This thesis takes the position that current analyses of digitally mediated interactive experiences that include narrative elements often lack adequate consideration of the technical and historical contexts of their production. / From this position, this thesis asks the question: how is the reader/player/user's participation in interactive narrative experiences (such as hypertext fiction, interactive fiction, computer games, and electronic art) influenced by the technical and historical limitations of the interface? / In order to investigate this question, this thesis develops a single methodology from relevant media and narrative theory, in order to facilitate a comparative analysis of well known exemplars from distinct categories of digitally mediated experiences. These exemplars are the interactive fiction Adventure, the interactive art work Osmose, the hypertext fiction Afternoon, a story, and the computer/video games Myst, Doom, Half Life and Everquest. / The main argument of this thesis is that the technical limits of new media experiences cause significant ‘gaps’ in the reader’s experience of them, and that the cause of these gaps is the lack of a dedicated technology for new media, which instead ‘borrows’ technology from other fields. These gaps are overcome by a greater dependence upon the reader’s cognitive abilities than other media forms. This greater dependence can be described as a ‘performance’ by the reader/player/user, utilising Eco’s definition of an ‘open’ work (Eco 21). / This thesis further argues that the ‘mimetic’ and ‘immersive’ ambitions of current new media practice can increases these gaps, rather than overcoming them. The thesis also presents the case that these ‘gaps’ are often not caused by technical limits in the present, but are oversights by the author/designers that have arisen as the product of a craft culture that has been subject to significant technical limitations in the past. Compromises that originally existed to overcome technical limits have become conventions of the reader/player/user’s interactive literacy, even though these conventions impinge on the experience, and are no longer necessary because of subsequent technical advances. As a result, current new media users and designers now think of these limitations as natural. / This thesis concludes the argument by redefining ‘immersion’ as the investment the reader makes to overcome the gaps in an experience, and suggests that this investment is an important aspect of their performance of the work.

Mémoire (M.E.S.R.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. / Résumé disponible sur Internet. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2009. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Nov. 2, 2009). Thesis advisor: Robert B. Cunningham. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by PATRICIA ADRIANA MARQUES DE ANDRADE null (patricia_pama@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-20T02:43:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final_Patrícia Andrade.pdf: 2854246 bytes, checksum: 2d97a7581577e615b3d7fedfa32defab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Lucia Martins Frederico null (mlucia@fca.unesp.br) on 2017-12-20T15:18:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_pam_me_bot.pdf: 2854246 bytes, checksum: 2d97a7581577e615b3d7fedfa32defab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-20T15:18:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_pam_me_bot.pdf: 2854246 bytes, checksum: 2d97a7581577e615b3d7fedfa32defab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O surgimento de máquinas e implementos utilizados na agricultura mudou definitivamente as técnicas de produção em todo o mundo, de forma que o aumento da produtividade deste setor levou o homem a ser substituído pelas máquinas possibilitou o acesso a novas práticas na agricultura. A realização de uma operação segura com trator agrícola é essencial, sendo necessário que o operador tenha o conhecimento de medidas de segurança. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de analisar ruído, temperatura e iluminação como risco físico no interior da cabine de um trator, considerando os limites de tolerância permitidos pelas Normas Regulamentadoras 15 (Atividades e Operações Insalubres) e 17 (Ergonomia) evitando danos à saúde do operador. O experimento foi conduzido em duas pistas: de concreto comum e solo firme. A pista de concreto comum tem 100 metros de comprimento e 4 metros de largura, e a de solo firme 100 metros de comprimento e 6 metros de largura. Foi utilizado um trator agrícola 4x2 tração dianteira auxiliar com cabine e com potência de 88cv. O delineamento foi feito com a combinação de quatro marchas e três rotações. Para cada uma das combinações foi medido o ruído interno e externo, a temperatura e a taxa de luminosidade. O ruído interno foi obtido por meio de um decibelímetro alocado na altura do ouvido do operador. O ruído externo da cabine foi obtido por meio de um decibelímetro alocado no retrovisor na parte externa do trator. A temperatura foi obtida por meio de um registrador de temperatura com datalogger fixado próximo ao assento do operador, e a luminosidade foi obtida por um luxímetro posicionado no centro da cabine. Para o delineamento dos dados, utilizou-se um fatorial incompleto 5X4, sendo o primeiro fator a combinação de marchas (Estático, GI-4, GII-2, GII-3 e GII-4) e o segundo a rotação (máxima, 2300, 2000 e 1700). Os resultados obtidos em relação ao ruído mostraram que tanto o ruído externo