The thesis is divided into two parts theoretical one and practical one. The theoretical part describes methods of implementation of physical experiments, also there is discussion about curriculum that was used in the created experiments, at the end of this part there is also several experiments that are made to inspire teachers and to show them video analysis options. The practical part contains a set of differentiated tasks and worksheets. In this work there is also few worksheets that were filled by students.

Una de las operaciones más importantes en datos multimedia es la de buscar objetos similares entre sí. Para realizar esta búsqueda, es que se recurre al concepto de espacio métrico, el cual permite modelar la relación de similitud por medio de una función de distancia, que cumple la desigualdad triangular, entre otras propiedades. Esta distancia, resulta, generalmente, costosa de calcular, por lo que es necesario la construcción de índices para resolver las búsquedas de manera eficiente. El tema de la eficacia es también un aspecto muy importante, cuando se trabaja con búsquedas por similitud, ya que no solamente es necesario poder responder las consultas rápidamente, sino que también es necesario entregar resultados relevantes. Para mejorar este aspecto, es que se utiliza un espacio multimétrico, el que define dinámicamente la distancia a utilizar, ponderando en mayor medida aquellas características que sean más relevantes para la consulta. El problema de esta estrategia es que existen pocos índices que permitan trabajar con espacios multimétricos y los índices de espacios métricos no pueden ser usados directamente, pues la distancia de éstos es fija. Es por esta razón que en esta memoria se busca contribuir con nuevas técnicas de indexamiento para espacios multimétricos. Para esto se estudia y propone una metodología que permite adaptar índices métricos para ser utilizados en un contexto de espacios multimétricos. Se muestra también cómo esta técnica puede ser utilizada para modificar las estructuras List of Clusters y GNAT, así como también el hecho que las estructuras previamente existentes también resultan de utilizar la metodología propuesta. Finalmente se realiza una evaluación experimental, comparando los índices propuestos con los ya existentes, obteniendo que unos de los índices propuestos, MMGNAT, muestra un mejor desempeño que el estado del arte.

The purpose of this study was to identify the major problem areas of freshmen community college students and to determine if significant differences in problems of freshmen students existed as a variable of age, sex, or marital status. The population consisted of 674 community college students enrolled in an Orientation to College program during the fall or spring semester of 1976, 1977, 1978 or 1979. Each student was administered the Mooney Problem Check List (MPCL), College Form (1950) during the first week of enrollment at the community college. he data were analyzed in order to determine if a significant difference existed in the problem areas reported by students according to a Friedman Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks. A significant difference produced by the Friedman ANOVA indicated a need to apply a Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Ranks Test in order to determine which problem areas differed significantly from one another. A Mann Whitney U Test was employed to statistically compare the problem areas of male students and female students as well as married students and single students. A Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks for k independent samples was employed to test differences in the responses of four student age groups: 18 and under, 19 and 20, 20 through 29 and 30 years of age and over.

Abstract Background and Objective: An accurate medication history list is an integral part of the patient assessment at hospital admission. The objective of the study was to describe the frequency, type, and predictors of unintentional medication errors and to evaluate the quality of the clinical pharmacy services focusing on the acceptance of the recommendations made by the clinical pharmacist. Setting and methods: A descriptive study was conducted at two internal medicine wards at Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Iraq using Lund Integrated Medicines Management (LIMM)-based medication reconciliation. The study pharmacist conducted medication interviews for patients shortly after hospital admission to obtain the most accurate pre-admission medication history list. This list was compared with the medication list in the patient’s medical chart. Intended addition, withdrawal of a drug, or changes to the dose/ dosage form in the patient’s medical list was considered as medication discrepancies. However, medication discrepancies were considered as medication errors based on no identified clinical reason. Results: A total of 114 patients were included in this study. Over two-thirds of the study patients (73.7%) experienced 215 medication errors identified by a clinical pharmacist conducting medication reconciliation. Most errors were omission (87.9%). Cardiovascular agents followed by NSAID were commonly in error (53%) and (10.2%) respectively. In a logistic regression model, age (odds ratio (OR), 1.055: 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.010 - 1.102), female gender (OR, 3.468: 95% CI 1.232- 9.761) and number of medications at admission (OR, 0.810: 95% CI 0.681-0.963) were predictors for medication history errors at admission. Conclusions: Medication errors at the time of hospital admission are common and undetected.  A structured approach like the LIMM-based medication reconciliation at Iraqi hospital is needed to detect these errors.

