A novel quantitative measure for predicting the performance of arrays is tested on a few selected wide band arrays. This measure is called the array figure of merit. It is valid for lin-early polarized, infinite planar arrays, which are backed by a perfectly conducting ground plane. It predicts performance of arrays (which are free from grating lobes) in the E- or H-plane. The array figure of merit builds on the low frequency asymptotic expansion of the reflection coefficient and a sumrule of Rozanov type for passive structures. This measuretakes values between zero and one, and estimates array's performance on the basis of four key trade-off parameters:return loss, scan range, array thickness, and bandwidth. Arrays were found that yield values as high as 0.67, thus indicating a high performance array with respect to this measure. The sensitivity of the array figure of merit with respectto scan range is studied. Trade-off between bandwidth andreflection coefficient is investigated with respect to the ar-ray figure of merit. Finally an infinite array of stronglycoupled dipole elements is modeled and simulated. For this array, we test the sum rule based measure and find a veryhigh value for this measure: 0.84 - with 1 as its theoretical upper limit. This measurement reveals some insight into the influence of approximating material properties on the antenna performance measure.

Bakgrund: Venös insufficiens är en kronisk sjukdom som kan orsaka venösa bensår. Livssituationen för patienter med venösa bensår förändras när de tvingas förhålla sig till symtom från såret såsom smärta, klåda, sårvätska och odör, samt till en långvarig läkeprocess med besvärande kompressionsbehandling. Av kliniska riktlinjer framgår att sjuksköterskan skall omhänderta patienten ur ett helhetsperspektiv, men sjuksköterskor har i tidigare studier uppgivit att de saknar nödvändiga kunskaper för att möta personen bakom såret. Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med venösa bensår. Metod: Studien utformades som en kvalitativ litteraturstudie. Resultat: Patienter med venösa bensår kan uppleva skam för rinnande sårvätska, skrymmande bandage och odör. Sårrelaterad smärta leder till fysiska begränsningar, som i kombination med skam, oro och osäkerhet ger patienterna en begränsad tillvaro. Den långa och osäkra läkeprocessen leder till känslor av hopplöshet, sorg och maktlöshet. Slutsats: Begränsningarna som patienterna upplever kan leda till social isolering och nedsatt fysisk aktivitet. Maktlöshet, sorg och hopplöshet kan leda till en sämre hälsa. Ovanstående konsekvenser av den förändrade livssituationen kan i sin tur påverka sårläkningen negativt. Sjuksköterskan kan ge stöd till patienten genom att använda humor, skapa mötesplatser och tillämpa empowermentstrategier. Klinisk betydelse: Patienter kan uppleva ett bättre bemötande när sjuksköterskan har en god förståelse för de besvär som såren orsakar. Förståelsen kan även vara till hjälp när sjuksköterskor planerar stödåtgärder till patientgruppen. / Background: Venous insufficiency is a chronic disease that can cause venous leg ulcers. Living conditions of patients with venous leg ulcers are changed when they need to adapt to wound symptoms such as pain, itching, exudate and odour, as well as a prolonged healing process with disturbing compression therapy. Clinical guidelines show that nurses should have a holistic approach to patient care, but in previous studies nurses have indicated lack of necessary skills to meet the person behind the wound. Purpose: To describe patients' experiences of living with venous leg ulcers. Method: The study was designed as a qualitative literature study. Results: Patients with venous leg ulcers may experience shame for running exudate, bulky bandages and odour. Wound pain leads to physical limitations, which in combination with shame, anxiety and uncertainty gives patients a restricted life. The long and uncertain healing process results in feelings of hopelessness, sadness and powerlessness. Conclusion: Limitations that patients experience may lead to social isolation and reduced physical activity. Powerlessness, sadness and hopelessness may lead to poor health. The above consequences of the changed life conditions may in turn influence wound healing. Nurses can provide patients support by using humour, creating meeting places and applying empowerment strategies. Clinical significance: Patients may experience better treatment when nurses show a good understanding of the problems that wounds cause. Understanding can also be helpful when nurses plan measures to support the patient group.

Canada geese (Branta canadensis) recently have become management problems in some areas due to overpopulation At Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge (NWR). managers are concerned with the opposite situation Despite attempts to boost production, only 18 to 34 goslings of the western Canada goose (B. c. moffitti) were produced per year, from 1989 to 1993. I studied the breeding population from March to July in 1996 and 1997. Results suggest that production is limited in 3 ways: low gosling survival. low nesting success for ground nests, and low number of breeding pairs Gosling survival to fledging was 25% in 1996 and 52% in 1997. I examined the potential causes of low gosling survival, especially the effects of saline drinking water. Specific conductivities in the spring-fed marshes of the desert refuge range from 3.0 to 25.0+ μS/cm. conducted an experiment on captive wild-strain goslings. Three groups received different levels of saline \\ater as measured by specific conductivity: control (0 63 μS/cm), intermediate 12.0 ~1Slcm). and high (18.0 ~1Slcm) I found mortality only at the high level Effects on growth were growth were evident at both the intermediate and high levels, although statistically significant only at the high level. To examine the effects of saline drinking water on survival of free-ranging wild goslings, I collared and radio marked breeding adults, then monitored brood location and gosling numbers. I found that mortality was independent of specific conductivity levels on the brood-rearing impoundments. Observations suggest that the primary causes of low gosling survival involve predation and human disturbance. l compared my results lo the results of other studies. Accuracy of results appears to be related to the estimation technique used. Radio tracking of broods has the potential to be very accurate. Al Fish Springs NWR. l monitored nesting pairs. nests, and broods throughout the breeding season. Ground nests had lower nesting success in both years (56%: 41 %) than artificial nesting platforms (90%, 83%). The number of nesting pairs was 26 and 34 in 1996 and 1997, respectively. Based on these results, l made several management recommendations, including installing more artificial nesting platforms. and minimizing human disturbance.

