The overall aim of this thesis was to describe (1) needs for occupational therapy among persons with self-perceived activity limitations and/or participation restrictions due to long-term/recurrent pain, and (2) treatment interventions in occupational therapy to meet demonstrated needs. The Liss’ model for assessing health care needs was used as a structural scheme. A randomly selected sample (n=10,000) from the Swedish general population aged 18-58 years was the foundation for the study population with and without pain. In addition, occupational therapists were included (n=109). Data collection was made by postal questionnaires. The results showed a prevalence of 26 % and an incidence rate of 0.07. Demographic characteristics of the sample were female gender, ages 40-58 years and fewer years of education than those without pain. Pain in shoulders/lower back of searing/aching/gnawing character was the most frequently reported. A majority of the respondents reported affective/emo-tional effects of pain mainly of depressive character and they had previously been on sick leave due to pain. Women reported higher frequencies of self-perceived activity limitations/ participation restrictions due to pain, more difficulties with intermediate ADL, perceived higher job demands and had longer sick leave than men. Men perceived poorer social support than did women. Needs for occupational therapy were reported mainly as a consequence of activity and temporal imbalance. High health care consumers reported higher frequencies of needs/problems than did low health care consumers. The main goals and interventions suggested by occupational therapists to meet the needs in pain management focused on increased knowledge of handling daily occupations with the purpose to reduce pain, maintain competence/improve performance of home maintenance, reduce consequences of pain and increase knowledge how to handle effects of pain.

Ända sedan införandet av de svenska ränteavdragsbegränsningarna, som kan leda till nekat avdrag för räntekostnader inom intressegemenskapen beroende på mottagarens skattesituation och syftet bakom transaktionen, har reglernas förenlighet med EU-rättens etableringsfrihet varit ett omdiskuterat ämne. Syf-tet med denna uppsats är att utröna reglernas förenlighet med EU-rätten på denna grund.EU-rätten förbjuder vanligtvis alla former av hinder mot etableringsfriheten. Avsteg får dock göras i särskilda fall om hindrande åtgärder kan motiveras mot bakgrund av art. 52(1) FEUF eller ett trängande allmänintresse. De hindrande åtgärderna måste vidare ha till syfte att uppnå de anförda rättfärdigandegrun-derna samt inte gå utöver vad som är nödvändigt för att uppnå dess mål.EU-kommissionen menar att reglerna särskilt missgynnar gränsöverskridande verksamhet. Vidare anser EU-kommissionen att reglerna går utöver vad som är nödvändigt, trots att reglerna förvisso skulle kunna motiveras. Regeringen menar att reglerna inte utgör ett hinder mot etableringsfriheten, eller att reglerna i vart fall kan motiveras och är proportionerliga.Vid en granskning av de svenska ränteavdragsbegränsningarna finner författar-na att det föreligger hinder för etableringsfrihetens utövande, men att detta hinder kan motiveras med stöd av behovet att motverka skatteflykt och beho-vet att upprätthålla en väl avvägd fördelning av beskattningsrätten mellan medlemsstaterna. Det svenska regelverket går dock utöver vad som är nödvändigt för att uppnå dessa mål, särskilt avseende rättssäkerhet och det totala nekandet av avdrag, och måste därför anses vara oförenliga med unionsrätten. / The Swedish interest deduction limitation rules have been a topic of discussion ever since they were approved. Questions have been raised as to whether the rules restrict the freedom of establishment within EU law. The purpose of this thesis is to assess whether the rules are compatible with EU law in this matter.Restrictions to the freedom of establishment are generally prohibited according to EU law. Such restrictions are warranted only if they adhere to art. 52(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union or if they pursue a legitimate objective compatible with EU law and are justified by overriding reasons relating to the public interest, in which case they must be suitable for securing the attainment of that objective and must not go beyond what is necessary in order to do so (rule of reason).The EU Commission claims that the Swedish rules restrict cross border activity and the freedom of establishment. The Commission initially states that the rules could potentially be justified by the rule of reason doctrine, but ultimately concludes that the rules go beyond what is necessary to achieve the objective of the justification grounds. Upon an examination of the rules, the authors find that the rules restrict the freedom of establishment, but that they can be justified by the need to combat tax avoidance and evasion and need to preserve the balanced allocation be-tween Member States. The rules do, however, go beyond what is necessary to achieve the objective, especially when it comes to the principle of legal certainty and the denying of the entire expense instead of adjusting it to market value, and are therefore not compatible with EU law.

