This study examines the relationship between maternal emotional attachment to the fetus, beliefs about fetal health locus of control, and use of prenatal testing (i.e., amniocentesis and maternal serum screening). To date, no research has directly addressed the link between these psychosocial variables and prenatal testing uptake. Ninety-one pregnant women at risk for fetal abnormalities (i.e., 35 years of age or older) participated in the study, of whom 35 had no testing, 27 had serum screening, and 29 had amniocentesis in their current pregnancy. Results of a hierarchical multiple regression partially supported the hypothesis that internal and powerful others Fetal Health Locus of Control (Labs & Wurtele, 1986) and prenatal testing status would be predictive of attachment (Prenatal Attachment Inventory; Muller, 1993) over and above the effects of gestational age, maternal age and attitude toward abortion. Fetal Health Locus of Control beliefs regarding ones own role (FHLC-I) in determining the health of ones fetus were found to be predictive of prenatal attachment. Results failed to support the hypothesis that the role of health professionals (FHLC-P) would be predictive of prenatal attachment. As predicted, women who had not used prenatal testing or who underwent amniocentesis tended to have stronger prenatal attachment than those who underwent serum screening only. Results supported the hypotheses that stronger attachment to the fetus would be positively correlated with both FHLC-I and FHLC-P scores. Women who had no testing were found to hold less favourable attitudes toward abortion and rate their religious as stronger than those who had amniocentesis. Emotional attachment to the fetus was stronger among women who had previous miscarriages than those who had not, but did not differ between women who had a previous abortion and those who had not.

This study examines the relationship between maternal emotional attachment to the fetus, beliefs about fetal health locus of control, and use of prenatal testing (i.e., amniocentesis and maternal serum screening). To date, no research has directly addressed the link between these psychosocial variables and prenatal testing uptake. Ninety-one pregnant women at risk for fetal abnormalities (i.e., 35 years of age or older) participated in the study, of whom 35 had no testing, 27 had serum screening, and 29 had amniocentesis in their current pregnancy. Results of a hierarchical multiple regression partially supported the hypothesis that internal and powerful others Fetal Health Locus of Control (Labs & Wurtele, 1986) and prenatal testing status would be predictive of attachment (Prenatal Attachment Inventory; Muller, 1993) over and above the effects of gestational age, maternal age and attitude toward abortion. Fetal Health Locus of Control beliefs regarding ones own role (FHLC-I) in determining the health of ones fetus were found to be predictive of prenatal attachment. Results failed to support the hypothesis that the role of health professionals (FHLC-P) would be predictive of prenatal attachment. As predicted, women who had not used prenatal testing or who underwent amniocentesis tended to have stronger prenatal attachment than those who underwent serum screening only. Results supported the hypotheses that stronger attachment to the fetus would be positively correlated with both FHLC-I and FHLC-P scores. Women who had no testing were found to hold less favourable attitudes toward abortion and rate their religious as stronger than those who had amniocentesis. Emotional attachment to the fetus was stronger among women who had previous miscarriages than those who had not, but did not differ between women who had a previous abortion and those who had not.

Anställdas produktivitet har överraskande visat sig öka under tidigare nedläggningar. Detta uppmärksammade fenomen benämns nedläggningseffekten och förklaras bland annat av anställdas ökade autonomi och utrymme för innovativa förmågor under nedläggningsperioden. Relationer mellan ledare och underanställda är enligt LMX-teorin av olika kvalitét vilket kan förklara anställdas engagemang, ett engagemang som även kan förklaras av anställdas individuella differenser. Syftet med studien är att undersöka ledarskapets och personlighetsvariabeln work locus of control betydelse för anställdas målengagemang under en nedläggningsperiod. En enkätundersökning för 275 medarbetare utfördes 2006 på ett tillverkningsföretag. Resultatet från en regressionsanalys visar att ledarskapet spelar en mindre betydande roll för målengagemanget under nedläggningen än medarbetarnas personlighet. Förklaringar till målengagemanget under nedläggningen kan utifrån LMX-teorin tolkas som ett resultat av de högkvalitativa relationer som anställda med intern locus of control tenderar att skapa. Studiens begränsning är att den enbart fokuserar på ledarskapets och personlighetens betydelse för målengagemanget. Andra komponenter av målengagemang bör därför studeras i anslutning till nedläggning.