quanto interno apresentaram em algumas combinações valores superiores aos 85dB(A), sendo um valor limite de tolerância para a exposição diária por 8 horas sem a utilização de EPI, delimitado pela norma como nível de tolerância de exposição ao ruído nos dois ensaios realizados. Os resultados ainda mostraram que esses valores, em sua grande maioria, se encontram nos valores obtidos do ruído externo. Os resultados obtidos para a temperatura no interior da cabine mostraram que a temperatura se manteve dentro do valor delimitado pelas normas, sendo necessário em certos períodos do dia um tempo de descanso no próprio local de trabalho de acordo com as horas já trabalhadas. Os resultados obtidos para a iluminação nos mostram em como a falta de uma norma específica para a iluminação no interior de cabines de máquinas agrícolas ligado a uma má iluminação pode ocasionar a fadiga visual, provocando no operador a tensão e o desconforto. / The emergence of machines and implements used in agriculture has definitely changed production techniques of production in the whole world, so that increasing productivity in this sector has led man to be replaced by machines made access to new practices in agriculture. The accomplishment of a safe operation with an agricultural tractor is essential, and the operator must be aware of safety measures. This work was carried out with the objective of analyzing noise, temperature and illumination as a physical risk inside the cabin of a tractor, considering the limits of tolerance allowed by Regulators Norms 15 (Activities and Unhealthy Operations) and 17 (Ergonomics) avoiding damages to health the operator. The experiment was conducted on two tracks: common concrete and firm soil. The common concrete runway are 100 meters long and 4 meters wide, and the ground floor is 100 meters long and 6 meters wide. An agricultural tractor was used 4x2 auxiliary front wheel drive with cabin and with power of 88cv. The design was made with the combination of four gears and three rotations. For each of the combinations, internal and external noise, temperature and brightness were measured. The internal noise was obtained by means of a decibel meter allocated at the height of the operator's ear. The external noise of the cab was obtained by means of a decibel meter allocated in the rear view mirror on the outside of the tractor. The temperature was obtained by means of a datalogger temperature recorder fixed close to the operator's seat, and the luminosity was obtained by a luxmeter positioned in the center of the cabin. For the data design, an incomplete 5X4 factorial was used, the first factor being the combination of gears (Static, GI-4, GII-2, GII-3 and GII-4) and the second one the rotation (maximum, 2300, 2000 and 1700). The results obtained in relation 2to noise showed that both external and internal noise presented in some combinations values higher than 85dB (A), being a limit value of tolerance for the daily exposure for 8 hours without the use of EPI, delimited by the standard as Level of noise exposure tolerance in the two tests performed. The results showed that these values, for the most part, are found in the values obtained from external noise. The results obtained for the temperature inside the cabin showed that the temperature remained within the value delimited by the norms, being necessary in certain periods of the day a time of rest in the own place of work according to the hours already worked. The results obtained for the illumination show us how the lack of a specific standard for the illumination inside cabins of agricultural machines connected to a bad illumination can cause the visual fatigue, provoking in the operator the tension and the discomfort.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:58:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lopes_jfs_me_arafo.pdf: 1497511 bytes, checksum: 5cff0da20eacc454b65a7066c2aba9f6 (MD5) / O objetivo desta investigação foi determinar a resistência de união e limite de fadiga de nichos confeccionados em resina composta e ionômeros de vidro. Setenta e cinco corpos-de-prova (incisivos mandibulares humanos hígidos) com etiquetas adesivas com perfurações de 3,5mm de diâmetro foram adaptadas sobre a superfície lingual de cada dente. Esta delimitação tinha como objetivo padronizar a área da superfície de esmalte a ser condicionada e, posteriormente, mantida em contato com os materiais restauradores. Para realização dos nichos, matrizes foram realizadas para cada corpo-de-prova onde o material restaurador foi inserido. Os corpos-de-prova foram imersos em água destilada a 37ºC por um período de 30 dias. Para os ensaios de resistência à união, a máquina de testes mecânicos MTS modelo 810 foi calibrada utilizando uma velocidade de deslocamento de 0,5mm/min. Para os testes de limite de fadiga a máquina de testes foi calibrada para submeter cada corpo-de-prova a 10.000 ciclos constantes, com uma freqüência de 5 Hz, amplitude inicial de 0,5 mm e velocidade de rampa inicial de 100N/s. Os valores originais do experimento foram convertidos de N para MPa em função da área da base do nicho (circular) previamente calculada. Os corpos-de-prova após a fratura foram avaliados através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura com aumento de 500 vezes. A médias de resistência à união e limite de fadiga foram comparadas estatisticamente usando o teste de Análise de Variância a um Critério. Nos teste de cisalhamento, a resina composta Z-100 produziu maior valor de resistência de união (12,25 