Exclusion of limitation of right to completion of a blank bill of exchange Abstract Blank bill of exchange is an intentionally incomplete instrument that is meant to be fulfilled in order to become a complete bill of exchange. The owner of the blank bill of exchange exercises his/her right to fulfill a blank bill of exchange by completing the prearranged requirements. The thesis focuses mainly on the time limitation of the right to fulfill a blank bill of exchange. The fulfillment of a blank bill of exchange is performed by the owner of a blank bill of exchange by exercising his right to fulfill a blank bill of exchange. This thesis focuses on the time limitation of the right to fulfill a blank bill of exchange. By exercising this right, the owner of a blank bill of exchange validates the bill of exchange. The absence of time limitation becomes especially significant when the maturity date of the bill of exchange is missing. In these circumstances, the owner of a blank bill of exchange has no time limitation for executing his right. According to the constant case-law of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic, the right to fulfill a blank bill of exchange shall not be subject to the Statute of Limitations or any other time limitation. The presented thesis addresses the question as to whether the right to...

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Background: In current software development, agile development approaches are widely used. One of these methods is Test-driven development (TDD). TDD is said to be a perfect fit for development as it is highly collaborative and is said to improve productivity and accuracy in development. However, it is not a widely used process because people have different perceptions of TDD (mostly negative). In this study we will investigate the expectations about TDD and if these expectations are being met in practice and understand what makes TDD a not-so-usable process. Objectives: The objectives of this study include: To understand the expectations of practitioners about TDD. To investigate if the expectations for TDD are met in practice. To identify the factors that limit the use of TDD. Methods: We have performed a review of the state of the art, from where we have gathered the most common expectations about TDD. These expectations have been used in the survey to see if these expectations are met from the perspective of practitioners simultaneously, we have also conducted interviews. We have collected qualitative data and analyzed the data. Additionally, we have also conducted a sentiment analysis of Reddit comments. Results: From the survey and interviews, we found that the overall perception of TDD is positive and it can provide benefits in certain contexts, We also identified the factors like lack of knowledge or training, perceived difficulty, and resistance to change among others that limit the use of TDD in industry. In the sentiment analysis, we found that the overall sentiment of the comments is mostly neutral and some of them negative. Conclusions: In conclusion, from our study, we identified that TDD can provide benefits but organizations must be willing to invest the time and effort to train their people and see the results using TDD. There are examples of successful projects using TDD but it is not necessarily the best approach in all situations and should be used judiciously to match the specific needs of the project and the organization. Keywords: Agile, Software testing, Test Driven Development, Expectations, Limitations.

Primary care providers have become the front line of treatment for mental health in the United States. Group interventions have been argued to be an effective way to treat more patients with fewer resources, which could reduce the burden of psychopathology on primary care settings. Group therapy faces many barriers to successful implementation in primary care, including site constraints, provider perceptions, population needs, and recruiting difficulties. A survey was developed to assess primary care providers’ perspectives on these areas and distributed via online survey to practitioners in Appalachia; 28 providers responded. No hypotheses were supported, likely a result of the small sample size. Analysis of quantitative and quantitative data elucidated some potential areas for future exploration. Respondents held generally favorable views of group therapy in primary care, and may be more responsive to the peer support and learning elements of group interventions than time or cost benefits. Respondents reported scheduling and a lack of mental health providers with group expertise to be a significant barrier to group interventions in primary care. Billing may not be a significant concern for primary care providers, as is typically reported. Discrepancies between psychopathology frequently seen in primary care settings and the demand on provider time and attention are also discussed.

