<p><strong>Syfte:</strong> Att undersöka vad ambulanssjuksköterskor upplever kan finnas för problemområden vid arbete på skadeplats med maximalt fyra drabbade.</p><p><strong>Metod:</strong> Studien har en kvalitativ ansats. Nio ambulanssjuksköterskor i Uppsala, mellan 27 och 53 år, intervjuades. Ett bekvämlighetsurval gjordes. Tillstånd för studien anskaffades hos ambulansstationens verksamhetschef. Intervjuerna var semistrukturerade och spelades in med ljudupptagning. Intervjuerna transkriberades sedan och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet gav 11 kategorier och 19 underkategorier.<strong>Resultat:</strong> Prehospitala problem på skadeplats är mörker, dåligt väder samt trafik. Prehospital sjukvårdsledning används inte i tillräcklig mån. Mental förberedelse är viktigt inför ankomst till skadeplats. Det nya radiosystemet fungerar inte optimalt och därmed försvåras kommunikationen mellan ambulans, räddningstjänst och polis. Samarbetet med räddningstjänst på skadeplats behöver förbättras. Mer interprofessionell övning och utbildning efterfrågas. De svåraste patientgrupperna är barn samt traumafall. <strong>Slutsats:</strong> Prehospital sjukvårdsledning används för lite vid arbetet på en mindre skadeplats. Radiosystemet fungerar inte optimalt och det försvårar kommunikationen och samarbetet mellan ambulans, polis och räddningstjänst. Mer övning och utbildning behövs kring barn samt trauma. Mer interprofessionell övning och gemensamma utbildningar efterfrågas.</p> / <p>Purpose: <strong>To study problems that ambulance nurses experience at the scene of accident with a maximum of four affected persons. </strong>Methods:<strong> The study is qualitative. N</strong><strong>ine ambulance nurses in Uppsala, between 27 and 53 years, were interviewed. A convenience sample was chosen. The semi-structured interviews were sound recorded. Permission was acquired from the ambulance manager. After transcription a qualitative content analysis was performed. 11 categories and 19 subcategories were found. </strong>Results:<strong> Pre-hospital problems are bad weather and traffic. Pre-hospital leadership is not used enough. Mental preparation is important before arrival at scene of accident. The new radio communication system is not working properly, which hinders interprofessional communication. Collaboration with the rescue service needs to be improved. </strong><strong>The ambulance nurses request more training and education together with the other professions. The most demanding patient groups are children and trauma cases. </strong>Conclusions:<strong> Pre-hospital leadership is not used enough at a small scene of accident. The new radio system is not working properly which hinders the interprofessional communication. More training and education is needed when it comes to children and trauma. The ambulance nurses request more inter professional training and joint education. </strong></p>

