Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-134). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Como a grande maioria dos tecidos e órgãos, a estrutura da mucosa lingual é influenciada por diversos fatores, dentre eles os nutricionais e os metabólicos. Dessa maneira, a subnutrição protéica pré-natal, associada a inúmeras patologias pós-natais, e a atividade da insulina e de IGF-I, representam importantes pontos a serem correlacionados na avaliação morfológica e funcional do tecido. Assim, avaliou-se no presente estudo, os efeitos da subnutrição protéica pré e pós-natal e da renutrição pós-natal, sobre a taxa de renovação do epitélio, relacionando-a à atividade da insulina e do IGF-I, no intuito de encontrar possível correspondência entre as alterações metabólicas e morfofuncionais, com a atividade desses importantes hormônios sobre o desenvolvimento do epitélio lingual, nas fases púbere e adulta. Para tanto, os grupos experimentais foram formados por animais heterogênicos (n=3) de acordo com a ração oferecida, protéica ou hipoprotéica, e com as respectivas idades, nos grupos N, D (nutridos e desnutridos aos 60 dias de vida, fase na qual o período púbere é finito), R (renutridos a partir de 21 até alcançarem 60 dias de vida), NN (nutridos até 100 dias de vida) e RR (renutridos desde o desmame até alcançarem 100 dias de vida). Após avaliação sob microscopia de luz com técnicas rotineiras de histologia e imunohistoquímicas para a identificação do IGF-I, Insulina e respectivos receptores, verificou-se que as camadas da mucosa lingual não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos estudados. As papila filiformes, de forma triangular ao corte nos animais do grupo N, nem sempre foram detectadas nos grupos S e R, sendo que na fase adulta, (grupos NN e RR) apresentaram-se sob a forma de bastonete. Relativamente à tipificação das fibras colágenas, as do tipo I predominaram no grupo S, sendo verificada uma homogeneidade na distribuição entre as fibras dos tipos I e III nos demais grupos. As densidades de células imunorreativas à Insulina e seu receptor, (IR), bem como IGF-I e seu receptor (IGF-IR) apresentaram-se elevadas nos grupos S e R quando comparadas ao grupo N, e semelhantes nos grupos NN e RR. / Similarly to many tissue and organs, the structure of lingual mucosa is influenced by many factors, among nutritional and metabolic factors. This way, the pre-natal protein under nutrition associated to several post-natal pathologies and the activity of IGF-I and insulin, represents important points to be correlated in the morphological and functional tissue evaluation. Thus, the effects of pre and post-natal protein under nutrition and post-natal re-nutrition on the epithelial renewal taxes relating it to insulin and IGF-I activity, in order to find possible association between the morph functional changes with the activity of these important hormones on the development of the lingual epithelium in the puberal and adult phase. For this purpose, the experimental groups were formed by heterogenic animals (n=3) according to diet (protein and hypoprotein), and, with the respective ages in the groups N and S (nourished and under-nourished at 60 days old, when the puberal period is finite), R (re-nourished from 21 up to 60 days old), NN (nourished up to 100 days old) and RR (re-nourished from weaning up to 100 days of age). After observation under light microscopy with routine histological and immunehistochemical tecnhiques for identification of IGF-I, insulin and respective receptors, it has been verified that the layers of lingual mucosa do not present differences among studied groups. The filliform papillae of triangular shape in group N animals not always been detected in the S and R groups, being in the adult phase (NN and RR groups) presented under bastonete form. Related to tipification of collagen fibers, the type I was predominant in S group, being verified homogeneity in the distribution of type I and III fibers in the other groups. The density of immune reactive cells to insulin and its receptor (IR), as well as IGF-I and its receptor (IGF-IR) were higher in the S and R groups when compared to N group, and were similar in the groups NN and RR.

