This paper deals with the monitoring of selected activities on portable mobile devices running Android and subsequent processing of data using a web application. Phone calls, text messages and location are meant by these activities. It introduces an existing application which serves to monitor. It also includes the analysis of monitoring capabilities of selected activities on mentioned devices. Then it includes a specification, design, implementation, demonstration and testing of a new system designed to monitoring activities and data processing.

Dans ce mémoire, je propose une nouvelle technique optique de mesure de positions relatives 3D, tailles et indices de réfraction d’un ensemble de particules, éclairées par un faisceau laser plan pulsé : l’imagerie interférométrique de Fourier (FII). Dans le cadre de ce travail, les particules sont sphériques, homogènes transparentes et isotropes. Lorsque ces particules sont éclairées, elles se comportent comme des sources d’ondes lumineuses sphériques qui interférent entre elles. L’enregistrement des franges d’interférences et leur analyse par transformation de Fourier peut permettre d’accéder aux caractéristiques des particules. Dans ce mémoire, je décris l’influence des caractéristiques de particules sur les représentations spectrales des franges d’interférences crées par les couples de particules éclairées dans l’espace de Fourier 2D. Les franges d’interférences sont simulées numériquement en utilisant la théorie de Lorenz-Mie. Puis j’aborde le problème inverse en montrant comment il est possible de retrouver les caractéristiques des particules, en me servant de l’optique géométrique et du filtrage spatial par transformation de Fourier. / In this thesis, I propose a new optical technique for measuring 3D relative positions, sizes and refractive indices of a set of particles, which are illuminated by a plane and pulsed laser beam. In this work, the particles are spherical, transparent, homogeneous and isotropic. When these particles are illuminated, they have the behavior of sources of spherical light waves which interfere. The recording of interference fringes and analysisby Fourier transform can measure the characteristics of the particles. I describe the influence of particle characteristics on spectral representations of the interference fringes created by the pairs of particles illuminated in 2D Fourier space. The interference fringes are simulated numerically using the Lorenz-Mietheory. The inverse problem is approached by showing how it is possible to measure the characteristics of particles with geometrical optics and spatial filtering by Fourier transformation.

The thesis investigates how FDI intra-industry spillovers are affected by MNE ownership modes and sub-national locations. A conceptual framework is developed which utilises IB theories to propose how MNE ownership modes and sub-national locations are likely to matter for FDI spillovers. The research propositions are explored quantitatively using an unbalanced firm-level panel dataset of 1624 Indian manufacturing firms (1991-2008) with 5203 firm-year observations. The model estimation is carried out in STATA 13.0 in two stages; firstly, by using semi-parametric (Levinsohn-Petrin) method to derive the dependent variable (TFP of domestic firms); and secondly, by using fixed effects model estimated in first-differences to relate TFP of domestic firms' with different measures of foreign presence. Results from the first model reveal that WOSs and MAJVs have positive spillover effects whereas MIJVs have negative spillover effects in the Indian manufacturing sector. The second model finds that the net spillover effect in non-metropolitan regions is higher than in metropolitan regions. The thesis discusses the possible major policy implications of the results and considers possible reasons for the differences in the spillovers for different ownership modes and sub-national locations. / PhD Studentship, University of Bradford

The overall purpose of the present study was to examine the strategies used by older adults with regard to both foot placement and hand contact location as they enter (ingress) and exit (egress) a vehicle. A cross-sectional study was used to identify and, in turn, examine the participants’ ingress and egress strategies in relation to their physical mobility and other characteristics. All participants had a valid driver’s license and they completed the following: 1) demographic (self-report) questionnaires; 2) clinical measures of physical mobility (i.e. Timed Up and Go, Berg Balance Scale, One Legged Stance test, Rapid Pace Walk test). A physical mobility index was also developed using these clinical measures. During both ingress and egress, older drivers were more likely to use one-foot strategies, which are considered less stable. Participants who used one-foot ingress and egress strategies had better overall physical mobility. The armrest location was used by the majority of older drivers for both ingress and egress, and is used most often during one-foot strategies. Participants who used multiple hand contact locations during ingress/egress had lower physical mobility than participants who used a single hand contact location or made no contact with the vehicle. Finally, the results from this study can inform educational materials targeting this population and determining design changes to the automobile that can prevent injuries to older drivers. / Thesis / Master of Health Sciences (MSc)

