The purpose of this paper is to discuss different translation strategies that may be used in translation from English to Swedish of a text on Country & Western costuming. The focus will be on terminology, metaphors, and similes. In order to discuss the terminology, the metaphors, and simile, an English text has been translated into Swedish. To ensure a correct understanding of the source text, different dictionaries, encyclopaedias, various search engines and viewing services online have been very useful throughout the translation process. Corpora together with retailers’ web sites have also been valuable sources in providing variation and nuances to the translated text. Different sources on translation theory have also been reviewed; Newmark (1988) and Vinay and Darbelnet (1995). Terms have been selected out of their typical characteristic of being Western wear, and metaphors and simile out of their context to Western wear clothing. The results of the analysis show that a translator does not make use of one translation procedure when translating, but several. Which procedure that will be carried out is dependent on the context of the source text, the readership of the target text, the source text’s degree of specificity of the terminology, the source text’s imagery of the metaphors and simile, and the translator’s interpretation of the source text.

The present study combines quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate translation strategies applied in a translation of a few chapters in Cat Counsellor, which is a book about cat behaviour. A cognitive approach and translation strategies are the focus of this essay, which arrives at the conclusion that figurative language in general, and conceptual metaphors and hyperboles in particular, are used to manipulate, or rather convince readers of Cat Counsellor of a certain outlook. The translation strategies investigated in this essay are literal translation, transference translation and meaning translation. Of these translation strategies literal translation was applied 70% of the time, which indicates that similar cultures use similar figurative language. It also indicates that the target text and language often benefit from new figurative language rendered in the source language and source text. An important conclusion is that metaphorical language, such as conceptual metaphors and hyperboles may seem easy to translate, while in fact concepts can vary across cultures, which indicate that the translator carefully has to consider his or her translation choices in order to produce an accurate translation.

This paper is about the handling of challenging terminology within the technical field of structural engineering. The translation of two texts on structural systems "Antiquated Structural Systems Series", published in STRUCTURE magazine, serves as the basis for this study. The analysis focuses on the search and textual strategies for a selection of difficult terms. The terms are divided into four groups: terms with no Swedish equivalent; terms with more than one Swedish equivalent; acronyms; and measurements. The analysis shows that the search strategies are the same, regardless of term type, and that they involve many steps, including looking for terms in dictionaries and term banks; comparing terms in encyclopedias and parallel texts; and confirming usage. The textual strategies that were helpful in the translation were procedures based on the theories of Vinay and Darbelnet (in Munday 2008) and Ingo (2007), such as literal translation, borrowing, calque, adaptation and addition. The result shows that the chosen textual strategy for each challenging term differed greatly and depended on, for example, context and translator preference.

La présente étude porte sur la manière dont est abordée la répétition dans la traduction anglaise du Bourgeois gentilhomme de Molière (1670), pièce de théâtre où la répétition lexicale et syntaxique foisonne. Pour ce faire, nous faisons une analyse contrastive de neuf versions anglaises de la pièce que nous comparons à l’original ainsi que les unes aux autres. Cette analyse qui prend comme fil conducteur la théorie de Berman aussi bien d’un point de vue théorique (la traduction de la lettre) que pratique (la critique des traductions et les tendances déformantes) nous permet de dégager les grandes tendances de chacune des traductions et, de ce fait, d’approfondir et de nuancer la réflexion sur la traduction littérale, en remettant en perspective la littéralité comme la solution la plus adéquate pour le traitement de phénomènes relevant de la forme dans un discours, tels que la répétition. / This study examines the treatment of repetition in the English translations of Moliere’s play Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, a text where lexical and syntactic repetitions abound. This research is conducted by way of a contrastive analysis of nine English versions of the play that we compare to the original and to each other. Based on Berman’s principles both from a theoretical point of view (the translation of the letter) and a practical one (evaluation of translation and deforming tendencies), this analysis allows us to identify the general patterns of each translation, and thereby, deepen and nuance thinking about literal translation while reasserting the status of literalism as the most adequate solution for the handling of phenomena pertaining to the form of a given text or discourse, such as repetition.

<p>This essay is a qualitative descriptive translation study concerning two translations of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet into Swedish. The purpose of the study is to investigate the translational behaviour of the translators and the translation norms that govern this behaviour.</p><p>By thoroughly analysing stretches of the play, the study will attempt to locate translation shifts (linguistic changes) that occur in the translation from the source text to the target text. These changes are connected with the translators’ fidelity towards e.g. the metre of the verse or the sense transfer of puns. The analysis also comprises a survey of the translation norms that the translators adhere to. These norms, stated by the translators themselves, are connected to their translation approach. Thus, the study will reveal the differences of translation behaviour and analyse them from a wider perspective. The translations were made around 1840 and in 1982, respectively. The considerable space in time in itself suggests that linguistic differences will occur. However, the study will also find differences as regards the purposes of the translations. The older translation appears to be performed in a tradition of fidelity to the written text and its literary qualities, whereas the modern translation clearly has the purpose of being used for the stage performance. The latter is stated by the translator himself, who also argues that Shakespeare is to be considered drama and not literature.</p>