O aumento da proporção de idosos trouxe mudanças importantes no perfil de morbidade geral. Uma maior frequência de doenças crônicas faz com que a prescrição de medicamentos seja cada vez mais extensa e mais complexa nesta população. Estes aspectos, somados às variações farmacocinéticas e farmacodinâmicas relacionadas com a idade e à crescente medicalização, levam ao aumento do risco de problemas relacionados à farmacoterapia, tais como o uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) e correspondente aparecimento de reações adversas. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar o uso de MPI entre idosos brasileiros utilizando a Lista PRISCUS (2010). Os dados analisados são provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional de Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM), de caráter transversal e amostra probabilística populacional em municípios brasileiros urbanos. Neste estudo, foram analisadas as informações obtidas com a população de idosos (60 anos ou mais) (N=9.019). A variável independente foram os medicamentos utilizados por idosos com 60 anos ou mais. As variáveis intervenientes foram sexo, idade, escolaridade, nível econômico e região geográfica. Também foram analisadas as variáveis presença de doença crônica e médico que trata doença crônica. Uma análise multivariável foi realizada para identificar os fatores para o uso de medicamentos inapropriados. Do total de idosos, 18,1% utilizaram no mínimo um medicamento considerado potencialmente inapropriado, independente de dose, sendo que o grupo de medicamentos para o sistema nervoso correspondeu a 45,8%, sendo a amitriptilina a mais prevalente. O uso de medicamentos inapropriados foi maior em mulheres (20,4%), idosos com 80 anos ou mais (22,2%), idosos com nenhuma escolaridade (21,5%), nível econômico C (18,6%), região Sul do Brasil (22,4%), idosos com doença crônica (DC) (21,8%) e que tratavam a DC com mais de um médico (28%). De acordo com a análise multivariável, a variável que se mostrou associada à maior probabilidade para o uso de medicamentos inapropriados foi o aumento do número de medicamentos. Idosos que utilizam maior número de medicamentos simultaneamente (polifarmácia) têm maior probabilidade de terapia inapropriada. Com o intenso processo de envelhecimento, a tendência é aumentar a utilização de medicamentos na população. Programas de atenção ao idoso devem constar como prioridade dos órgãos públicos de saúde. / The proportion of aged has increased causing important changes in the general morbidity profile. A higher frequency of chronic diseases makes medications prescription more and more extensive and complex in this population. These aspects, coupled with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variations related to age and increasing medicalization, lead to an increased risk of problems related to the use of medications, such as the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) and corresponding adverse reactions. This dissertation aims at evaluating the use of PIM among Brazilian elders using the PRISCUS List (2010). The analyzed data came from the National Survey of Access, Use and Promotion of the Rational Use of Medicines (PNAUM, in Portuguese), of transversal character and population probabilistic sample in urban Brazilian municipalities. In this study, the information obtained with the elderly population (60 years or more) (N=9.019) was analyzed. The independent variable was the medication used by the 60 years old people or older. The intervening variables were sex, age, schooling, economic level and geographic region. Also, it were analyzed the presence of chronic disease and the doctor who treats chronic disease. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for the use of inappropriate medications. Of the total aged, 18.1% used at least one medication considered to be potentially inappropriate, regardless of dose, and the group of medications for the nervous system corresponded to 45.8%, with amitriptyline being the most prevalent. The use of inappropriate medications was higher in women (20.4%), 80 years old people or older (22.2%), aged with no schooling (21.5%), economic level C (18.6%), South region of Brazil (22.4%), aged with chronic disease (CD) (21.8%) and who treated CD with more than one physician (28%). According to the multivariate analysis, the variable that was shown to be associated with the greatest probability for the use of inappropriate medications was the increase in the number of medications. Aged who use more medications at the same time are more likely to have inappropriate therapy. With the intense process of aging, the tendency is to increase the use of medications by the population. Aged care programs should be a priority of public health agencies.

All movement abilities are improved during the sport game lessons. A special warm-up exercise with a ball should not only improve the manipulation with the ball but also help to make the sports with ball more attractive for children at the second stage of the primary school. The main goal of this graduation thesis is to compose a set of special exercises with ball for sport game lessons at the primary school and to check whether it is more convenient and more interesting to use this special exercise than the classics gymnastics exercises. In my work, it is assumed that using this special warm-up exercise will conclude in the improvement in the fields of the children{\crq}s manipulation skills with the ball, their preferred sport game and that the lessons will be more attractive and entertaining for them.