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of the recruitment process and its complexity. The study also aims to examine whether there are any problem areas with a recruitment process which is emotionally based and if so, how these can be resolved. Four issues have been presented, in regard to solving the study’s purpose and problem definition. Theoretical framework: The chapter begins by briefly illustrate the concept of employee turnover and the economic aspects a staff turnover can bring. Thereafter, the importance of a formal preparatory work for recruitment is presented. The chapter concludes by explaining the concepts of competence, corporate culture and introduces some common sources of error. Method: This study follows a qualitative method and the research approach is interactive induction. Conclusion: The earlier research presented in the study is adaptable to the investigated company. Through analysis, the authors have been able to draw conclusions that the investigated company has a lack of structure in both the preparation of recruitment and selection of candidates. The result also shows that there is inadequate knowledge of the consequences of miscalculation. Furthermore, the authors have found that the emotionally-based recruitment process involves several pitfalls, which can be pre-built with a more formal recruitment process. Finally, the authors present a proposal for improvements in the recruitment process for the investigated company, in the form of a model. / Syfte: Studiens syfte är att öka förståelsen för rekryteringsprocessen och dess komplexitet. Studien avser även att besvara problemformuleringen kring vilka problem som finns med en känslomässigt baserad rekryteringsprocess och hur dessa kan lösas. Fyra frågeställningar har även utarbetats i avseende att besvara studiens syfte och problemformulering.Teoretiskt perspektiv: Avsnittet inleds med att kort belysa begreppet personalomsättning och vilka ekonomiska aspekter personalomsättningen kan medföra. Därefter poängteras vikten av ett formellt förarbete inför en rekrytering. Kapitlet avslutas med att förklara begreppen kompetens, företagskultur samt presentera några vanliga felkällor. Metod: Studiens undersökning går efter en kvalitativ metodteori och studiens forskningsansats är interaktiv induktion. Slutsats: Studien visar på att presenterad tidigare forskning kring problematik gällande rekrytering även är applicerbart på det undersökta företaget. Genom analysen har författarna kunnat dra slutsatser att studiens företag har bristande struktur vid både förberedelserna av rekryteringen och urvalet av kandidater. Studien påvisar även att det finns bristfällig kunskap om konsekvensen av felbedömningar. Vidare har författarna funnit att känslomässigt baserade rekryteringsprocesser innebär flera fallgropar, vilka kan förbyggas med en formell rekryteringsprocess. Slutligen har författarna presenterat ett förbättringsförslag till studiens företags rekryteringsprocess, i form av en modell

Syfte: Att undersöka vad ambulanssjuksköterskor upplever kan finnas för problemområden vid arbete på skadeplats med maximalt fyra drabbade. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ ansats. Nio ambulanssjuksköterskor i Uppsala, mellan 27 och 53 år, intervjuades. Ett bekvämlighetsurval gjordes. Tillstånd för studien anskaffades hos ambulansstationens verksamhetschef. Intervjuerna var semistrukturerade och spelades in med ljudupptagning. Intervjuerna transkriberades sedan och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet gav 11 kategorier och 19 underkategorier.Resultat: Prehospitala problem på skadeplats är mörker, dåligt väder samt trafik. Prehospital sjukvårdsledning används inte i tillräcklig mån. Mental förberedelse är viktigt inför ankomst till skadeplats. Det nya radiosystemet fungerar inte optimalt och därmed försvåras kommunikationen mellan ambulans, räddningstjänst och polis. Samarbetet med räddningstjänst på skadeplats behöver förbättras. Mer interprofessionell övning och utbildning efterfrågas. De svåraste patientgrupperna är barn samt traumafall. Slutsats: Prehospital sjukvårdsledning används för lite vid arbetet på en mindre skadeplats. Radiosystemet fungerar inte optimalt och det försvårar kommunikationen och samarbetet mellan ambulans, polis och räddningstjänst. Mer övning och utbildning behövs kring barn samt trauma. Mer interprofessionell övning och gemensamma utbildningar efterfrågas. / Purpose: To study problems that ambulance nurses experience at the scene of accident with a maximum of four affected persons. Methods: The study is qualitative. Nine ambulance nurses in Uppsala, between 27 and 53 years, were interviewed. A convenience sample was chosen. The semi-structured interviews were sound recorded. Permission was acquired from the ambulance manager. After transcription a qualitative content analysis was performed. 11 categories and 19 subcategories were found. Results: Pre-hospital problems are bad weather and traffic. Pre-hospital leadership is not used enough. Mental preparation is important before arrival at scene of accident. The new radio communication system is not working properly, which hinders interprofessional communication. Collaboration with the rescue service needs to be improved. The ambulance nurses request more training and education together with the other professions. The most demanding patient groups are children and trauma cases. Conclusions: Pre-hospital leadership is not used enough at a small scene of accident. The new radio system is not working properly which hinders the interprofessional communication. More training and education is needed when it comes to children and trauma. The ambulance nurses request more inter professional training and joint education. 