How can art, specifically photography, illustrate the limitations of vision? What do those limits reveal about perception and knowing? To explore these questions two distinct mechanisms need to be discussed in relation to creative practice, Paul Virilio’s augmenting lens that forever changes the photographer’s perception and the image acting as an object for both Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s embodied experience and Jean Baudrillard’s simulacrum. The photographic image becomes an index by exposing the relationship between photographer and image. The camera is a tool, to Virilio a prosthetic eye, which immediately affects the photographer’s perception of her environment. The phenomenal world is the one that is photographed, a subjective experience. The tension between surface and reality, image and object, removes the photographic experience from an experience of the real. The making of the image closely parallels the act of viewing the image. A dual experience emerges from the photograph, the creation of the image and the viewer’s act of reading, inferring. An image, as an index, is open to multiple interpretations, placing equal weight on each participant, viewer, and creator, so that there is no hierarchy of interpretation, experience, or meaning. In this thesis these questions are explored in relation to a creative practice embedding theory with process and outcome.

The theory of relational complexity (RC) developed by Halford and his associates (Halford et al., 1998a) proposes that, in addition to the number of unique entities that can be processed in parallel, it is the structure (complexity) of the relations between these entities that most appropriately captures the essence of processing capacity limitations. Halford et al. propose that the relational complexity metric forms an ordinal scale along which both task complexity and an individual's processing capacity can be ranked. However, the underlying quantitative structure of the RC metric is largely unknown. It is argued that an assessment of the measurement properties of the RC metric is necessary to first demonstrate that the scale is able to rank order task complexity and cognitive capacity in adults. If in addition to ordinal ranking, it can be demonstrated that a continuous monotonic scale underlies the ranking of capacity (the natural extension of the complexity classification), then the potential to improve our understanding of adult cognition is further realised. Using a combination of cognitive psychology and individual differences methodologies, this thesis explores the psychometric properties of RC in three high level reasoning tasks. The Knight-Knave Task and the Sentence Comprehension Task come from the psychological literature. The third task, the Latin Square Task, was developed especially for this project to test the RC theory. An extensive RC analysis of the Knight-Knave Task is conducted using the Method for Analysis of Relational Complexity (MARC). Processing in the Knight-Knave Task has been previously explored using deduction-rules and mental models. We have taken this work as the basis for applying MARC and attempted to model the substantial demands these problems make on limited working memory resources in terms of their relational structure. The RC of the Sentence Comprehension Task has been reported in the literature and we further review and extend the empirically evidence for this task. The primary criterion imposed for developing the Latin Square Task was to minimize confounds that might weaken the identification and interpretation of a RC effect. Factors such as storage load and prior experience were minimized by specifying that the task should be novel, have a small number of general rules that could be mastered quickly by people of differing ages and abilities, and have no rules that are complexity level specific. The strength of MARC lies in using RC to explicitly link the cognitive demand of a task with the capacity of the individual. The cognitive psychology approach predicts performance decrements with increased task complexity and primarily deals with aggregated data across task condition (comparison of means). It is argued however that to minimise the subtle circularity created by validating a task's complexity using the same information that is used to validate the individual's processing capacity, an integration of the individual differences approach is necessary. The first major empirical study of the project evaluates the utility of the traditional dual-task approach to analyse the influence of the RC manipulation on the dual-task deficit. The Easy-to-Hard paradigm, a modification of the dual-task methodology, is used to explore the influence of individual differences in processing capacity as a function of RC. The second major empirical study explores the psychometric approach to cognitive complexity. The basic premise is that if RC is a manipulation of cognitive complexity in the traditional psychometric sense, then it should display similar psychometric properties. That is, increasing RC should result in an increasing monotonic relationship between task performance and Fluid Intelligence (Gf) - the complexity-Gf effect. Results from the comparison of means approach indicates that as expected, mean accuracy and response times differed reliably as a function of RC. An interaction between RC and Gf on task performance was also observed. The pattern of correlations was generally not consistent across RC tasks and is qualitatively different in important ways to the complexity-Gf effect. It is concluded that the Latin Square Task has sufficient measurement properties to allows us to discuss (i) how RC differs from complexity in tasks in which expected patterns of correlations are observed, (ii) what additional information needs to be considered to assist with the a priori identification of task characteristics that impose high cognitive demand, and (iii) the implications for understanding reasoning in dynamic and unconstrained environments outside the laboratory. We conclude that relational complexity theory provides a strong foundation from which to explore the influence of individual differences in performance further.