MPa) ao esmalte dentário que o ionômero de vidro convencional Fuji IX (7,21MPa). Não foram observadas diferenças entre os valores do material Fuji II LC (10,29MPa) e os demais materiais. Para todos os materiais, os corpos-de-prova testados por meio de ensaio dinâmico de... / The aim of this study was to determine the bond strength and fatigue limit of rest seats prepared with composite resin and glass ionomer cements. The lingual aspect of seventy-five specimens (intact human mandibular incisors) was delimited by adhesive tags with 3.5-mm diameter perforations. This delimitation aimed at standardizing the area of enamel surface to be etched and later kept in contact with the restorative materials. For preparation of the rest seats, matrixes were obtained for each specimen on which the restorative material was placed. The specimens were immersed in distilled water at 37ºC for a period of 30 days. For the bond strength assays, the mechanical assay machine MTS model 810 was calibrated at a displacement speed of 0.5mm/min. For the fatigue limit tests, the assay machine was calibrated so as to submit each specimen to 10,000 constant cycles, at a 5-Hz frequency with an initial range of 0.5mm and initial sloping speed of 100N/s. The original values of the experiment were converted from N to MPa according to the previously calculated circular area of the base of the rest seat. After fracture, the specimens were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy with magnification of 500x. The means of bond strength and fatigue limits were statistically compared through the one-way variance analysis. For the shear resistance test, the composite resin Z-100 yielded a higher value of bond strength (12.25 MPa) to the dental enamel than the conventional glass ionomer cement Fuji IX (7.21MPa). No differences could be found between Fuji II LC (10.29MPa) and the further materials. For all materials, the specimens submitted to dynamic fatigue assay tests yielded lower mean values than those achieved through static shear assays. Regarding the fatigue limit values, all materials presented different behaviors, being that Fuji II LC obtained the higher mean value (6.4MPa), ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

The debate on "Loss and Damage" (L&D) has gained traction over the last few years. Supported by growing scientific evidence of anthropogenic climate change amplifying frequency, intensity and duration of climate-related hazards as well as observed increases in climate-related impacts and risks in many regions, the "Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage" was established in 2013 and further supported through the Paris Agreement in 2015. Despite advances, the debate currently is broad, diffuse and somewhat confusing, while concepts, meth ods and tools, as well as directions for policy remain vague and often contested. This book, a joint effort of the Loss and Damage Network - a partnership effort by scientists and practitioners from around the globe - provides evidence-based insight into the L&D discourse by highlighting state-of-the-art research conducted across multiple disciplines, by showcasing applications in practice and by providing insight into policy contexts and salient policy options. This introductory chapter summarises key findings of the twenty-two book chapters in terms of five propositions. These propositions, each building on relevant findings linked to forward-looking sugges tions for research, policy and practice, reflect the architecture of the book, whose sections proceed from setting the stage to critical issues, followed by a section on methods and tools, to chapters that provide geographic perspectives, and finally to a section that identifies potential policy options. The propositions comprise (1) Risk management can be an effective entry point for aligning perspectives and debates, if framed comprehensively, coupled with climate justice considerations and linked to established risk management and adaptation practice; (2) Attribution science is advancing rapidly and fundamental to informing actions to minimise, avert, and address losses and damages; (3) Climate change research, in addition to identifying physical/hard limits to adaptation, needs to more systematically examine soft limits to adaptation, for which we find some evidence across several geographies globally; (4) Climate risk insurance mechanisms can serve the prevention and cure aspects emphasised in the L&D debate but solidarity and accountability aspects need further attention, for which we find tentative indication in applications around the world; (5) Policy deliberations may need to overcome the perception that L&D constitutes a win-lose negotiation "game" by developing a more inclusive narrative that highlights collective ambition for tackling risks, mutual benefits and the role of Transformation.

Disputed questions werw already raides in the medieval universities on issues that coulkd and needed to be debated. Human rights, as a modern invention, raise questions -assumed in this paper- whose need cannot be put off, but we suspect that not all law theories can define, substantiate and guarantee them. / Las cuestiones disputadas se planteaban en las universidades medievales sobre temas que se podían y necesitaban debatir. Los derechos humanos, como invención moderna, plantean cuestiones -asumidas en este trabajo- cuya necesidad es impostergable, pero sospechamos que no todas las teorías del derecho pueden definirlos, fundamentarlos y garantizarlos.