The purpose of this study was to identify the major problem areas of freshmen community college students and to determine if significant differences in problems of freshmen students existed as a variable of age, sex, or marital status. The population consisted of 674 community college students enrolled in an Orientation to College program during the fall or spring semester of 1976, 1977, 1978 or 1979. Each student was administered the Mooney Problem Check List (MPCL), College Form (1950) during the first week of enrollment at the community college. he data were analyzed in order to determine if a significant difference existed in the problem areas reported by students according to a Friedman Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks. A significant difference produced by the Friedman ANOVA indicated a need to apply a Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Ranks Test in order to determine which problem areas differed significantly from one another. A Mann Whitney U Test was employed to statistically compare the problem areas of male students and female students as well as married students and single students. A Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks for k independent samples was employed to test differences in the responses of four student age groups: 18 and under, 19 and 20, 20 through 29 and 30 years of age and over.

This study investigates what can cause significant gaps in grammatical knowledge in a class of English 5 and how such gaps can be healed or avoided. By triangulating results from two diagnostic tests, a focus group of pupils and a semi-structured interview with their teacher, data were analysed statistically and through a phenomenographic perspective.  The results expose grammatical gaps concerning genitive construction, relative pronouns, and tag construction. Moreover, the pupils’ experiences from earlier grammar teaching and learning indicate that cause, development, and possible healing of grammatical gaps are related to how grammar seldom is discussed or practised in school. Furthermore, the teacher’s experiences show how pupils and groups typically unaffected by grammatical issues now are involved and that extensive repair efforts are needed. In conclusion, the results and analysis suggest that grammatical gaps may be related to three main issues: how communicational theory within the syllabi is intended, how it is understood and then brought to the classroom and how teaching professionals’ schooling and tradition related to grammar teaching and testing may affect the outcome of the communicational classroom. If managed, they can be the key to bridging grammatical gaps in the future.

With the rising age of marriage and previous research failing to address a more detailed look at more descriptive measures of satisfaction, the current study examined the association between age of first marriage and marital stability, satisfaction, sexual satisfaction and frequency, effective communication, conflict, and problem areas. Results from a sample of 470 participants who completed the RELATE Questionnaire indicated that across the board, those who married from ages 20-24 had better marital outcomes than those who delayed marriage until their thirties and beyond. These results fit a possible theory of explanation that when it comes to age of marriage, a "balanced is better" approach may be more beneficial to couples when it comes to successful marriages.

Construction contracts are one of the most important tools in the construction sector. They define the various aspects, obligations and relations between each party that are necessary to reach a common expected goal. They contribute to successful completion of projects. Turkish construction companies have successfully completed many projects in domestic and international venues and gained important experience in this respect / however, they still encounter problems in application. The aim of this study was: - to analyze Yapim &amp / #272 / slerine Ait Tip S&ouml / zlesme (Standard Contract for Construction Works, YIATS) of Kamu &amp / #272 / hale Kurumu (Public Procurement Authority KIK) and F&eacute / d&eacute / ration Internationale des Ing&eacute / nieurs-Conseils (International Federation of Consulting Engineers, FIDIC) standard contract for construction / - to identify problem areas and their causes in application of contracts / - to compare YIATS and FIDIC contracts with respect to problem areas / - to analyze views, experiences and recommendations of companies about YIATS and FIDIC contracts. In this study, based on survey conducted on contract literature, questionnaire was applied to member companies of T&uuml / rk M&uuml / teahhitler Birligi (the Turkish Contractors&rsquo / Association, TMB). Applied standard contracts, Court of Cessation decisions and International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) arbitration awards were analyzed to determine problem areas. Telephonic and face-to-face interviews were performed with staff of companies for further information on their answers, their opinions and recommendations on problem areas. Additionally, hypotheses were tested: to determine the effect of existence of clauses on exposure of contractors to consequences of problems emerged in execution phase of contract / to analyze relationship between problems encountered in FIDIC or YIATS and financial, temporal and non-compliance problem areas / to analyze effect of cost determination method on emergence of problems related to these areas. These studies revealed main problem areas as: financial, temporal and non-compliance issues.