Introduktion: Hjärtsvikt är ett allvarligt sjukdomstillstånd med hög grad av funktionsnedsättning, hospitalisering och dödlighet. Fatigue och andfåddhet är två av de vanligast förekommande och besvärligaste symtomen hos personer med hjärtsvikt. Syfte: Att beskriva upplevelser och påverkan av fatigue och/eller andfåddhet på det dagliga livet hos personer med hjärtsvikt. Metod: En induktiv litteraturöversikt genomfördes enligt Polit och Becks niostegsmodell med kvalitativ design. Från databaser införskaffades 12 vetenskapliga artiklar från ett flertal kontinenter. Artiklarna analyserades enligt Fribergs femstegsmodell. Resultat: I resultatet framkom två huvudkategorier med sex subkategorier. Båda symtomen orsakade hög grad av obehag och ledde till begränsningar i fysisk kapacitet, förlust av självständighet, familjeroller och sociala kontakter, känslor av skuld och att anpassa sig efter den nuvarande livssituationen. Slutsats: Det finns en kunskapsbrist om hur personer upplever fatigue och andfåddhet. Sjuksköterskor bör tillämpa personcentrerad omvårdnad i mötet med dessa personer. / Introduction: Heart failure is a severe medical condition with high prevalence of disability, hospitalization and death. Fatigue and breathlessness are two of the most commonly experienced and most distressful symptoms among persons with heart failure. Aim: To describe experiences and impact of fatigue and/or breathlessness in daily life among persons with heart failure. Method: An inductive literature review was conducted according to Polit and Beck’s nine step model with qualitative design. From databases 12 scientific articles were acquired from several continents. The articles were analysed according to Friberg’s five step model. Result: In the result two main categories and six sub categories were presented. Both symptoms caused a high degree of discomfort and led to limitations in physical capacity, loss of independence, family roles and social contacts, feelings of guilt and adapting to the current life situation. Summary: There is a lack of knowledge regarding people’s experience of fatigue and breathlessness. Nurses ought to apply person-centered care when meeting these persons.

Cette thèse porte sur les limites du pouvoir étatique de restreindre les droits des détenus. Afin d'explorer cette question, l’auteur identifie les spécificités de ces limitations qui peuvent influencer la justification de leur application. Ces spécificités rendent la justification des limitations en milieu pénitentiaire plus facile par rapport à celles des citoyens libres. La thèse propose des barrières juridiques améliorées contre les limitations non-justifiées.L’auteur propose une théorie originale sur la nature juridique des limitations aux droits des détenus. Il décrit aussi les normes pertinentes développées par l’ONU et le Conseil de l’Europe (la Cour européenne et le Comité pour la prévention de la torture) ainsi que les normes nationales encadrées par la législation et la jurisprudence. Une analyse critique de ces normes est menée afin de comprendre leurs défauts et de prévenir la commission d’erreurs à l’avenir.La doctrine populaire selon laquelle les détenus conservent tous les droits sauf ceux qui sont incompatibles avec l'emprisonnement est rejetée car elle s’avère peu protectrice du point de vue juridique. En revanche, d’autres axes d’amélioration des clauses limitatives existantes en droit pénitentiaire sont proposés. Il s’agit de la construction de garanties procédurales contre l’abus de limitations non-justifiées et notamment du renforcement du rôle du contrôle judiciaire ainsi que de l’application du principe de proportionnalité. L’application légitime de ce principe est plus complexe en monde libre qu’en milieu fermé ; elle requiert sans doute non de s’appuyer non seulement sur des arguments juridiques et logiques, mais encore sur des arguments empiriques. / This thesis focuses on the limits of the State’s power in restricting prisoners’ rights. In order to explore this issue, the author identifies the specificities of these limitations which can influence the justification of their use. Due to these specificities, it is easier to justify the limitations of prisoners’ rights than to those of free citizens. It is on this basis that the thesis suggests to improve legal barriers against the unjustified limitations of prisoners' rights.The author develops an original theory pertaining to the legal nature of limitations applied to prisoners' rights. Furthermore, he describes the standards developed by the UN and the Council of Europe (the European Court and the Committee for the Prevention of Torture) which apply to these limitations, as well as the relevant national standards defined by legislations and/or jurisprudence. A critical analysis of these standards is conducted with the purpose of understanding their flaws and preventing them in the future.The popular view according to which detainees retain all their rights, with the sole exception of those that are incompatible with imprisonment is rejected as not providing sufficient legal protection. This thesis presents alternative ideas for improving restrictive prison law clauses. Particular attention is paid to the construction of procedural safeguards against the abuse of unjustified limitations, including strengthening the role of judicial review and the principle of proportionality. In a security context, it is more complicated to apply this principle legitimately as it might require not only legal and logical arguments, but also empirical data.