Muitos são os dilemas no mundo da educação. Conflitos são próprios do trabalho docente, desestabilizando o ‘Ser’, comprometendo não só a prática do educador, como também a qualidade de vida do sujeito. A Tese objetiva analisar e compreender as relações que, ao movimentar o todo social, agregam a escola como espaço de embate de forças conflitivas, com implicações no 'Ser' professor-educador e nas práticas (de)formadoras dos sujeitos no processo do “educar/educar-se”. Para entender o atual contexto social, político e econômico em que os educadores estão inseridos, a fim de identificar os limites e as possibilidades ineditamente-viáveis deste 'Ser' no caminho da educação libertadora–transformadora, apresentam-se os argumentos e conclusões, frutos da coleta e análise de dados, apreendidos no processo do desenvolvimento de pesquisa qualitativa, centrado na Associação de Educação Católica/RS (AEC-RS) e nos espaços educativos onde o ‘Ser’ professor-educador faz sentido – as escolas. Com o cimento teórico Gramsci e Freire analisa-se, a relação ou correlação de forças que permeiam os agrupamentos sociais, manifestando os interesses de classe. Cada uma delas, representando uma posição determinada, confrontam-se na defesa de interesses específicos dos grupos. A consciência destes agrupamentos e os objetivos dos seus membros estão permeados por fatores políticos, culturais e econômicos que influenciam as visões de mundo defendidas por aqueles que o integram. No espaço da escola, as relações possuem o componente político-pedagógico na medida em que propicia condições de enfrentamento de ideologias. Assim, as brechas possibilitam o embate de contrários e se configuram nichos de resistências para confrontação de ideias que permeiam leituras de mundo. / Many are the dilemmas in the world of education. Conflicts are proper from the teaching work, disestablishing the “Being”, compromising not only the educator practice, but also the individual’s quality of life. The thesis aims to analyze and understand the relations which, by moving the whole social, insert school as a space of shock of conflicting forces, with implications in the educator-professor Being and in the (de) formed practices of individuals in the process of educating/educating yourself. To understand the current social, political and economical context in which the educators are inserted to identify the limits and the possibilities which are unheard and feasible from this “Being”, in the patch of the liberatingtransforming education, we present the arguments and conclusions, fruit of data collecting and analyzing, learned from the developing process of qualitative research, based on “Associação de Educação Católica/RS” (AEC-RS) and in the educational spaces where the professoreducator “Being” makes sense - the school. With the theoretical cement Gramsci and Freire, we analyze the relation or correlation of forces which permeate the social gatherings, expressing the interests of the class. Each one of them representing a determined position confronts in the defense of specific interests from the groups. The consciousness from these gatherings and the objectives of their members are permeated by political, cultural and economical factors which influence the world views defended by those who make part of it. In the school space the relations have the political-pedagogical component, as it propitiates conditions of facing the ideologies. So, the gaps make possible the shock of contraries and configure niches which permeate understanding the world.

O presente trabalho examina a questão da renúncia a direitos fundamentais, tomando como modelo principal de análise, mas não único, a sistemática do direito tributário brasileiro e o seu cotejo com a sistemática constitucional conferida aos direitos e garantias fundamentais do cidadão-contribuinte. Para tanto, faz uma diferenciação prévia entre vários institutos análogos ao da renúncia e das modalidades de renúncia ao exercício e ao próprio direito fundamental. Após, analisa a questão dos pressupostos – subjetivos e objetivos – da renúncia envolvendo direitos fundamentais e quais os elementos da previsão da renúncia e as características do ato renunciatório em si, com análise de caso concreto que evidencia a existência de previsões legais que não observam a sistemática dos direitos fundamentais exposta da Constituição de 1988. Em momento posterior são analisados os limites impostos aos atos de renúncia que envolvem os direitos fundamentais, dividindo esses limites em duas categorias distintas: a dos limites absolutos e relativos e a possibilidade de relativização de tais limites no que tange às relações especiais de sujeição. Por fim, são objeto de análise e enumeração os parâmetros que podem – e devem – ser utilizados para o efetivo controle de validade das renúncias operadas no âmbito dos direitos fundamentais. Nessa etapa é realizada uma reflexão sobre a sistemática dos parcelamentos fiscais e as renúncias a direitos fundamentais operadas no âmbito de tais regimes e, ainda, a sua adequação ao modelo constitucional de garantia dos direitos fundamentais do contribuinte. / The work analyses the subject matter involving the abdication of constitutional rights, having for main, but not only, model the Brazilian tax system and its comparison with the constitutional system concerning the rights granted to tax payers. In order to do such, proceeds into a differentiation between various similar situations and the modalities of the abdication concerning the constitutional right itself or its exercise. Moreover, it analyses the objective and subjective requirements and which elements are part of the abdication and the characteristics of the abdication act itself, with the analysis concerning a case that sets forward the existence of legal abdication hypothesis that don’t comply with the constitutional rights system set forth in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988. In a second moment, the analysis is focused on the limits imposed to any abdication involving constitutional rights, dividing this limits in two different categories: absolute and relative limits and also the possibility of extension of these limits concerning the special submission relations. The criteria or parameters that could – and should – be used to control the validity of the abdication of constitutional rights are listed at the end of the research. Here is also offered some considerations on the tax installments procedures and the abdications made therein, and its compliance with the constitutional model of the tax payer’s fundamental guarantees and rights.