As Industry 4.0 keeps approaching, the quality of data communication in industrial scenarios is increasingly important to support a high degree of automation and intelligence in factories. Wi-Fi 6E, the latest advanced wireless local-area network standard, comes with new 6 GHz unlicensed spectrum, a new access method named Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, and even more features. Accordingly, Wi-Fi 6E can be a promising candidate technology for an industrial wireless network. To fulfill industrial applications, Wi-Fi 6E is challenged with high communication requirements and a massive number of devices to support. Since the cutting-edge Wi- Fi 6E systems have not been widely deployed practically, simulations are required to evaluate the performance of Wi-Fi 6E in industrial scenarios. Based on an event-based simulator from Ericsson, we performed simulations covering not only single access point scenarios with periodic traffic, but also scenarios where multiple applications and generations of Wi-Fi systems coexist. Finally, a large-area industry scenario with frequency planning applied was evaluated. Through simulation results and analysis, we conclude that Wi-Fi 6E performs well in most of our tested scenarios. Compared to legacy Wi-Fi 5,Wi-Fi 6E performs better when subject to uplink traffic, and is more suitable for handling a massive number of devices or high packet rate traffic due to its unique multi-user accessing. However, Wi-Fi 6E can have poor performance when performing multi-user transmission with applications that have complex traffic and millisecond-level latency requirement. In some cases, Wi-Fi 6E performs worse than Wi-Fi 5 while handling multiple applications whose packet sizes vary a lot. Moreover, with the increase in factory scales, Wi-Fi 6E can have a magnificent performance drop, almost 100%, through the regulatory requirements in the new 6 GHz unlicensed band. / När Industri 4.0 fortsätter att närma sig blir datakommunikationens kvalitet i industriella scenarier allt viktigare för att stödja en hög grad av automatisering och intelligens i fabriker. Wi-Fi 6E, den senaste avancerade standarden för trådlöst lokalt nätverk, kommer med ett nytt 6 GHz olicensierat spektrum, en ny åtkomstmetod som heter Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access och ännu fler funktioner. Följaktligen kan Wi-Fi 6E vara en lovande kandidatteknik för ett industriellt trådlöst nätverk. För att uppfylla industriella applikationer utmanas Wi-Fi 6E med höga kommunikationskrav och ett stort antal enheter att stödja. Eftersom de banbrytande Wi-Fi 6E systemen inte har använts i stor utsträckning praktiskt taget, krävs simuleringar för att utvärdera prestandan för Wi-Fi 6E i industriella scenarier. Baserat på en händelsebaserad simulator från Ericsson utförde vi simuleringar som inte bara omfattar enstaka åtkomstpunktsscenarier med periodisk trafik, utan också scenarier där flera applikationer och generationer av Wi-Fi-system samexisterar. Slutligen utvärderades ett storindustriscenario med tillämpad frekvensplanering. Genom simuleringsresultat och analys drar vi slutsatsen att Wi-Fi 6E fungerar bra i de flesta av våra testade scenarier. Jämfört med äldre Wi-Fi 5, fungerar Wi-Fi 6E bättre när den utsätts för upplänkstrafik och är mer lämpad för att hantera ett stort antal enheter eller hög pakettrafik på grund av dess unika åtkomst för flera användare. Wi-Fi 6E kan dock ha dålig prestanda vid överföring av fleranvändare med applikationer som har komplex trafik och krav på latens på millisekundnivå. I vissa fall fungerar Wi-Fi 6E sämre än Wi-Fi 5 när hanterar flera applikationer vars paketstorlekar varierar mycket. Med ökningen av fabriksskalor kan Wi-Fi 6E dessutom ha en fantastisk prestandaförlust, nästan 100%, genom lagkraven för det nya 6 GHz-bandet utan licens.