Bakgrund: Kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) är en folksjukdom, sompåverkar kroppen både fysiskt och emotionellt. Enligt världshälsoorganisationenberäknas sjukdomen öka och bli den tredje största dödsorsaken år 2030. Syfte:Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa patienters upplevelser av att leva medKOL genom frågeställningen; hur upplevs det emotionellt av att leva med KOL.Metod: En litteraturstudie bestående av tio kvalitativa artiklar genomdatabassökning i CINAHL, Medline och PubMed. Resultat: Det framkom en radolika känslor i relation till olika upplevelser. Fyra huvudkategorier identifieradestill: upplevelser av fysiska begränsningar, upplevelser av att leva med syrgas,upplevelser av minskad självständighet och betydelsen av sociala relationer. Denförsta kategorin delades in i en underkategori som var upplevelser av att leva meddyspné. Slutsats: Att leva med KOL kan upplevas med varierande emotioner. Detär viktigt vid omvårdnad av dessa patienter att ha en förståelse för derasupplevelser. / Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease that affects the body both physically and emotionally. According to the World Health Organization it is estimated that the disease will increase in number and become the third largest cause of death in 2030. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to elucidate patients' experiences of living with COPD through the question of issue; how it is perceived emotionally by living with COPD. Method: A literature review consisting of ten qualitative articles through database search in CINAHL, Medline and PubMed. Results: There emerged a range of emotions in relation to different experiences. Four main categories were identified: experiences of physical limitations, experiences of living with oxygen therapy, experiences of reduced independence and significance of social relationships. The first category was divided into a subcategory that was experiences of living with dyspnoea. Conclusion: Living with COPD can be experienced with varying emotions. It is important when caring for these patients to have an understanding of their experiences.

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Ett visst ansvar medföljer den omfattande inverkan som turism har på den globala omgivningen. Effekterna industrin genererar utökas kontinuerligt på grund av den rådande befolkningstillväxten, globaliseringen och det medföljande ekonomiska välståndet. För en långsiktig hållbar utveckling av ekoturism industrin krävs det att de existerande utmaningarna uppmärksammas, vilket är nödvändigt, framför allt i länder vars primära inkomstkälla utgörs av turism. Följande fältstudie är grundad på ett teoretiskt ramverk som har sitt ursprung från problematiken gällande om det är möjligt att föra en framgångsfull eko-turism industri utan att generera negativa konsekvenser. Studien är kvalitativ och utgörs av semistruktureradeoch informativa intervjuer tillsammans med observationer utförda i Costa Rica, men främsti orten Santa Teresa beläget i Costa Rica. Fältstudien syftar till att studera eko-turism samt att undersöka vilka förutsättningar det finns för en turist att resa hållbart i Santa Teresa. Vidare, avser studien till att identifiera de brister som försvårar turistens möjligheter till hållbart resande. För att ta reda på detta var studiens främsta fokus att studera enligt Certification for Sustainable Tourism (CST), industrins två viktigaste faktorer, turisternas beteende och Santa Teresas hållbara erbjudande. Studiens resultat avser att bidra med information som kan stärka industrin och bidra till en positiv och hållbar utveckling. Resultatet av fältstudien identifierade en diskrepans mellan turisternas förutsättningar till att resa hållbart och TheInternational Ecotourism Society (TIES) kriterier för att resa som en eko-turist. Bristfälliga faktorer som identifierades, tolkades bero på en ineffektiv infrastruktur, vilket i sin kan vara ett resultat av den snabbt ökande tillkomsten av turister till orten. Den rådande situationen har resulterat i att arbetet med turismens konsekvenser har stagnerat på grund av otillräckliga resurser. Bland den identifierade komplexitet av industrin, kunde fältstudien identifiera en vilja bland industrins involverade aktörer att föra hållbara beslut men vilka begränsas av en otillräcklig infrastruktur. För att möjliggöra en hållbar utveckling av ekoturism i Santa Teresa behövs industrins negativa faktorer uppmärksammas och åtgärdas. / A certain responsibility is accompanying the substantial impact which the tourism industry is generating. The impacts are constantly expanding due to the growing population, globalization, and economic welfare. An emerging discussion about the challenges to develop sustainable tourism is not only important but also imperative, especially in countries which are dependent on tourism as their main source of income. This field study is founded on the theoretical framework of eco-tourism which is built on the debate regarding if the eco-tourism industry can be sustainable. The data collected is based on qualitative methods, using mainly semi-structured and informative interviews along with observations in Costa Rica in the village of Santa Teresa. The purpose of the field study was to investigate eco-tourism and the tourists’ opportunities to travel sustainable in Santa Teresa. Specifically, the study strived toidentify attributes that are hindering the eco-tourists from traveling sustainably. The main study object were, according to the Costa Rican Certification for Sustainable Tourism (CST), the industry's main factors, the sustainable behaviour of the tourist and the strong infrastructure of the host country. The findings of the field study aim to contribute with relevant information on how to locally improve practices to reach a sustainable development of eco-tourism in Santa Teresa. The result revealed a shortage in adequate opportunities for the tourist to travel sustainable according The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) criteria for being an eco-tourist. Factors were identified to be insufficient infrastructure, due to thesuddenly emerging influx of tourists as well as the Costa Rican governments stagnation and inability to approach the subsequent consequences. Even though, indications also showed a willingness to improve the industry. In order to assure a sustainable development in Santa Teresa, and further Costa Rica, such negative attributes need to be addressed in order to handle the intangible and tangible tourism in this ongoing growing context.