The aim of this paper is to describe the way of creation of cartographic papers in ArcGIS programme. I would like to also mention the display possibilities of the programme and point out potential difficulties in the work with more shapefile layers, grid system, cartographic schemes and as well with the portrayal of the plan which influences the final form of the map essentially. Created cartographic papers show the real historical setout of the territorial integrity in the time and space. Morover the time resolution is able to provide the chance to compare and peep into the emergence of the state boundaries in 20 th century. The result of this paper is the set of historical and geographical maps which can be used not only in history and geography education.

Introdução: As doenças respiratórias ocupacionais constituem um grave problema de saúde pública na realidade brasileira. A silicose é a pneumoconiose mais prevalente, considerada a principal causa de invalidez entre as doenças respiratórias ocupacionais e pode desenvolver uma forma grave de pneumopatia fibrosante levando a insuficiência respiratória crônica onde apenas o transplante pulmonar é a terapia capaz de re-estabelecer a qualidade de vida e assim prolongar a sobrevida destes indivíduos. Objetivo: Fazer uma revisão sistemalizada da literatura sobre o tema “transplante pulmonar” e “silicose” e “sobrevida”, além de avaliar o resultado do transplante pulmonar realizado em pacientes com silicose em estágio terminal, comparando as alterações de função pulmonar entre aqueles submetidos à cirurgia com aqueles que não foram operados, além de detectar os fatores prognósticos que podem influenciar a sobrevida dos pacientes submetidos a este procedimento. Métodos: Após uma busca sistematizada na literatura sobre o tema, 40 artigos foram analisados, sendo que 13 destes descorriam sobre o tema, e cinco tratavam exclusivamente de transplante de pulmão em silicose avançada. Posteriormente, foram retrospectivamente estudados os prontuários de 26 pacientes listados para tranplante pulmonar por silicose pulmonar em estágio terminal, no período entre janeiro de 1989 até junho de 2015 pelo grupo de Transplante Pulmonar da Santa Casa de Porto Alegre – RS. As características epidemiológicas, as medidas de função pulmonar analisadas através de espirometria, teste de caminhada de 6 minutos, teste de difusão do monóxido de carbono, medidas de pressões da artéria pulmonar, foram comparadas entre os grupos transplante versus não transplante. As variáveis categóricas são apresentadas em números absolutos e/ou porcentagem. O pequeno número da amostra não foi suficiente para garantir a normalidade e os dados foram analisados através dos testes não paramétricos do qui-quadrado (x2), teste de Mann Whitnney e teste de Friedman. Para as análises pareadas, foi utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon. Para amostra menor que 5, o teste de exato de Fisher. As variáveis analisadas em relação aos eventos relacionados com mortalidade, foram estudadas através da correlação de Spearman. O sobrevida até o desfecho, estabelecida através da curva de Kaplan-Mayer. Foram assumidos valores de p < 0,005 como os de significância estatística. Resultados: Todos eram homens, com idade de 45,4 + 11 anos, sendo o extrativismo mineral responsável por 44,0% das ocupações. O padrão restritivo observado em 65,4 % dos casos onde 82,3% destes tinham CVF < 40,0% do previsto (CVF de 27,07 + 16,0%) com DLCO 39 + 6,2%, demostrando limitação funcional importante, marcada por uma distância percorrida no TC6M muito curta, 267,4 + 104,5 metros com dessaturação de 10,7 + 5,4%. A história de tabagismo foi observada em 46,2% e de tuberculose em 34,6%. A sobrevida global dos pacientes listados foi de 693,5 (46 – 5.250) dias, todavia no subgrupo dos pacientes transplantados foi de 1.226 (60 – 5.250) dias contra 288 (46 – 1.333) dias nos não transplantados (p= 0,002). A sobrevida após o transplante foi 889 (3 – 5.176) dias, sendo de 85,7% no 1o mês, 69% no 1o ano, 44,0% em três anos e 25,0% em cinco. Apenas o tempo de isquemia foi significamente maior no grupo que faleceu (p= 0,042), entretanto, na análise multivariada, pôde-se perceber que o tempo de isquemia (p= 000, Ro= - 0,842), o tempo de ventilação mecânica (p= 0,045, Ro= - 0,507) e o tempo de permanência dos drenos (p= 0,025, Ro= - 0,558), tiveram impacto negativo sobre a sobrevida. Conclusão: Embora ainda não sejam claros os critérios de indicação de transplante em silicose avançada, observamos que os pacientes mais emagrecidos e possivelmente desnutridos, assim como aqueles com