Cette recherche vise à étudier deux procédés textuels : la reprise anaphorique et la reformulation textuelle, dans des écrits en FLE, produits par des étudiants Malaisiens à l'Institut de formation des formateurs de langues étrangères ou connu comme IPG KBA à Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie. La problématique générale s'inscrit dans le cadre de la didactique du texte écrit, relevant d'une linguistique textuelle qui permet de mieux comprendre la qualité du texte. Il s‟agit à la fois des caractéristiques observables à la surface du texte et des choix opérés pour construire et organiser la matière textuelle. La question fondamentale que nous nous sommes posée est de savoir comment aider les apprenants en FLE à se rendre compte de l'importance de l'articulation des deux niveaux local et global de l'organisation du texte, de sorte qu'ils arrivent à comprendre où se situent les dysfonctionnements dans leurs textes, de quels types de dysfonctionnements il s‟agit et de quelle manière ils peuvent y remédier. La méthodologie de recherche est basée sur une expérimentation auprès du public visé, conjuguant de facteurs textuels et extratextuels. L'analyse des textes d'apprenants a pour objectif de repérer, classer et interpréter les difficultés non seulement en fonction d'un cadre théorique d'analyse de textes mais en fonction d'une démarche comparative entre écrits d'un public en milieu d'apprentissage exolingue et celui d'endolingue. Les résultats atteints montrent que la sensibilisation des apprenants et le travail de réflexion avec eux, sur desf acteurs extratextuels, peuvent les aider à améliorer la qualité de leur production écrite. Il est aussi démontré qu‟en matière de connaissances textuelles, tout ce qui est intériorisé et maîtrisé en langue maternelle (langue première) et en anglais pourrait être exploitable de façon positive en français. Mais le français et l'anglais, deux langues étrangères, ne peuvent pas non plus être mises sur pied d'égalité, en ce qui concerne les difficultés rencontrées par les apprenants Malaisiens, du simple fait de leur « étrangeté ». Les propositions didactiques que nous avons suggérées s'inspirent de notre méthode d'analyse et reposent sur le souci d'améliorer la qualité de la production écrite en français chez le public allophone Malaisien. / This research aims at the study of two textual procedures notably the anaphoric rephrasing and the textual reformulation in the written texts in French as a Foreign Language, produced by the Malaysian students in the Institute of Teacher Training, International Languages Campus, Kuala Lumpur. The overall issue is embedded in the framework of the teaching of writing within the domain of textural linguistics. The latter enables us to understand better the quality of the text. This study deals with the observation of characteristics at the surface level as well as the choice of operations to construct and organise the textual matter. The fundamental question which confonts us is to know how to help foreign learners in French to be conscious of the importance of the global and local articulation of organising a text, leading to a better comprehension of where the textual defauts are situated. It's also more crucial to identify the types of defauts or textural disfonctionnings concerned and the remedial methods to these problems. The research methodology is based on an experiment conducted on a group of learners targetted, on a topic governed by the textual and extratextual factors. Analysis of the learners' written productions is for the objective of retrieving, regrouping and interpreting the difficulties from not only the theorical point of view but also responding to a comparative study between the written productions of a public in an exolingual and endolingual learning situations. The results achieved show that the consequences of writing on a topic bound byt he extratextual factors on the learners and the post-period of reflexion with them could help them in improving the quality of their written production. It attested also that the textual content knowledge and all that is interiorised and acquired in the first language as well as in English could be exploited in a positive way in French. However, French and English, two foreign languages cannot be put a long side equally when it comes to difficulties confronting the Malaysian learners, from the simple factual reason of their « alienicity ». The didactic propositions, which are suggested, are inspired by our method of analysis with the sole aim of improving the quality of written production in French among the Malaysian foreign learners of French.

With the emergence of the Internet, many innovative and interesting applications from different countries have been stimulated and e-commerce is also getting more and more pervasive. Under this scenario, tremendous amount of information expressed in different languages are exchanged and shared by not only organizations but also individuals in the modern global environment. A large proportion of information is typically formatted and available as textual documents and managed by using categories. Consequently, the development of a practical and effective technique to deal with the problem of cross-lingual category integration (CLCI) becomes a very essential and important issue. Several category integration techniques have been proposed, but all of them deal with category integration involving only monolingual documents. In response, in this study, we combine the existing cross-lingual text categorization techniques with an existing monolingual category integration technique (specifically, Enhanced Naive Bayes) and proposed a CLCI solution to address cross-lingual category integration. Our empirical evaluation results show that our proposed CLCI technique demonstrates its feasibility and superior effectiveness.