[pt] O crescimento da Internet, tanto do ponto de vista do número de usuários como dos serviços oferecidos, e o rápido progresso da tecnologia de comunicação sem fio, tornou possível uma demanda crescente por sistemas sem fios que permitam o acesso a Internet. Porém, um dos principais fatores desafiadores para o desenvolvimento desta nova forma de acesso é a mobilidade das estações móveis. A fim de resolver todos os problemas relacionados à introdução da mobilidade nesta nova forma de acesso, a Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) através de pesquisas definiu o Mobile IP como o protocolo padrão para esse novo cenário. Embora este protocolo receba inúmeras contribuições que visam melhorar o seu desempenho tanto nas questões de handoff e de segurança dos registros dos usuários, este protocolo não recebe a mesma atenção para a questão da falha dos seus Agentes de Mobilidade. Estes agentes suportam as conexões das estações móveis integrando as redes sem fio com as redes IP amplamente difundida. Portanto, o objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar uma proposta de tolerância à falha dos Agentes de Mobilidade a fim de contribuir nesta linha de pesquisa. / [en] The growth of the Internet, as much of the point of view of the number of users as of the offered services, and the fast progress of the wireless communication technology, it became possible a demand for wireless systems that allow the access the Internet. However, one of the main challenging factors for the development this new access way is the mobility of the mobile stations. In order to solve all of the problems related to the introduction of the mobility in this new access form, the Internet Engineering Task Forces (IETF) through researches it defined Mobile IP as the standard protocol for that new scenery. Although this protocol receives countless contributions that seek to improve it so much acting in the handoff subjects and of safety of the users' registrations, this protocol doesn't receive the same attention for the subject of the fault of their Mobility Agents. These agents support the connections of the mobile stations integrating the wireless networks with IP netowrks spread. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation is to present a proposal of fault tolerance of the Mobility Agents in order to contribute in this research line.

The main objectives of this research are to investigate and design low profile antennas for mobile handsets applications using the balanced concept. These antennas are considered to cover a wide range of wireless standards such as: DCS (1710¿1880 MHz), PCS (1850¿1990 MHz), UMTS (1920¿2170 MHz), WLAN (2400¿2500 MHz and 5000 ¿ 5800 MHz) and UWB frequency bands. Various antennas are implemented based on built-in planar dipole with a folded arm structure. The performance of several designed antennas in terms of input return loss, radiation patterns, radiation efficiency and power gain are presented and several remarkable results are obtained. The measurements confirm the theoretical design concept and show reasonable agreement with computations. The stability performance of the proposed antenna is also evaluated by analysing the current distribution on the mobile phone ground plane. The specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of the antenna is also studied experimentally by measuring antenna near field exposure. The measurement results are correlated with the calculated ones. A new dual-band balanced antenna using coplanar waveguide structure is also proposed, discussed and tested; this is intended to eliminate the balanced feed network. The predicted and measured results show good agreement, confirming good impedance bandwidth characteristics and excellent dual-band performance. In addition, a hybrid method to model the human body interaction with a dual band balanced antenna structure covering the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands is presented. Results for several test cases of antenna locations on the body are presented and discussed. The near and far fields were incorporated to provide a full understanding of the impact on human tissue. The cumulative distribution function of the radiation efficiency and absorbed power are also evaluated. / UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)

The rapidly growing demand for UWB as high data rates wireless communications technology, since the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated the bandwidth of UWB from 3.1GHz to 10.6 GHz. Antenna also plays an essential role in UWB system. However, there are some difficulties in designing UWB antenna as compared to narrowband antenna. The primary requirement of UWB antennas is be able to operate over frequencies released by the FCC. Moreover, the satisfaction of radiation properties and good time domain performance over the entire frequency range are also necessary. In this thesis, designing and analysing printed crescent shape monopole antenna, Planar Inverted F-L Antenna (PIFLA) and Planar Inverted FF Antenna (PIFFA) are focused. A Planar Inverted FF Antenna (PIFFA) can be created to reduce the potential for interference between a UWB system and other communications protocols by using spiral slot. The antennas exhibits broadside directional pattern. The performances such as return loss, radiation pattern and current distribution of the UWB antennas are extensively investigated and carried out. All the results have been demonstrated using simulation and experimentally whereby all results satisfy the performance under - 10dB point in the bandwidth of UWB. In addition the miniaturization of MIMO/diversity Planar Inverted-F antenna (PIFA) which is suitable for pattern diversity in UWB applications is presented. This antenna assembly is formed by two identical PIFAs, a T-shaped decoupling structure which connects the two PIFAs and a finite ground plane with a total compact envelope dimension of 50 ¿ 90 ¿ 7.5mm3. The radiation performance of the proposed MIMO antenna was quite encouraging and provided an acceptable agreement between the computed and measured envelope correlation coefficient and channel capacity loss. / General Secretariat of Education and Scientific Research Libya