The purpose of this study is to investigate which factors have been important for young men from the Järva-area to not develop a criminal lifestyle. The study also examines what it means for the interviewees to live in the Järva-area. This is to find out if the Järva-area has limited the interviewees or given them skills. This is because the Järva-area has been classified in media as a problem area. Which means that the people of Järva are stigmatized and stamped. The study is qualitatively designed, and the empirical material is collected from six interviews. All participants are young men aged 20–35 who grew up in different areas around the Järva field. The results of the collected empirical evidence suggest that family and friendships are the most important factors for the young men to not end up choosing a criminal lifestyle. The place Järva has meant an incredible sense of community for all participants in the explicit exclusion of society. The participants experience the most stigmatization and stamping when they are in surroundings outside of the Järva community. Growing up in Järva does not mean that all young men become criminals. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka faktorer som varit av betydelse för att unga vuxna män från Järvaområdet inte ska utveckla en kriminell livsstil. Studien undersöker även vad det innebär för intervjupersonerna att bo i Järvafältet och hur bostadsområdet begränsar och möjliggör olika förutsättningar. Eftersom Järvaområdet inom den mediala sfären klassats som ett problemområde, har detta lett till att Järvaborna stämplats och stigmatiserats av. Studien är kvalitativt utformad och det empiriska materialet är insamlad med hjälp av fem intervjuer. Samtliga intervjupersoner är unga vuxna män i åldrarna 20–35 som växt upp i olika områden i Järvafältet. Resultatet av den insamlade empirin tyder på att familj och vänskapsrelationer är de mest betydelsefulla faktorerna för att de unga vuxna männen inte hamnat i kriminella livsbanor. Platsen Järva har för intervjupersonerna inneburit en gemenskap i det upplevda utanförskapet. Stigmatisering och stämplingen har upplevts som starkast när intervjupersonerna befunnit sig utanför Järvaområdet. Att växa upp i Järvafältet innebär inte att alla unga vuxna män blir kriminella.

The issue of new teachers has been studied many times, but not always without distinguishing various levels of education. The general focus teachers in the first grade of primary school is unique as it is associated with different university training for this profession . This thesis deals with the problems faced by students of Teaching at primary school, and they are already employed in some elementary school. The aim is also to find out how they solve these problems, who helps them with their problems and how beneficial was study at a university in the context of joining the practice. The theoretical part is devoted to chapters relating to issues of new teacher and there is mentioned the legal issues associated with this issue. In the practical part is used questionnaire and interview which finding the problematic areas in terms of beginning teachers at the primary school, with whom they cooperate with their problems and if somebody other helps them with this than giving teachers. These results are partially matched well with a group of beginning teachers without degrees division in which taught. Respondents also expressed their opinion on the quality of higher education in this field.

Chronic diseases such as diabetes have become increasingly prominent around the world. Diabetes care requires a combination of medication, exercise, diet, self-management education, and psychosocial care to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Following this strict regimen can have an adverse effect on the patient's quality of life. Quality of life is a broad concept that is difficult to define and study. This study focused on the health-related component of quality of life. Diabetes is reaching epidemic proportions in Kuwait. While the incidence of the disease is documented, little is known about its effect on the life of the Kuwaiti population. This is partly due to the lack of valid Arabic versions of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct validity of two HRQOL measures in a sample of older adults in Kuwait with Type 2 diabetes. The two measures were the Short Form 36-Item Health Survey version 2.0, a generic measure, and the Problem Areas in Diabetes survey, a disease-specific measure. A total of 240 Kuwaiti citizens over the age of 55 years living in Kuwait City participated in this study. Participants were divided into two groups: the Diabetes Group included 120 older adults with diabetes and the Control Group included 120 older adults without diabetes. Three approaches were used to assess the construct validity of the Arabic versions of the SF-36v2 Health Survey and the Problem Areas in Diabetes survey: factor analysis, correlation, and known-group method. The results of this study support the use of the Arabic versions of the two surveys to measure HRQOL of older adults in Kuwait with Type 2 diabetes. Standards for construct validity were well met, with few exceptions. / Physical Therapy