pior função pulmonar, tendem a morrer mais precocemente sem o procedimento. Por outro lado, no grupo de pacientes operados, um tempo de isquemia prolongado, o sangramento transoperatório (desde o ato cirúrgico até a retirada dos drenos) visto através da permanência dos drenos de tórax e a duraçao da ventilação mecânica invasiva, estiveram relacionados com óbito. Ainda que esta série seja a maior encontrada de transplante pulmonar por silicose realizada em um único centro, um número maior de pacientes deve ser estudado e acompanhados para que estas e outras questões possam ser elucidadas. / Background: Occupational respiratory diseases are a serious public health problem in Brazil. Silicosis is the most prevalent pneumoconiosis, considered the leading cause of disability among occupational respiratory diseases. It may develop a severe form of lung fibrosis, leading to chronic respiratory failure, where only therapy that can re-establish the quality of life, and thus prolong the survival of these individuals is lung transplantation. Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of lung transplantation performed in patients with silicosis in terminal stage, comparing the changes in lung function among those undergoing surgery with those who did not undergo surgery, and detect prognostic factors that may influence the survival of patients undergoing this procedure. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review for key words “lung transplantation”, “silicosis”, “survival”, and found 40 articles, wherin 13 adressed this specific theme, and only five exclusivelly to lung transplantation due advanced (end-stage) silicosis. Then, we retrospectively studied the medical records of 26 patients listed for lung tranplante by pulmonary silicosis in terminal stage, in the period from January 1989 to June 2015 by the Lung Transplant group of Santa Casa de Porto Alegre - RS. Epidemiological characteristics, lung function measurements analyzed by spirometry, 6-minute walk test, carbon monoxide diffusion test, pressure measurements of the pulmonary artery, were compared between the transplant versus not transplantation groups. Categorical variables expressed as absolute numbers and/or percentage. The small sample size was not sufficient to ensure the normality, and data were analyzed using non-parametric tests of the chi-square (x2), Mann Whitnney, test and Friedman test. For paired analysis, the Wilcoxon test was used. Sample less than 5, Fisher's exact test was used. The variables analyzed related to mortality were studied by Spearman correlation. The survival rate until the outcome, established by Kaplan- Mayer curve. Values os p <0.005 assumed as statistical significance. Results: All were men, aged 45.4 + 11 years, the mineral extraction accounted for 44.0% of occupation. The restrictive pattern observed in 65.4% of cases where 82.3% of them had FVC <40.0% of predicted (FVC 27.1+ 16,0%) with DLCO 39 + 6.2%, showing significant functional limitation, marked by a very short distance in the 6MWT, 267.4 + 104.5 meters with desaturation 10.7 + 5.4%. A history of smoking was observed in 46.2% and tuberculosis in 34.6%. The overall survival of patients was found 693.5 (46 - 5,250) days, however the subgroup of transplant patients was 1.226 (60 - 5,250) against 288 days (46 - 1,333) in the non-transplanted days (p = 0.002). The survival after transplantation was 889 (3 - 5.176) days, and 85.7% were alive at the first month, 69.0% at 1st year, 44.0% at three years, and 25.0% at five. Only the ischemic time was significantly higher in patients who died (p = 0.042), however, in the multivariate analysis, it was possible to realize that the ischemic time (p = 000, rs = - 0.842), the duration of mechanical ventilation ( p = 0.045, rs = - 0.507) and the drains length of stay (p = 0.025, rs = - 0.558), had a negative impact on survival. Conclusion: Although advanced silicosis in transplant indication criteria are still unclear, we found that the most emaciated and possibly malnourished patients, and those with poor lung function, tend to die earlier without the procedure. On the other hand, those that were operated, a prolonged ischemic time, intraoperative bleeding (from the surgery to the removal of drains) seen through the permanence of thoracic drains, and the duration of mechanical ventilation, were related to death. Although this series is the largest found related to lung transplantation due end stage silicosis performed at a single center, a larger number of patients should be studied and monitored for these and other questions can be clarified.