General Secretariat of Education and Scientific Research, Libya. / The only available copy is the print version kept in the J.B.Priestley Library for reference.

The objective of this work is to enhance the awareness of the indoor propagation behaviour, by a set of investigations including simulations and measurements. These investigations include indoor propagation behaviour, local mean power estimation, proposing new indoor path loss model and introducing a case study on 60 GHz propagation in indoor environments using ray tracing and measurements. A summary of propagation mechanisms and manifestations in the indoor environment is presented. This comprises the indoor localization techniques using channel parameters in terms of angle of arrival (AOA), time of arrival (TOA) and received signal strength (RSS). Different models of path loss, shadowing and fast fading mechanisms are explored. The concept of MIMO channels is studied using many types of deterministic channel modelling such as Finite Difference Time Domain, Ray tracing and Dominant path model. A comprehensive study on estimating local average of the received signal strength (RSS) for indoor multipath propagation is conducted. The effect of the required number of the RSS data and their Euclidian distances between the neighbours samples are investigated over 1D, 2D and 3D configurations. It was found that the effect of fast fading was reduced sufficiently using 2D horizontal’s arrangement with larger spacing configuration. A modified indoor path loss prediction model is presented namely effective wall loss model (EWLM). The modified model with wall correction factors is compared to other indoor path loss prediction models using simulation data (for 2.4, 5, 28, 60 and 73.5 GHz) and real-time measurements (for 2.4 and 5 GHz). Different operating frequencies and antenna polarizations are considered to verify the observations. In the simulation part, EWLM shows the best performance among other models. Similar observations were recorded from the experimental results. Finally, a detailed study on indoor propagation environment at 60 GHz is conducted. The study is supported by Line of Sight (LoS) and Non-LoS measurements data. The results were compared to the simulated ones using Wireless-InSite ray tracing software. Several experiments have confirmed the reliability of the modelling process based on adjusted material properties values from measurements.

Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna technology refers to an antenna with multiple radiators at both transmitter and receiver ends. It is designed to increase the data rate in wireless communication systems by achieving multiple channels occupying the same bandwidth in a multipath environment. The main drawback associated with this technology is the coupling between the radiating elements. A MIMO antenna system merely acts as an antenna array if the coupling between the radiating elements is high. For this reason, strong decoupling between the radiating elements should be achieved, in order to utilize the benefits of MIMO technology. The main objectives of this thesis are to investigate and implement several printed MIMO antenna geometries with integrated decoupling approaches for WLAN, WiMAX, and 5G applications. The characteristics of MIMO antenna performance have been reported in terms of scattering parameters, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), channel capacity loss (CCL), diversity gain (DG), antenna efficiency, antenna peak gain and antenna radiation patterns. Three new 2×2 MIMO array antennas are proposed, covering dual and multiple spectrum bandwidths for WLAN (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz) and WiMAX (3.5 GHz) applications. These designs employ a combination of DGS and neutralization line methods to reduce the coupling caused by the surface current in the ground plane and between the radiating antenna elements. The minimum achieved isolation between the MIMO antennas is found to be better than 15 dB and in some bands exceeds 30 dB. The matching impedance is improved and the correlation coefficient values achieved for all three antennas are very low. In addition, the diversity gains over all spectrum bands are very close to the ideal value (DG = 10 dB). The forth proposed MIMO antenna is a compact dual-band MIMO antenna operating at WLAN bands (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz). The antenna structure consists of two concentric double square rings radiating elements printed symmetrically. A new method is applied which combines the defected ground structure (DGS) decoupling method with five parasitic elements to reduce the coupling between the radiating antennas in the two required bands. A metamaterial-based isolation enhancement structure is investigated in the fifth proposed MIMO antenna design. This MIMO antenna consists of two dual-band arc-shaped radiating elements working in WLAN and Sub-6 GHz 5th generation (5G) bands. The antenna placement and orientation decoupling method is applied to improve the isolation in the second band while four split-ring resonators (SRRs) are added between the radiating elements to enhance the isolation in the first band. All the designs presented in this thesis have been fabricated and measured, with the simulated and measured results agreeing well in most cases. / Higher Committee for Education Development in Iraq (HCED)