React Native has quickly become one of the most popular cross-platform frameworks for developing Android and iOS applications since it was first released by Facebook in 2015. In this study a proof of concept application is  developed and a set of features are evaluated with regard to performance efficiency. Results of measurements show that while React Native does perform worse than it's Android counterpart, it performs sufficiently well for building most applications with but can be more problematic for applications running heavier client-side logic.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-10T14:18:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TADEU FERNANDO DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PROFIAP-CCJS) 2016.pdf: 1247696 bytes, checksum: e5767cfb47e0319b481a6aa1965f4efc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-10T14:18:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TADEU FERNANDO DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO (PROFIAP-CCJS) 2016.pdf: 1247696 bytes, checksum: e5767cfb47e0319b481a6aa1965f4efc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / O estudo que será apresentado tem como principal objetivo compreender a atuação dos membros do Conselho de Acompanhamento e Controle Social do Fundo de Manutenção da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação – CACS-FUNDEB, numa perspectiva de aprimorar as práticas de Controle Social no âmbito do município de Cerro Corá/RN. De caráter explicativo e abordagem quantitativa, adotou-se a estratégia de levantamento a fim de corroborar ou refutar as hipóteses delineadas nesta pesquisa, partindo-se do método indutivo de investigação. Desta forma, aplicou-se o instrumento de pesquisa em forma de questionário com os membros do conselho gestor a fim de descrever o seu perfil e a forma de atuação no conselho municipal relacionados aos processos de formulação, deliberação, implementação e avaliação de políticas públicas no contexto do conselho gestor em que atuam. O espaço amostral desta pesquisa contempla 15 (quinze) membros titulares e suplentes de um universo de 22 (vinte e dois) membros conselheiros. Assim, o estudo corrobora com a hipótese de que os conselheiros gestores padecem de sérias limitações quanto aos conhecimentos necessários para que se possam atingir os requisitos exigidos ao pleno funcionamento de um conselho gestor de políticas públicas. E ainda, que estas limitações são oriundas, em grande parte, da operacionalização incipiente do próprio conselho municipal. Os resultados desta pesquisa, portanto, contribuem para a conclusão de que a prática do controle social, partindo do estudo realizado junto a um Conselho Municipal gestor de políticas públicas está comprometida pela forma como o referido conselho vem atuando diante de todos os problemas por este órgão enfrentado, bem como pela atuação individual e coletiva dos membros que o compõe. / The study that will be presented aims to understand the role of the Board of Monitoring and Social Control of Basic Education Maintenance Fund and Value of Education Professionals - CACS-FUNDEB, with a view to improve the Social Control practices within the municipality of Cerro Cora/RN. Explanatory character and quantitative approach, adopted the survey strategy to corroborate or refute the hypotheses outlined in this research, starting from the inductive method of investigation. In this way, we applied the research instrument in the form of questionnaire with members of the management board in order to describe the profile and modus operandi in the city council related to the processes of formulation, decision, implementation and evaluation of public policies board manager context in which they operate. The sample space of this research includes fifteen (15) members and alternate members of a universe of 22 (twenty two) board members. Thus, the study confirms the hypothesis that managers suffer counselors serious limitations on the necessary knowledge so that they can meet the requirements for the full operation of a management board of public policy. And yet, these limitations are derived in large part, from the incipient operation of the own city council. The results of this research, therefore, contribute to the conclusion that the practice of social control from the study conducted with a Municipal Council manager of public policy is compromised by the way the board has been working on all the problems by this body faced, as well as the individual and collective action of the members that compose it.