В процессе исследований были проанализированы текущие особенности обеспечения антитеррористической защищенности мест массового пребывания людей, межведомственного взаимодействия, выявлены основные проблемы, возникающие при проведении комплекса мер по обеспечению антитеррористической защищенности, установлены причины этих проблем, определены способы совершенствования комплекса мер для обеспечения антитеррористической защищенности мест массового пребывания людей. / In the process of research, the current features of ensuring the anti-terrorist security of places of mass stay of people, interdepartmental interaction were analyzed, the main problems arising during the implementation of a set of measures to ensure anti-terrorist security were identified, the causes of these problems were identified, ways of improving the set of measures to ensure anti-terrorist security of places of mass stay.

Yes / Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of dynamic marketing capabilities (DMC), foreign ownership modes and sub-national locations on the performance of foreign owned affiliates (FOAs) in developing economies. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a sample of 254 FOAs in Indian manufacturing sector (covering the period of 2000-2008 leading to 623 firm-year observations), the empirical paper adopts the panel data regression approach. Findings – The study confirms the significant importance of DMC to assist FOAs to gain better sales performance in an emerging market such as India. The findings indicate that Wholly Owned Foreign Affiliates (WOFAs) have better sales performance than International Joint Venture (IJV), and Majority-owned IJV (MAIJV) perform better than Minority-owned IJV (MIIJV) in the Indian manufacturing sector. The results confirm that effective deployment of DMC leads to better sales performance in WOFAs and to some extent in MAIJVs. Perhaps the most interesting finding is that developing DMC in non-Metropolitan areas is associated with higher sales growth than in Metropolitan locations. Originality/value – The study contributes to the literature by examining the impact of DMC on performance of FOA by considering the organised manufacturing sector in a large and fast growing developing economy. In addition, the results for the moderating effects provide novel evidence of the conditions under which DMC of FOA interacts with different ownership modes and influence firm performance.

Existing travel patterns in Windhoek are influenced by the past land use policy of restricted urban development in the former townships ofKatutura and Khomasdal. Thus residents in these townships are faced with longer distances to reach quality urban servtces. This thesis examined the impact on travel demand of changes in land use policies aimed at stimulating growth in the two areas using the HLFM computer model. The results showed that, policy induced land use changes may stimulate population and employment growth in the neglected areas, but with no effects on the present travel patterns. The model needs to be refined to fit the peculiarity of the study area. Nevertheless, information provided in the thesis could be used in assessing areas where development trends will go if any ofthe land use policy tested in the study is adopted. / Geography / M.A. (Geography)

