 0.59, while heritabilities for longevity and functional longevity were 0.06 and 0.05, respectively. Heritability of lifetime performance was 0.08. Genetic correlations between type traits and longevity measures ranged from low to intermediate values. Genetic correlations of the measured body size traits to the real and functional longevity ranged from ?0.06 to ?0.29, for udder traits from ?0.02 to 0.33, and for foot and leg traits from ?0.03 to 0.17. Genetic correlations between the measured body size traits and lifetime performance ranged from ?0.03 to ?0.30, for udder traits from 0.05 to 0.47, for foot and leg traits from ?0.07 to 0.15. Genetic correlations of composite trait scores for frame, muscularity, feet and legs, and udder with longevity traits ranged from ?0.20 to 0.41 and for lifetime performance ?0.14 to 0.51. The highest genetic correlations between a type trait and functional longevity were for composite udder score (0.25), feet and legs (0.26), and udder depth (0.33), suggesting that these traits could serve as indicators of functional longevity. We conclude that selection based upon easily and inexpensively measured type traits could improve functional longevity of cows as well as lifetime milk production.

O titanato de estrôncio (SrTiO3) é um material de estrutura perovskita que tem sido extensivamente estudado, principalmente no que tange sua propriedade fotoluminescente. Os resultados presentes na literatura mostram que a intensidade fotoluminescente pode depender de muitas variáveis como o estado físico do material, dos precursores utilizados na síntese e da adição de íons dopantes. Apesar dos compostos de estrutura perovskita e em especial do composto SrTiO3 ter sido muito bem estudado no que tange sua propriedade fotoluminescente, ao nosso conhecimento, o efeito da pureza da água utilizada e da adição do alumínio em substituição ao titânio sobre esta propriedade ainda não foi estudada. Para atingir este objetivo, amostras de composição SrTi1-xAlxO3 com x variando de 0.005, 0.01, 0.03 e 0.05 foram preparadas através do método dos precursores poliméricos modificado. As amostras foram caracterizadas por análise térmica, difração de raios X (XRD), espectroscopia Raman, espectroscopia de absorção de raios X (XANES), espectroscopia de fotoluminescência (PL) e medidas de tempo de vida. Estudos sobre os efeitos da temperatura e tempo de calcinação, pureza da agua e quantidade de alumínio nas propriedades fotoluminescentes foram realizados. De uma maneira geral, observou-se que o uso da água ultra-pura (Milli-Q) e da adição de 0,5 % em mol de alumínio aumenta a atividade fotoluminescente do material. / Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is a material of perovskite structure that has been extensively studied, mainly with regard to its photoluminescent property. The results in the literature show that the photoluminescent intensity may depend on many variables such as the physical state of the material, the precursors used in the synthesis and the addition of dopant ions. Although the compounds of the perovskite structure and in particular the compound of SrTiO3 have been very well studied with respect to their photoluminescent property, to our knowledge, the effect of the purity of the water used and the addition of the aluminum in substitution for the titanium on this property has not yet been studied. To achieve this goal, samples of SrTi1-xAlxO3 composition with x ranging from 0.005, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 were prepared by the modified polymer precursor method. The samples were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and lifetime measurements. Studies on the effects of temperature and calcination time, water purity and amount of aluminum on the photoluminescent properties were performed. In general, it was observed that the use of high purity (Milli-Q) water and the addition of 0.5 mol% of aluminum improves the photoluminescent activity of the material.