I denna studie har undersökts personlighet och Health Locus of Control hos 56 kvinnor och män i åldrarna 18 till 65 år, där 30 var svenskar och 26 var tyskar. Undersökningens frågeställning var: Är en eller fler personlighetsdimensioner i Fem-Faktor-modellen relaterade till i vilken utsträckning en individ har Internality, Powerful others eller Chance Health Locus of Control. En NEO-PI enkät och ett Multi dimensionella Health Locus of Control-skalan-formulär administrerades. Resultatet från undersökningen kunde påvisa en signifikant korrelation mellan Openess to Experience och Powerful Others Health Locus of Control samt Conscientiousness och Powerful Others Health Locus of Control. En signifikant skillnad mellan svenskar och tyskar beträffande Powerful Others kunde också påvisas. Resultaten diskuteras utifrån att det kan vara andra faktorer än personlighet, som styr varje människas Health Locus of Control

The purpose of this study was to examine if there was a relation between birth order, gender and locus of control. There where 162 participants in the study, 44 men, 115 women. Birth order was coded into three levels. There where no significant differences between birth order and locus of control. The result showed that female participants where more external when it came to locus of control. When birth order was coded into two levels, there was a significant difference in locus of control. Only-borns where significant more internal than the other sibling groups. Firstborns/ only-borns where significant more internal than both second-born and last-borns. There was no interaction effect between birth order and gender. Adler´s sibling theories and Rotter´s theory of locus of control helped to explain the significant results found in this study.

Denna studie undersökte relationen mellan karaktärsdragen i The Big Five och Health Locus of Control (HLC). Testen NEO-FFI och MHLC användes för att mäta karaktärsdragen och dimensionerna i HLC. 130 studenter vid Växjö universitet deltog i studien. Resultatet visade en relation mellan Conscientiousness och dimensionen Intern HLC. Extraversion hade en något svagare relation till IHLC. Studenter med en högre grad av Conscientiousness eller Extraversion hade generellt en högre grad av IHLC. Neuroticism hade en relation till dimensionen Powerful others (PHLC). Studenterna med en högre grad Neuroticism hade också i allmänhet en högre grad av PHLC. De funna relationerna kan tyda på att karaktärsdragen tillsammans med HLC möjligen kan påverka faktorer som inverkar på hälsan.

Syftet med vår studie var att undersöka hur mycket av alkoholkonsumtionen hos stu-denter som kan prediceras genom biologiska (BMI, ålder och kön), psykologiska (Lo-cus of Control och The Big Five Personality Theory) samt sociala (alkoholvanor i familjen och anledningar till alkoholkonsumtion) faktorer. Vi har valt att undersöka varje individs alkoholkonsumtion i förhållande till BMI och därefter se hur mycket av variansen som kan prediceras av de variabler vi undersökt. Vårt urval bestod av gym-nasieelever och universitetsstudenter i Växjö. Sammanlagt ingick 201 personer i un-dersökningen, 107 män och 94 kvinnor. Vi använde oss av en enkät för insamling av vår data. Vi gjorde en multipel regressions analys som visade att alkoholkonsumtion kan prediceras till 34,3% av de prediktorer vi använt oss av. De biologiska faktorerna predicerade enskild sammanlagt 13,1% av konsumtionen, de psykologiska faktorerna 13,3% och de sociala faktorerna 7,9% av alkoholkonsumtionen i vårt urval. Studiens syfte ämnar belysa en del av de faktorer som påverkar en individs alkoholkonsumtion, för att skapa en djupare förståelse av alkoholmönster hos studenter. / The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent alcohol consumption among students is predicted by biological (BMI, age and gender), psychological (Lo-cus of Control and The Big Five Theory) and social (drinking habits within the family and reasons for alcohol consumption) factors. We have chosen to investigate each respondent’s alcohol consumption in relation to BMI and then see to what extent the variance can be predicted by the variables we have investigated. Our selection con-sists of upper secondary school students and university students in Växjö. A total of 201 persons participated in the inquiry, of whom 107 were men and 94 were women. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire. We conducted a multiple regres-sion analysis which showed alcohol consumption can be predicted to 34.3% by the variables in this study. In our selection the biological factors alone predicted 13.1% of the alcohol consumption, the psychological factors 13.3% and the social factors 7.9%. This study seeks to highlight some of the factors that affect an individual’s consump-tion of alcohol, this in order to create a deeper understanding concerning alcohol pat-terns among students.