Il est estimé qu'une fracture se produit toutes les trois secondes autour du monde, accompagné par un risque élevé d'invalidité ou même de mortalité. La connaissance des mécanismes de fractures dans une configuration de chargement représentatif d'une chute semble être d'un intérêt majeur pour le développement de méthodes dédiées à la prédiction du risque de fracture. La ténacité est un paramètre approprié lorsqu'on s'intéresse à ces mécanismes de fracture, elle détermine l'énergie nécessaire pour propager une fissure à travers l'architecture du tissu. L'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer la ténacité de l'os cortical humain, considérant à la fois des conditions chargement quasi-statique et représentatif d'une chute sur sites anatomiques appariés. L'acquisition d'images en micro-tomographie ainsi qu'une mesure des cross-links ont été réalisées afin d'évaluer leur influence sur les mécanismes fracture du tissu. Les résultats ont montré que dans des conditions quasi-statiques, les différents sites anatomiques présentent des propriétés mécaniques différentes : le radius résiste mieux à une propagation de fissure. Dans des conditions de chute, il n'y a plus de différences entre ces sites, mais la ténacité décroit de façon significative par rapport au chargement standard. L'os cortical résiste mieux à une propagation de fissure dans des conditions quasi-statiques. Les analyses structurales et biochimiques ont montré des différences entre les sites anatomiques qui expliquent les différences mécaniques. Les caractéristiques architecturales du tissu sont déterminantes vis-à-vis des mécanismes de fracture dans des conditions quasi-statiques. Mais leur rôle lors d'une chute est moins évident. Ces résultats impliquent que la microstructure de l'os cortical n'est pas un déterminant majeur vis-à-vis du risque de fracture. De futures études doivent être réalisées afin de déterminer les paramètres décisifs dans des conditions représentatives d'une chute / A fracture is estimated every three seconds in the world, leading to an increased risk of impairment or even mortality. The biomechanical knowledge of bone fracture mechanisms in a fall configuration of loading is of great interests for the development of clinical method for the prediction of the risk of fracture. Toughness seems to be a good candidate to investigate this fracture process as it corresponds to the energy needed to propagate a crack through cortical bone complex microstructure. The aim of this study was thus to evaluate human cortical bone toughness parameter under both quasi-static and fall-like loading conditions paired anatomical locations. Micro-computed tomography images using synchrotron radiation and collagen cross-links maturation measurements were performed to investigate the influence of the tissue architecture on crack propagation. Results found showed that under quasi-static condition, the different anatomical locations present different mechanical behavior. Radius significantly better resist crack propagation than the other studied location. Considering a fall-like loading condition, no more difference is observed between the locations but a significant decreased is measured compare to the first configuration. Human cortical bone has a better capacity to resist crack propagation under a standard quasi-static loading condition. By investigating the tissue morphometric and biochemical parameters, we observed different organization from a location to another that explains the mechanical differences. The architectural features appear to be determinant for crack propagation mechanisms under quasi-static condition, but they play a lesser role under fall-like condition. These results imply that the tissue microstructure is not a determinant when dealing with the prediction of the risk of fracture. Further work has to be done to reach out which parameters are more determinants under a specific fall-like loading condition

Ultra narrow-band filters and the use of two loops in a cascade configuration dominate current clock conditioners based on phase-locked-loop (PLL) schemes. Since a PLL exhibits a low-pass transfer function with respect to the reference clock, the noise performance at very close-to-carrier offset frequencies is still determined by the input signal. Although better cleaning can be achieved with extremely narrow loops, an ultra low cut-off frequency could not be selected since the stability of the configuration deteriorates as the filter bandwidth is reduced. This fact suggests that a full-spectrum clock conditioning is not possible using traditional PLL architectures, and an alternative scheme is necessary to attenuate the very-close-to-carrier phase noise (PN). In addition, ultra-narrow loop filters can compromise on-chip integration because of the large size capacitors needed when chosen as passive. Input signal attenuation with relaxed bandwidth requirements becomes the main aspect that a comprehensive clock cleaner must address to effectively regenerate a reference signal. This dissertation describes the Band-Reject Nested-PLL (BRN-PLL) scheme, a modified PLL-based architecture that provides an effective signal cleaning procedure by introducing a notch in the input transfer function through inner and outer loops and a high-pass filter (HPF). This modified response attenuates the reference-signal PN and reduces the size of the loop-filter capacitors substantially. Ultra narrow loops are no longer required because the notch size is related to the system bandwidth. The associated transfer function for the constitutive blocks (phase detectors and local oscillators) show that the output close-to-carrier and far-from-carrier PN sections are mainly dominated by the noise from the inner-PLL phase detector (PD) and local oscillator (LO) located in the outer loop, respectively. The inner-PLL PD transfer function maintains a low-pass characteristic with a passband gain inversely proportional to the PD gain becoming the main contribution around the carrier signal. On the other hand, the PN around the transition frequency is determined mainly by the reference and the inner-PLL LO. Their noise contributions to the output will depend on the associated passband local maxima, which is located at the BRN-PLL transition frequency. Hence, in this region, the inner-PLL LO is selected so that its effect can be held below that of the outer-PLL PD. The BRN-PLL can use a high-Q MEMS-based VCO to further improve the transition region of the output PN profile and an LC-VCO as outer-PLL LO to reduce the noise floor of the output signal. In particular, two tuning mechanisms are explored for the MEMS-VCO: series tuning using varactors and phase shifting of a resonator operating in nonlinear regime. Both schemes are implemented to generate a tunable oscillator with no PN-performance degradation.