O principal objetivo do estudo foi utilizar informações de ocorrência do Traumatismo Crânio Encefálico (TCE) que possam inferir/gerar descobertas associadas ao risco de gravidade do paciente, bem como auxiliar na tomada de decisão médica ao definir o melhor prognóstico, indicando quais as possíveis medidas que podem ser escolhidas para a gravidade na lesão sofrida pela vítima. Inicialmente, foram analisadas as estatísticas descritivas dos dados dos pacientes de TCE de um hospital do interior de São Paulo. Participaram desse estudo 50 pacientes. Os resultados mostraram que a maior frequência do trauma é por acidentes de trânsito (62%), seguidos de acidentes por queda (24%). Traumas em pacientes do sexo masculino (88%) são muito mais frequentes do que em pacientes do sexo feminino. Para modelagem, transformou-se a variável resposta \"Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)\" em dicotômica, considerando 0 (zero) aos pacientes fora de risco e 1 (um) aos que apresentaram algum tipo de risco. Em seguida, técnicas de aprendizado estatístico foram utilizadas de modo a comparar o desempenho dos classificadores Regressão Logística sendo um caso do Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) e redes probabilísticas Naïve Bayes (NB). O modelo com melhor desempenho (RF) combinou os índices Accuracy (ACC) , Area Under ROC Curve (AUC) , Sensitivity (SEN), Specificity (SPE) e Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), que apresentaram os resultados mais favoráveis no quesito de apoio no auxílio da tomada de decisão médica, possibilitando escolher o estudo clínico mais adequado das vítimas traumatizadas ao considerar o risco de vida do indivíduo. Conforme o modelo selecionado foi possível gerar um ranking para estimar a probabilidade de risco de vida do paciente. Em seguida foi realizado uma comparação de desempenho entre o modelo RF (novo classificador) e os índices Revisited Trauma Score (RTS), Injury Severity Score (ISS) , Índice de Barthel (IB) referente à classificação de risco dos pacientes. / The main objective of this study was to consider the information related to the occurrence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can infer new results associated with the patients risk of severity as well as assisting in the medical decision in order to find the best prognosis; this can lead to indicate possible measures that can be chosen for severity in the injury suffered by the victim. Initially, we have presented descriptive statistics from the patients with TBI from a hospital located in the heartland of São Paulo. Fifty patients were recruited for this study. Descriptive analyzes showed that the highest frequency of trauma is due to traffic accidents (62 %) followed by crashes per accident (24 %). The causes related to trauma occur much more often in male patients (88 %) than in female patients. To order model, the response variable Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) was considered as dichotomous, where 0 (zero) was to out-of-risk patients and 1 (one) to those who presented some type of risk. Further, statistical learning techniques were used in order to compare the performance of the Logistic Regression as a Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB) model. The best performing (RF) model combined the Accuracy (ACC) , Area Under ROC Curve (AUC) , Sensitivity (SEN), Specificity (SPE) e Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), which presented the most favorable results in terms of support in medical decision, making it possible to choose the most appropriate clinical study of traumatized victims based on the individual life risk. According to the selected model it was possible to generate a rank to estimate the probability of life risk of the patient. Then a performance comparison was performed between the RF model (proposed classifier) and the Revisited Trauma Score (RTS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), Barthel index (IB) referring to the risk classification of patients.

Atualmente, o excesso de produção, consumo e descarte de vestuário de moda - e o ritmo acelerado e contínuo como isso acontece - resulta em um impacto socioambiental de proporções consideráveis. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho buscou discutir possíveis requisitos projetuais para o design de vestuário de moda orientados à redução de seu impacto socioambiental, com ênfase no prolongamento da vida útil do vestuário de moda e consequentemente na alteração da dinâmica do ciclo de vida desses produtos. Para tanto, foi necessário compreender e estudar a relação entre o design e a sustentabilidade, identificar os impactos socioambientais do vestuário de moda, elencar os aspectos projetáveis do vestuário de moda que influenciam o consumidor em relação ao produto, e assimilar a opinião do consumidor a respeito da relação entre o vestuário de moda e a sustentabilidade. A partir de uma revisão de literatura e de uma pesquisa exploratória, foi possível inferir que o prolongamento da vida útil do vestuário de moda, ao alterar a dinâmica do ciclo de vida desses produtos, desacelerar o ritmo de sua produção, seu consumo e seu descarte, configurando-se como uma alternativa para a redução de seu impacto socioambiental. / Currently, the excess of production, consumption and disposal of fashion clothing - and the accelerated and continuous rhythm as it happens - results in a social and environmental impact of considerable proportions. This work aimed to discuss possible projectual requirements for the fashion clothing design geared to reducing its social and environmental impact, with emphasis on the lifetime extension of fashion clothing and consequently on change of life cycle dynamics of these products. In order to reach this aim, it was necessary to understand and to study the relation between design and sustainability, to identify the social and environmental impacts of fashion clothing, to list the projectable aspects of fashion clothing that influence the consumer respecting the product, and to assimilate the consumer opinion about fashion clothing and sustainability. From a literature review and an exploratory research, it was possible to infer that the lifetime extension of fashion clothing, in changing the lifecycle dynamics of these products, decelerates the rhythm of its production, its consumption and its disposal, setting up as an alternative for reducing its social and environmental impact.