O estudo do domínio público no direito autoral não se resume a analisar os prazos de proteção conferido às obras intelectuais. De tratamento escasso pela doutrina, o tema é bem mais complexo do que aparenta em um primeiro momento, abrangendo diversas áreas do direito e tendo implicações diretas na vida da sociedade. Uma vez que o direito autoral é composto de dois feixes distintos de direitos o patrimonial e o moral compreender o domínio público é, em primeiro lugar, determinar que efeitos decorrem do ingresso de determinada obra em domínio público quanto a cada um de tais grupos de direitos. Além disso, o impacto do domínio público se faz sentir em outras áreas jurídicas, como direito contratual, direito de propriedade, direito do consumidor, direito de família, direito das sucessões. Sem contar com a relação inevitável a aspectos econômicos e sociais relacionados ao uso de obras em domínio público.Esta tese procura determinar a estrutura jurídica do domínio público no direito autoral brasileiro a partir das leis atualmente em vigor, bem como traçar a função do instituto, a fim de dar ao domínio público a importância devida e estimular o desenvolvimento sócio-cultural do país. / The study of public domain in the copyright law is not limited to the analysis of the terms of copyright protection. Being scarcely studied by the doctrine, the issue is more complex than it appears at first, covering different areas of law and having direct implications in society. Since copyright is composed of two distinct bundles of rights - the economic and the moral - to understand the public domain is, first, to determine what effects result from the entry of certain work in public domain on each of these groups of rights. Moreover, the impact of public domain is felt in other legal areas such as contract law, property law, consumer law, family law, law of succession. Apart from the inevitable relation to economic and social aspects related to the use of public domain works. This thesis seeks to determine the legal structure of the public domain in copyright according to Brazilian laws currently in force, as well as tracing the role of the institute in order to give due importance to the public domain and stimulate the social and cultural development of the country.

La mystérieuse notion de protection de la substance du droit recouvre dans la jurisprudence strasbourgeoise, comme en droit comparé, une double dimension : faisant instinctivement écho à une perception idéale du droit, trouvant ses origines dans un jusnaturalisme moderne, elle convoie tout d'abord un sens absolu. Il s’agit ainsi d’admettre l’existence d’une substance déterminée inhérente à tel ou tel droit garanti et sujette à une protection totale et inconditionnelle face aux limitations étatiques. Cela dit, les limites théoriques, mais surtout pratiques, à l’expression d’une conception absolue de la notion dans la jurisprudence conventionnelle sont nombreuses. Ces limites convergent vers l'adhésion principale du juge européen à une vision réaliste de la protection de la substance du droit. Comprise comme un strict outil du contrôle judiciaire, elle détient alors un caractère pleinement relatif, se voyant la plupart du temps associée de fait – voire, dans les principes – à une logique proportionnaliste par la Cour européenne. L’ambivalence globale et profonde d’une telle jurisprudence incite à repenser l’emploi de cette notion, tout en préservant sa précieuse finalité au sein du système conventionnel. / The mysterious notion of protection of the essence of the right has in European Court's case- law, as in comparative legal systems, a double dimension: it seems instinctively to be linked to an ideal vision of the law, drawing its roots in the jusnaturalist ideology, and possesses an absolute meaning. It implies admitting the existence of a specific essence, inherent to one or another right itself, and prone to a full and unconditional protection. However, theoretical and above all practical limits against the absolute conception of the notion in the Court's case-law are numerous. These limits converge towards the idea of a main support from the European judge to a realistic perception. Understood only as a tool for the judge, it covers then a relative conception, the protection of the essence of the right being often assimilated – in fact, and even within the principles – to the proportionality rule by the ECtHR. In front of the global and deep ambivalence of the related case-law, it appears necessary to rethink this notion, keeping in mind its precious purpose inside of the system of the ECHR.