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die nächtliche Habitatnutzung von Feldhasen in drei unterschiedlichen Habitaten. Das Untersuchungsgebiet Opferbaum ist stark ackerbaulich geprägt und das Untersuchungsgebiet Güntersleben sehr strukturreich durch das Vorkommen von Gehölzen und Waldrändern. Das Untersuchungsgebiet Fritzlar besitzt einen waldrandgeprägten sowie einen ackerbaulich intensiv genutzten Landschaftsteil. Die nächtlichen Aufenthaltsorte von Feldhasen wurden mittels Wärmebildkamera zwischen September 2004 bis April 2005 und September 2005 bis April 2006 kartiert. In jedem der Untersuchungsgebiete wurden einmal monatlich sogenannte Festpunkte angefahren, die umliegenden Landschaftsbereiche abgesucht und beobachtete Feldhasen in Arbeitskarten eingezeichnet. Eine Kartierung der von den Festpunkten einsehbaren Landschaftsteile geschah vor jedem Erfassungstermin bei Tageslicht. Den kartierten Feldhasen (Präsenz-Punkte) wurde im GIS eine zufällige Punktverteilung im beobachteten Landschaftsraum gegenüber gestellt (Pseudo-Absenz-Punkte). Für jeden dieser Punkte wurden bis zu 20 Minimaldistanzen zu verschiedenen Strukturelementen der Landschaft berechnet. In Generalisierten Linearen Modellen (GLM) wurden die univariaten und multivariaten Zusammenhänge der erklärenden Variablen mit der binomialen Zielvariablen modelliert. Zeitliche Aspekte der Habitatnutzung im Verlauf des Winterhalbjahres wurden mit einer multitemporalen Modellierung für zusammengefasste Zwei-Monats-Zeiträume untersucht. Die Modellselektion geschah mit Hilfe des Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Insgesamt wurden 4.494 Standorte von Feldhasen in Opferbaum, 2.418 in Güntersleben und 1.391 in Fritzlar kartiert. Die univariate Analyse zeigt eine Meidung von Verkehrs- und Siedlungsstrukturen. Waldränder, Gehölze, Buntbrachen und Grünland werden in den Untersuchungsgebieten Fritzlar und Opferbaum bevorzugt, in Güntersleben werden die zwei letzteren gemieden. Die multivariaten Modelle zeigen eine Präferenz der Nahrungshabitate Wintergetreide und Raps, in Fritzlar und Opferbaum wird auch Grünland bevorzugt. Nach dem Nahrungshabitat wird von Feldhasen die Nähe zu potentiellen Deckungshabitaten präferiert, dabei werden nur Buntbrachen in allen Untersuchungsgebieten bevorzugt. Besonders Verkehrswege und Siedlungen werden gemiedenen, Ausnahme ist die Bevorzugung von Siedlungsbereichen in Güntersleben. Teilweise gegensätzliche Ergebnisse zeigt die Modellierung der Zwei-Monats-Zeiträume zwischen den Untersuchungsgebieten. Sie zeigen aber nur geringe Veränderungen der Habitatnutzung von Feldhasen im Verlauf des Winterhalbjahres. Allen selektierten Modellen gemein ist die geringe Erklärungsgüte von weniger als 5 % der Datenvarianz. Die Eignung der entwickelten Aufnahmemethodik und die Ergebnisse werden anhand der umfangreichen Literatur diskutiert. Die Art des Habitats ist von großer Bedeutung für die Habitatnutzung der Feldhasen. Durch die landwirtschaftliche Fruchtfolge bedingte strukturelle Veränderungen verändern ebenso die kleinräumige Habitatnutzung wie die Veränderungen der landwirtschaftlichen Schläge im Verlauf des Herbstes und Winters. Das opportunistische Habitatverhalten von Feldhasen erschwert dabei die Beobachtung von speziellem Habitatverhalten. Die zum Teil gegensätzlichen Ergebnisse werden auch vor dem Hintergrund potentieller Fehlerquellen der Methodik und einem möglichen Einfluss vernachlässigter Variablen