Senior Health Care System (SHCS) is created for users to enter participants' conditions and store information in a central database. When users are ready for quarterly assessments the system generates a simple summary that can be reviewed, modified, and saved as part of the summary assessments, which are required by Federal and California law.

The main objectives of this research are to investigate and design low profile antennas for mobile handsets applications using the balanced concept. These antennas are considered to cover a wide range of wireless standards such as: DCS (1710-1880 MHz), PCS (1850-1990 MHz), UMTS (1920-2170 MHz), WLAN (2400-2500 MHz and 5000-5800 MHz) and UWB frequency bands. Various antennas are implemented based on built-in planar dipole with a folded arm structure. The performance of several designed antennas in terms of input return loss, radiation patterns, radiation efficiency and power gain are presented and several remarkable results are obtained. The measurements confirm the theoretical design concept and show reasonable agreement with computations. The stability performance of the proposed antenna is also evaluated by analysing the current distribution on the mobile phone ground plane. The specific absorption rate (SAR) performance of the antenna is also studied experimentally by measuring antenna near field exposure. The measurement results are correlated with the calculated ones. A new dual-band balanced antenna using coplanar waveguide structure is also proposed, discussed and tested; this is intended to eliminate the balanced feed network. The predicted and measured results show good agreement, confirming good impedance bandwidth characteristics and excellent dual-band performance. In addition, a hybrid method to model the human body interaction with a dual band balanced antenna structure covering the 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz bands is presented. Results for several test cases of antenna locations on the body are presented and discussed. The near and far fields were incorporated to provide a full understanding of the impact on human tissue. The cumulative distribution function of the radiation efficiency and absorbed power are also evaluated.

The procedures of the study are mainly through the review on the relevant reference documents related to the subject of those have been published domestically and internationally, meanwhile to get a better understanding on the most recent development on Information Technology and its associated models which are being applied to the customer relationship management by the organizations and/or business units in the world. Then, through the investigation and review on steel industries to understand the real situations domestically and internationally, specifically to focus on the Sheng Yu Steel Co., Ltd. As an example, for which to plan the implementation of Extranet System for the improvement of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) by using Information Technology, what problems it will be faced and how is the best strategyfor this implementation. Then after the completion of the study, to make a constructive recommendation to the Sheng Yu Steel Co., Ltd as an useful reference when the Extranet system to be planned and implementedfor. In Chapter-1 ¡©Introduction¡ª¡Ato descibe the backgroud, purposes, procedures and the limitation related to the study¡Fin Chapter-2, the major is concentrate on the review and understand on the relevant documents of the subject related¡Fin Chapter-3, specifically to focus on the existing situations of the steel industries and the Sheng Yu Steel Co., Ltd. how it is the current situation to the subject issue¡Fin Chapter-4, to have further investigation on recent situations for the use of Information Technology in Sheng Yu Steel Co., Ltd. to make a recommendation for their reference whn they plan for the implementation of Extranet System for the improvement of Customer Relationship Management¡Fand finally, in Chapter-5, to describe the findings and issues for whicht to be expected to have further study in the future to come up a generalized model for which can be applied to all companies not only for steel industies but also to all conventional enpterprises as an important and valuable reference guideline.