<p>Idioms are found in every language and learning them is an important aspect of the mastery of a language. The English language is no exception as it contains a large number of idioms, which are extensively used. However, because of their rather rigid structure and quite unpredictable meaning, idioms are often considered difficult to learn. Although little research has been done to date on the nature of idioms as well as how they are used, a better understanding of variations in idioms can nevertheless be acquired by looking at some theories and thoughts about their use and their structure.</p><p>The aim of this paper is to examine a number of animal idioms, focusing primarily on English idioms and the similarities and differences found in equivalent Swedish idioms, even when the Swedish idioms do not contain an animal. Two types of studies are presented. In the first one, the English and Swedish animal idioms collected are grouped into four categories. The results of such a categorization show that half of the English animal idioms found have an equivalent in Swedish containing an animal. In the second study, the content, structure, wording, semantics and metaphorical meaning of the animal idioms are analysed and compared. The results indicate that the Swedish animal idioms that correspond to the English animal idioms have, for the most part, the same structures and similar variations in degree of literalness, fixity, manipulation and transformation. Furthermore, the use of metaphor, personification and simile appears to be common both in English and Swedish animal idioms. The role of context and literal and figurative translation are also addressed in this study.</p>

Idioms are found in every language and learning them is an important aspect of the mastery of a language. The English language is no exception as it contains a large number of idioms, which are extensively used. However, because of their rather rigid structure and quite unpredictable meaning, idioms are often considered difficult to learn. Although little research has been done to date on the nature of idioms as well as how they are used, a better understanding of variations in idioms can nevertheless be acquired by looking at some theories and thoughts about their use and their structure. The aim of this paper is to examine a number of animal idioms, focusing primarily on English idioms and the similarities and differences found in equivalent Swedish idioms, even when the Swedish idioms do not contain an animal. Two types of studies are presented. In the first one, the English and Swedish animal idioms collected are grouped into four categories. The results of such a categorization show that half of the English animal idioms found have an equivalent in Swedish containing an animal. In the second study, the content, structure, wording, semantics and metaphorical meaning of the animal idioms are analysed and compared. The results indicate that the Swedish animal idioms that correspond to the English animal idioms have, for the most part, the same structures and similar variations in degree of literalness, fixity, manipulation and transformation. Furthermore, the use of metaphor, personification and simile appears to be common both in English and Swedish animal idioms. The role of context and literal and figurative translation are also addressed in this study.

This essay is a qualitative descriptive translation study concerning two translations of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet into Swedish. The purpose of the study is to investigate the translational behaviour of the translators and the translation norms that govern this behaviour. By thoroughly analysing stretches of the play, the study will attempt to locate translation shifts (linguistic changes) that occur in the translation from the source text to the target text. These changes are connected with the translators’ fidelity towards e.g. the metre of the verse or the sense transfer of puns. The analysis also comprises a survey of the translation norms that the translators adhere to. These norms, stated by the translators themselves, are connected to their translation approach. Thus, the study will reveal the differences of translation behaviour and analyse them from a wider perspective. The translations were made around 1840 and in 1982, respectively. The considerable space in time in itself suggests that linguistic differences will occur. However, the study will also find differences as regards the purposes of the translations. The older translation appears to be performed in a tradition of fidelity to the written text and its literary qualities, whereas the modern translation clearly has the purpose of being used for the stage performance. The latter is stated by the translator himself, who also argues that Shakespeare is to be considered drama and not literature.

This thesis examines translation strategies for translating figurative language with a focus on metaphors, idioms, and phrasal verbs. Translators often state that figurative language presents challenges in the translation process. This is mainly because the translator must consider the language’s pragmatic, cognitive, and aesthetic functions. This analysis combines a modified translation approach based on Liu and Zhang (2005), Newmark (1988) as well as Lakoff and Johnson (2003). Using the strategies literal translation, transference, meaning translation, omission, and addition to reduce the loss between the source and target texts, this paper seeks to map how frequently these strategies are applied in the translation of metaphors, idioms, and phrasal verbs in the source text. This paper also discusses any potential problems arising in conjunction with these strategies. The findings of this analysis show that literal translation is the most commonly used translation strategy, in line with Liu and Zhang’s recommendations (2005). Overall, the second most frequently used strategy is transference, followed by meaning translation. This analysis also highlights interesting research gaps regarding omission and addition and encourages further research on these subjects. Greater knowledge and application of these strategies could lead not only to a better and more efficient target text but also a target text that is closer in word count to the original, thereby reducing the expansion of the source text.

This paper contains an overview of some of the main 20th Century tendencies in translation theory. It focus especially on matters of equivalence, dynamic equivalence, formal equivalence, skopos, abusive fidelity and foreignizing translation or resistant translation and their implications for actual translations. This paper also includes translations prepared according to the principles of abusive fidelity, equivalence and dynamic equivalence, which are compared and commented.