Como a grande maioria dos tecidos e órgãos, a estrutura da mucosa lingual é influenciada por diversos fatores, dentre eles os nutricionais e os metabólicos. Dessa maneira, a subnutrição protéica pré-natal, associada a inúmeras patologias pós-natais, e a atividade da insulina e de IGF-I, representam importantes pontos a serem correlacionados na avaliação morfológica e funcional do tecido. Assim, avaliou-se no presente estudo, os efeitos da subnutrição protéica pré e pós-natal e da renutrição pós-natal, sobre a taxa de renovação do epitélio, relacionando-a à atividade da insulina e do IGF-I, no intuito de encontrar possível correspondência entre as alterações metabólicas e morfofuncionais, com a atividade desses importantes hormônios sobre o desenvolvimento do epitélio lingual, nas fases púbere e adulta. Para tanto, os grupos experimentais foram formados por animais heterogênicos (n=3) de acordo com a ração oferecida, protéica ou hipoprotéica, e com as respectivas idades, nos grupos N, D (nutridos e desnutridos aos 60 dias de vida, fase na qual o período púbere é finito), R (renutridos a partir de 21 até alcançarem 60 dias de vida), NN (nutridos até 100 dias de vida) e RR (renutridos desde o desmame até alcançarem 100 dias de vida). Após avaliação sob microscopia de luz com técnicas rotineiras de histologia e imunohistoquímicas para a identificação do IGF-I, Insulina e respectivos receptores, verificou-se que as camadas da mucosa lingual não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos estudados. As papila filiformes, de forma triangular ao corte nos animais do grupo N, nem sempre foram detectadas nos grupos S e R, sendo que na fase adulta, (grupos NN e RR) apresentaram-se sob a forma de bastonete. Relativamente à tipificação das fibras colágenas, as do tipo I predominaram no grupo S, sendo verificada uma homogeneidade na distribuição entre as fibras dos tipos I e III nos demais grupos. As densidades de células imunorreativas à Insulina e seu receptor, (IR), bem como IGF-I e seu receptor (IGF-IR) apresentaram-se elevadas nos grupos S e R quando comparadas ao grupo N, e semelhantes nos grupos NN e RR. / Similarly to many tissue and organs, the structure of lingual mucosa is influenced by many factors, among nutritional and metabolic factors. This way, the pre-natal protein under nutrition associated to several post-natal pathologies and the activity of IGF-I and insulin, represents important points to be correlated in the morphological and functional tissue evaluation. Thus, the effects of pre and post-natal protein under nutrition and post-natal re-nutrition on the epithelial renewal taxes relating it to insulin and IGF-I activity, in order to find possible association between the morph functional changes with the activity of these important hormones on the development of the lingual epithelium in the puberal and adult phase. For this purpose, the experimental groups were formed by heterogenic animals (n=3) according to diet (protein and hypoprotein), and, with the respective ages in the groups N and S (nourished and under-nourished at 60 days old, when the puberal period is finite), R (re-nourished from 21 up to 60 days old), NN (nourished up to 100 days old) and RR (re-nourished from weaning up to 100 days of age). After observation under light microscopy with routine histological and immunehistochemical tecnhiques for identification of IGF-I, insulin and respective receptors, it has been verified that the layers of lingual mucosa do not present differences among studied groups. The filliform papillae of triangular shape in group N animals not always been detected in the S and R groups, being in the adult phase (NN and RR groups) presented under bastonete form. Related to tipification of collagen fibers, the type I was predominant in S group, being verified homogeneity in the distribution of type I and III fibers in the other groups. The density of immune reactive cells to insulin and its receptor (IR), as well as IGF-I and its receptor (IGF-IR) were higher in the S and R groups when compared to N group, and were similar in the groups NN and RR.

The objective of this study was to: (1) model the course of the lingual nerve (LN) in the third molar region using digitized data and (2) investigate landmarks to aid in predicting the position of LN. A MicroScribe 3-DX digitizer and Autodesk® Maya® 8.5 were used to create 3-D in-situ models of LN for seven human cadaveric specimens. Regression analysis demonstrated that an anteriorly positioned lingula is directly proportional to the vertical distance of the LN relative to the alveolar crest (p < 0.05). A superiorly positioned mylohyoid ridge was also directly proportional to the vertical distance of the LN relative to the alveolar crest (p < 0.05). The LN is positioned closer to the alveolar crest in specimens where the mylohyoid ridge is positioned superiorly (p = 0.001). This study demonstrated a novel way of quantifying the relative position of the LN using 3-D computer modeling.

The objective of this study was to: (1) model the course of the lingual nerve (LN) in the third molar region using digitized data and (2) investigate landmarks to aid in predicting the position of LN. A MicroScribe 3-DX digitizer and Autodesk® Maya® 8.5 were used to create 3-D in-situ models of LN for seven human cadaveric specimens. Regression analysis demonstrated that an anteriorly positioned lingula is directly proportional to the vertical distance of the LN relative to the alveolar crest (p < 0.05). A superiorly positioned mylohyoid ridge was also directly proportional to the vertical distance of the LN relative to the alveolar crest (p < 0.05). The LN is positioned closer to the alveolar crest in specimens where the mylohyoid ridge is positioned superiorly (p = 0.001). This study demonstrated a novel way of quantifying the relative position of the LN using 3-D computer modeling.