diskutiert. Dabei stellt sich die Frage nach grundsätzlichen Konsequenzen für zukünftige Untersuchungen. Die unterschiedliche Habitatnutzung des Feldhasen in unterschiedlichen Habitaten muss sowohl bei der Wahl der Methodik als auch bei der Wahl der Gebietskulisse berücksichtigt werden. / The study presented in this thesis examined the nocturnal habitat use by hares in three different habitats. The study area Opferbaum is strongly influenced by agriculture whereas the landscape of the study area Güntersleben has very diverse structures such as groves and forest edges. The study area Fritzlar has a forest dominated landscape on the one hand and a landscape of intensive agricultural activities on the other hand. Hare locations were mapped using thermography between September 2004 to April 2005 and September 2005 to April 2006. In each of the study sites the surrounding landscape of selected viewpoints was observed once a month and hare distribution was plotted in topographical maps. Mapping of the visible landscape of the viewpoints took place during daytime. Up to 20 minimum distances to different structural elements of the landscape were calculated for each hare location (presence-points) and randomly distributed points (pseudo-absence points) in the observed landscape. Generalized linear models (GLM) were applied to model the univariate and multivariate relationships of explanatory variables with the binomial response variables (hare 1; pseudo-absence 0). Temporal aspects of habitat use during the winter were analyzed by multi-temporal modeling for combined two-month periods. The model selection was done using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). A total of 4,494 locations by hares were mapped in Opferbaum, 2,418 in Güntersleben and 1,391 in Fritzlar. The univariate analysis shows an avoidance of traffic and urban areas. Forest edges and groves are preferred in all study areas. Pasture and wildlife-friendly set-asides are preferred in Fritzlar and Opferbaum, but avoided in Güntersleben. The multivariate models show a preference of feeding habitats such as winter cereals and oilseed rape, hares also prefer pasture in Fritzlar and Opferbaum. After the feeding habitat, hares show a preference to be in proximity to shelter providing habitats. Wildlife-friendly set-asides were preferred in all study sites. Traffic and urban areas are avoided in Opferbaum and Fritzlar but urban areas preferred in Güntersleben. Modeling the two-month periods shows different results between the study areas but only small changes in habitat use by brown hares during the winter months. All selected models explain less than 5 % of the variance of data. The consideration of comparable studies shows that besides methodology and surveying time, the results of habitat use of brown hares are primarily influenced by the kind of the examined landscapes. The small-scale habitat use of brown hare is also influenced by structural changes in the agricultural crop rotation as well as a changing vegetation in autumn and winter. The opportunistic behaviour of brown hares make the observation of special habitat use difficult. The results are discussed in connection with error in methodology and unconsidered variables but also to fundamental consequences for future investigations. The differences in habitat use of brown hares in different habitats have to be considered in both, the choice of methodology and when choosing the study sites.