Syftet med denna studie är att få kunskap om hur tiden som arbetsslös kan påverka individens motivation som arbetssökande. Den övergripande frågeställningen är om motivationen till att hitta ett jobb skiljer sig mellan kort- och långtidsarbetslösa ungdomar. Motivationen har här undersökts genom att jämföra om kort- och långtidsarbetslösa skiljer sig i upplevd locus of control, self-efficacy, värdet av ett arbete samt upplevda krav och faktisk nedlagd ansträngning. 106st arbetslösa ungdomar, samtliga inskrivna på Arbetsförmedlingen, deltog i enkätundersökningen. Resultatet visade inga signifikanta skillnader mellan kort- och långtidsarbetslösa i motivationen till att hitta ett arbete. En begränsning i undersökningen är att skillnaden i tid mellan grupperna kort- och långtidsarbetslösa är liten. / The purpose of this study is to gain knowledge on how time of unemployment may affect an individual's motivation in the search of a job. The main issue is whether the motivation to find a job differs between short and long term unemployed young people between 18-26 years of age. The motivation has been examined by comparing the short-and long-term unemployed differ in perceived locus of control, self-efficacy, the value of a work, and perceived requirements and actual effort spent. 106 unemployed youths, all registered at the Employment Service, participated in the survey. The results showed no significant differences between short-and long-term unemployed in the motivation to find work. A limitation of the study is that the difference in time between the groups short-and long-term unemployed is small.

Abstract The development of the nutritionist will be twenty years in Taiwan. The role of nutritionist is changed from meals management of group to education and consulting of nutrition in the period of the prosperous eighties till now. In the meantime, the top ten causes of death are changed from emergency medical case to chromic disease in Taiwan. The custom of weight reduction is spread over Taiwan in the eighties. The general public is eager to receive the instruction of nutritionist. However, the diet therapy of various chromic diseases takes place of weight reduction that is gradually disappeared in Taiwan now. The nutritionist still play important role in maintenance of healthy group and preventive medicine. There are few local researches to be related with the nutritionist. I hope to achieve the effect of promotion by means of this research. There are three destinations in this research. One, the occupational commitment of local nutritionist is understood. Two, the factor is ascertained by the influence of occupational commitment of local nutritionist. Third, the relationship between occupational commitment and leave attitude is confirmed. The researcher initially discusses how viewpoint and expectation of nutritionist is influenced by various occupations through individual interview. And then the evidential research structure and questionnaire is developed to investigate occupational commitment and its influence factors of local occupational nutritionist. The result of research is listed below: 1. Occupational commitment is evident relevant to the gender, position of occupation and location of occupation that is belongs to the variation factors of nutritionist. Among the investigation, occupational commitment of female is stronger that the occupational commitment of male, and occupational commitment of manager is stronger that occupational commitment of non-manager, nutritionist of body fitness center gives much commitment than the nutritionist of hospital, school and other location. 2. Occupational commitment is negative evident relevant to locus of control that is one influence factor of occupational commitment. Occupational commitment is positive evident relevant to work involvement, work satisfaction, organizational commitment and feeling of external environment. The employee that has personality of self-control has more occupational commitment. Occupational commitment of nutritionist can be enhanced by the positive influence factors of occupational commitments. 3. Sentimental commitment is stronger and standard commitment is weak between the occupational commitments of nutritionist. Work satisfaction is much influenced by sentimental commitment. The human resource manager of nutritionist urgently implements the various policies to enhance work satisfaction. 4. Work performance is evident positive relevant to occupational commitments, especially the relevance of sentimental commitment is much evident. Leave attitude is evident negative relevant to occupational commitments. The higher occupational commitment of nutritionist has the better work performance and poor leave attitude. Key words: occupational commitments, locus of control, work involvement, work satisfaction, organizational commitment, work performance, leave attitude.

The purpose of this investigation is based on the model proposed by Ferris et al. (1989) to explore the moderating effect on the relation between the perceptions of organizational politics and job performance, intention to turnover, job involvement, job stress, citizenship behavior, job satisfaction & organizational commitment. Data collected from 1653 employees of Taiwan enterprises. The data were analyzed by applying statistical methods, including factor analysis, reliability, correlation, regression and canonical correlation analysis. The major findings of this study are as fallow: Perceptions of organizational politics were found have the negative relationships with job performance, job involvement, citizenship behavior, job satisfaction and organizational commitment; and perceptions of organizational politics were found have the positive relationships with turnover intention and job stress. Understanding, control, locus of control, type A personality and tenure with supervisor as moderators of the relationships between perceptions of organizational politics and all outcome variables was examined. Results indicated that understanding, control, locus of control, type A personality can moderate the relationship between organizational politics and outcome variables. But tenure with supervisor can not moderate the relationship between organizational politics and outcome variables.