Neste trabalho apresentamos os primeiros resultados sobre medida do tempo de vida de estados de Rydberg utilizando átomos frios confinados em uma armadilha magneto-optica de 85Rb. Medidas de tempo de vida de estados altamente excitados são importantes para o teste de teorias modernas sobre interação átomo-vácuo; desta forma medidas precisas são necessárias. A utilização de átomos frios apresenta várias vantagens quando comparadas com técnicas convencionais. Entre elas podemos citar a possibilidade de observação do sistema atômico por longos períodos (>100 &#181;s), e o controle da densidade de forma eficiente para evitar a manifestação de efeitos indesejáveis (colisões, superradiância) que limitam a precisão da medida. Apresentamos a medida do tempo de vida do estado 27D e 38S e comparamos os resultados experimentais com previsões teóricas de diferentes modelos. Algumas discrepâncias são observadas, o que reforça a necessidade da obtenção de um conjunto maior de medidas incluindo outros níveis para indicar qual modelo teórico é mais próximo da realidade. / In this work we present our first results on lifetime measurement of Rydberg states using cold atoms held in a magneto-optical trap of 85Rb. Lifetime measurements of highly excited states are important for testing modern theories on atom-vaccum interaction, therefore precise measurements are required. The use of cold atoms presents some advantage when compared with conventional techniques. Among them we cam point out the possibility of atomic observation for long periods of time (<100 &#181;s), the atomic density control in order to avoid undesired effects (such collisions and superradiance) which can limit the measurement precision. We present the lifetime measurement of 27D and 38S states and compared the experimental results with theoretical prediction using different models. Some discrepancies are observed, which indicates the need of a large set of measurement for other states in order to indicate the best model.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Inacio Henrique Yano.pdf: 6983897 bytes, checksum: 8c6efaa78bd069aef49c797811885285 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-19 / Wireless Sensor Networks are networks suitable for data collection in harsh environments, where it would be difficult or costly the deployment of wired infrastructure. In spite of these advantages, such networks often rely on batteries to operate, which may lead to a serious limitation on the networks lifetime. Bearing this in mind, in this dissertation, it is proposed and tested a hybrid polling approach that reduces the number of frames transmitted by the router node. Thus, the router node lifetime can be extended significantly and hence the network lifetime. The proposed technique becomes progressively more advantageous, when compared to classical polling technique, as the number of network nodes increases. The experimental results obtained using a network with four nodes indicate a network lifetime increase of about 32.14%. Importantly, the sensor network lifetime extension increases the economic viability of the technology and thus makes it more accessible to potential users. / Redes de Sensores Sem Fio s?o redes pr?prias para a coleta de dados em ambientes agressivos, de dif?cil acesso ou de alto custo de implanta??o de infraestrutura cabeada. Apesar destas vantagens, tais redes muitas vezes dependem de baterias para funcionar, o que pode acarretar uma s?ria limita??o em seus tempos de opera??o. Em fun??o disso, neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se uma estrat?gia para o prolongamento do tempo de vida de redes de sensores, mediante a aplica??o de uma estrat?gia de polling h?brida que permite reduzir a quantidade de quadros transmitidos pelo n? roteador. Desta forma, pode-se estender significativamente o tempo de vida do n? roteador e, consequentemente, a vida da rede. A t?cnica proposta torna-se progressivamente mais vantajosa, quando comparada a t?cnica de polling cl?ssico, conforme aumenta-se o n?mero de n?s da rede. Os resultados experimentais obtidos com uma rede com quatro n?s indicam uma amplia??o do tempo de vida em cerca 32,14%. ? importante notar que a extens?o do tempo de vida da rede de sensores amplia a viabilidade econ?mica da tecnologia e, portanto, a torna mais access?vel a potenciais usu?rios.