The Swedish Social Insurance agency has a need to develop a dynamic system to manage employee holidays. Today, all information about employee holidays ar stored in in diffrent holiday lists and takes form of documents such as Excel spreadsheets. This creates unnecessary administrative work and frustration, so the need for a common vacation list exist. A list that contains all employees of the Swedish Social Insurance Agency, which can be shaped as needed. The list should be able to be filtered so that only those people who are of interest to the user are displayed. The user should also be able to easily save the his/hers vaca- tion days. After the agile meetings with the clients of the agency, could a solu- tion be developed. This solution is based on an external code library named Te- lerik, and store employees holidays in a single database. This solution can be added to the Social Insurance Agency's intranet FIA, so that it is easily acces- sible for employees. The new holidays list's design was chosen from the clients wishes and the guidelines of how a good design should be. At present there is no license on the insurance agency to use Telerik, but this solution was chosen anyway because it was considered the best approach for this project. If the solu- tion is selected as the new system for storing holidays, there is an opportunity to continue the project by buying a license for Telerik, add up the vacation list of FIA and use personal data from the Social Insurance Agency's database so all employees are included. / På Försäkringskassan finns behovet av att ta fram ett dynamiskt system för att hantera de anställdas semester. Idag sparas all information om ledighet i semes- terlistor på olika vis i form av dokument som till exempel Microsoft Excel-ark. Detta skapar onödigt administrativt arbete och frustration, så behovet av en ge- mensam semesterlista finns. En lista som innehåller samtliga anställda på För- säkringskassan, och som kan formas efter behov. Listan ska kunna filtreras så att endast de personer som är intressanta för användaren ska visas. De ska också enkelt kunna spara användarens ledigheter. Efter agila möten med beställare kunde en lösning tas fram. Denna lösning har sin grund i ett externt kod-biblio- tek vid namn Telerik, och lagrar anställdas ledigheter i en enda databas. Denna lösning går att lägga upp på Försäkringskassans intranät FIA, så att den blir lätt- åtkomlig för de anställda. Semesterlistans design valdes från beställarnas önske- mål. I nuläget finns ingen licens på Försäkringskassan för att använda Telerik, men denna lösning valdes ändå eftersom det ansågs vara det bästa tillväga- gångssättet för detta projekt. Ifall lösningen väljs till det nya systemet för att lagra ledigheter finns det möjlighet att fortsätta projektet, genom att köpa en li- cens för Telerik, lägga upp semesterlistan på FIA och använda persondata från Försäkringskassans databas för att samtliga anställda ska finnas med.

Abstract Iterative receiver techniques, multiple-input – multiple-output (MIMO) processing, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are amongst the key physical layer technologies when aiming at higher spectral efficiency for a wireless communication system. Special focus is put on iterative detection, decoding, and channel estimation for a MIMO-OFDM system. After designing separately efficient algorithms for the detection, channel decoding, and channel estimation, the objective is to optimize them to work together through optimizing the activation schedules for soft-in soft-out (SfISfO) components. A list parallel interference cancellation (PIC) detector is derived to approximate an a posteriori probability (APP) algorithm with reduced complexity and minimal loss of performance. It is shown that the list PIC detector with good initialization outperforms the K-best list sphere detector (LSD) in the case of small list sizes, whereas the complexities of the algorithms are of the same order. The convergence of the iterative detection and decoding is improved by using a priori information to also recalculate the candidate list, aside from the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) of the coded bits. Unlike in pilot based channel estimation, the least-squares (LS) channel estimator based on symbol decisions requires a matrix inversion in MIMO-OFDM. The frequency domain (FD) space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) channel estimator calculates the LS estimate iteratively, avoiding the matrix inversion with constant envelope modulation. The performance and computational complexity of the FD-SAGE channel estimator are compared to those of pilot based LS channel estimation with minimum mean square error (MMSE) post-processing exploiting the time correlation of the channel. A time domain (TD) SAGE channel estimator is derived to avoid the matrix inversion in channel estimation based on symbol decisions for MIMO-OFDM systems also with non-constant envelope modulation. An obvious problem, with more than two blocks in an iterative receiver, is to find the optimal activation schedule of the different blocks. It is proposed to use extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts to characterize the behavior of the receiver blocks and to find out the optimal activation schedule for them. A semi-analytical expression of the EXIT function is derived for the LS channel estimator. An algorithm is proposed to generate the EXIT function of the APP algorithm as a function of the channel estimate’s mutual information (MI). Surface fitting is used to get closed form expressions for the EXIT functions of the APP algorithm and the channel decoder. Trellis search algorithms are shown to find the convergence with the lowest possible complexity using the EXIT functions. With the proposed concept, the activation scheduling can be adapted to prevailing channel circumstances and unnecessary iterations will be avoided.