As propriedades fotofísicas dos complexos morin-Mg2+ e morin-Ce3+, foram investigadas em solução metanólica, em filmes finos de polímeros e em nanozéolitas por técnicas de fluorescência. A associação do metal ao flavonoide ocorre no sítio da carbonila do anel pirona nas razões estequiométricas de 1:1 e 1:2 (magnésio: morin), e esta associação favorece no aumento considerável da intensidade de fluorescência devido à inibição da transferência intramolecular do próton no estado excitado. Os resultados revelaram que os espectros de emissão do complexo morin-Mg2+ sofreram um pequeno deslocamento hipsocrômico. Os decaimentos de fluorescência do sistema Morin-Mg2+ são triexponenciais para o complexos Morin-Mg2+ formados com tempo de vida máximo de 3 ns. O complexo morin-Ce3+ é pouco fluorescente e a complexação com o metal leva a supressão de fluorescência devido a sua natureza paramagnética. A estequiometria aparente dominante é de um 1:1 e o decaimento possui um componente de tempo de vida longo de 4-5 ns. Na comparação das propriedades de fluorescência do morin-Mg2+ com o indicador magnesium green verificamos que ambos são bons indicadores fluorescentes para a microscopia de fluorescência podendo esses complexos serem usados na detecção de Mg2+ em nanozeólita e outros sistemas / The photophysical properties of the molecular complexes of morin with Mg2+ and Ce3+ cations in methanol solution as well as in thin polymeric films and nanozeolytes have been investigated by using fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy. The association of morin with Mg2+ occurs at the (4)-carbonyl group of the pyrone ring at 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometric ratio. The complexes have shown an increase of the emission quantum yield by precluding the excited state deactivation though the intramolecular proton transfer process. The fluorescence decays of the complexes are non exponential due to the presence of more than one emission species and the average decay time found was about 3 ns. On the other hand, the addition of Ce3+ to morin solution resulted in fluorescence quenching ascribed to 1:1 non emissive complex due to the paramagnetic nature of the metal cation. The fluorescence properties of morin-Mg2+ complex have been compared with the standard fluorescence indicator magnesium green. The results pointed out that morin-Mg2+ may be used as an alternative low coast indicator of Mg2+ in homogenous as well as in microheterogeneous media.

Retinal hypoxia is associated with many retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy. Current retinal research suggests that retinal hypoxia appears prior to the onset of diabetic retinopathy. The preliminary association of retinal hypoxia to the early stages of diabetic retinopathy is stimulating the development of new technologies to measure the oxygen content of retinal tissue. Frequency domain phosphoresence lifetime imaging (PLI) is a promising technology that enables the mapping of the oxygen content across the entire retina in the form of two-dimensional images. The two-dimensional images generated from the PLI process are a spatial mapping of the retinal tissue's oxygen tension. Currently, the phosphorescent based oxygen tension PLI measurements contain contaminating auto-fluorescent signals in addition to the desired phosphorescent signals. These auto-fluorescent signals artificially inflate the oxygen tension readings due to the nature of fluorescent signals in phosphorescent imaging. Additionally, the maps generated through PLI appear to contain oxygen tension information from both the retinal vasculature and the choroidal vasculature. The choroidal vasculature is situated directly behind the retina and can have a different oxygen tension value than the retinal vasculature. This research enhanced the PLI system by mathematically eliminating the contaminating auto-fluorescent signals and investigated the methods aimed at separating the PO2s of the retinal and choroidal vasculature beds. In addition, the application of the enhanced PLI technology to the investigation of retinal oxygen changes in a rat model of type I diabetes yielded results that suggest a hyperoxic to hypoxic trend prior to the onset of diabetic retinopathy.

O principal objetivo do estudo foi utilizar informações de ocorrência do Traumatismo Crânio Encefálico (TCE) que possam inferir/gerar descobertas associadas ao risco de gravidade do paciente, bem como auxiliar na tomada de decisão médica ao definir o melhor prognóstico, indicando quais as possíveis medidas que podem ser escolhidas para a gravidade na lesão sofrida pela vítima. Inicialmente, foram analisadas as estatísticas descritivas dos dados dos pacientes de TCE de um hospital do interior de São Paulo. Participaram desse estudo 50 pacientes. Os resultados mostraram que a maior frequência do trauma é por acidentes de trânsito (62%), seguidos de acidentes por queda (24%). Traumas em pacientes do sexo masculino (88%) são muito mais frequentes do que em pacientes do sexo feminino. Para modelagem, transformou-se a variável resposta \"Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)\" em dicotômica, considerando 0 (zero) aos pacientes fora de risco e 1 (um) aos que apresentaram algum tipo de risco. Em seguida, técnicas de aprendizado estatístico foram utilizadas de modo a comparar o desempenho dos classificadores Regressão Logística sendo um caso do Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) e redes probabilísticas Naïve Bayes (NB). O modelo com melhor desempenho (RF) combinou os índices Accuracy (ACC) , Area Under ROC Curve (AUC) , Sensitivity (SEN), Specificity (SPE) e Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), que apresentaram os resultados mais favoráveis no quesito de apoio no auxílio da tomada de decisão médica, possibilitando escolher o estudo clínico mais adequado das vítimas traumatizadas ao considerar o risco de vida do indivíduo. Conforme o modelo selecionado foi possível gerar um ranking para estimar a probabilidade de risco de vida do paciente. Em seguida foi realizado uma comparação de desempenho entre o modelo RF (novo classificador) e os índices Revisited Trauma Score (RTS), Injury Severity Score (ISS) , Índice de Barthel (IB) referente à classificação de risco dos pacientes. / The main objective of this study was to consider the information related to the occurrence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can infer new results associated with the patients risk of severity as well as assisting in the medical decision in order to find the best prognosis; this can lead to indicate possible measures that can be chosen for severity in the injury suffered by the victim. Initially, we have presented descriptive statistics from the patients with TBI from a hospital located in the heartland of São Paulo. Fifty patients were recruited for this study. Descriptive analyzes showed that the highest frequency of trauma is due to traffic accidents (62 %) followed by crashes per accident (24 %). The causes related to trauma occur much more often in male patients (88 %) than in female patients. To order model, the response variable Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) was considered as dichotomous, where 0 (zero) was to out-of-risk patients and 1 (one) to those who presented some type of risk. Further, statistical learning techniques were used in order to compare the performance of the Logistic Regression as a Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB) model. The best performing (RF) model combined the Accuracy (ACC) , Area Under ROC Curve (AUC) , Sensitivity (SEN), Specificity (SPE) e Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), which presented the most favorable results in terms of support in medical decision, making it possible to choose the most appropriate clinical study of traumatized victims based on the individual life risk. According to the selected model it was possible to generate a rank to estimate the probability of life risk of the patient. Then a performance comparison was performed between the RF model (proposed classifier) and the Revisited Trauma Score (RTS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), Barthel index (IB) referring to the risk classification of patients.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-08T14:56:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Horst da Silva.pdf: 2337183 bytes, checksum: cf073a3f2f72937932fd761ed33e195a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-08T14:56:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Horst da Silva.pdf: 2337183 bytes, checksum: cf073a3f2f72937932fd761ed33e195a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-24 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo aprofundar a relação existente entre o Customer Equity (CE) e o Shareholder Value (SHV) utilizando como base o modelo teórico desenvolvido no artigo Linking Customer and Financial Metrics to Shareholder Value: The Leverage Effect in Customer- Based Valuation. Os Drivers de Valor Internos e Externos das organizações foram acrescentados ao modelo, de modo a explicar as variações no CE, bem como a alocação dos recursos de marketing foi estudada, de modo a maximizar o retorno dos valores investidos. Como resultados, confirmando o trabalho base, o estudo da alocação das despesas de marketing ressaltou a aquisição de clientes como uma estratégia chave para a maximização do CE e, por consequência, no SHV. As despesas de marketing também apresentaram um elevado impacto negativo no SHV, ressaltando a importância do seu correto gerenciamento para as empresas. Neste ponto, os Drivers de Valor mostraram-se uteis, possibilitando a segmentação e a identificação dos clientes mais valiosos para a empresa. / This dissertation aims to study the relationship between the metrics of Customer Equity (CE) and the Shareholder Value (SHV) using as a basis the theoretical model developed in article Linking Customer and Financial Metrics to Shareholder Value: The Leverage Effect in Customer-Based Valuation. Internal and External Drivers of Value of organizations were added to the model in order to explain variations in the CE as well as the allocation of marketing resources was studied in order to maximize the return on invested amounts. As results, the study of the allocation of marketing expenses underscored customer acquisition as a key strategy for maximizing to CE and, consequently, to SHV. Marketing expenses also showed a high negative impact on SHV, emphasizing the importance of their proper management for the companies. At this point, the Drivers of Value proved useful enabling the segmentation and identification of the most valuable customers for the company.