Syfte: Att med utgångspunkt i artiklarna 3 och 4 i FN:s konvention om urfolk och lokala samhällens rättigheter och artikel 8j i konventionen om biologisk mångfald undersöka samers nyttjanderätt till privategendom. Artiklarna väcker en rad intressanta frågeställningar. Jag kommer koncentrera mig på att diskutera självbestämmandet och ägandets legitimitet utifrån ett kollektivistiskt och ett individualistiskt perspektiv. De perspektiven står samhällsfilosoferna Karl Marx och Robert Nozick för. Jag kommer även undersöka ägande som rättighet, dels utifrån ovanstående men även utifrån Wesley Hohfeld och Onora O’Neills rättighetsteorier och analyser. Slutligen kommer jag använda statsvetaren Elinor Ostroms empiriska studie av gemensamt ägda resurssystem och de analyser hon gör kring dessa i boken Allmänningen som samhällsinstitution. För att sedan med rättighetsteorierna som ram väva ihop teorierna kring självbestämmande och ägandets legitimitet med Ostroms slutsats om kollektivt ägda resursers fördelar. För att förhoppningsvis landa i att allmänningar kan vara mer socialt och klimatmässigt hållbara och därför är artiklarna och implementeringen av dem viktig, inte bara för samerna som folk utan även för en långsiktigt hållbar utveckling.

This dissertation studies early seventeenth century local government, both the secular and religious, in order to investigate that period’s concepts of ”the good society”, and the strategies that were used to achieve and retain this ideal. The goal of the investigation is to give a broader understanding of early modern society at the local level. Order and balance appear to have been the overriding goal for the local institutions in Linköping. Justice and well-being were not a question of individual rights, but rather were found in corporative associations in which differences together created a hierarchical harmony and order. People who stood outside these were threatened by marginalization. For those who were “on the inside” resources were available. In the town were found material resources such as wells and gristmills, the community of the parish and the rådsturätt. Local authorities do not express any concept of development or a utopia of change. It did not seek to redistribute material resources or systematize support for specific vulnerable groups. A fundamental welfare strategy was to fit people into households within which they could support themselves. In the same way the religious punishments, can be seen as an important welfare strategy. To recreate order was also a way of appeasing God. If God liked what he saw, then perhaps he would rest his hand over the congregation. In summary it can thus be said that the local government tried to formulate the conditions for welfare by creating the premises for two important spheres—the home and the parish.

To curb greenhouse gases and mitigate climate change is one of the biggest challenges human society face today. Carbon dioxide (CO2) has accumulated rapidly in the atmosphere as a consequence of burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The aim of this study is to explore two methods to store carbon dioxide in geological formations and biological sinks. The aim is also to discuss the two mitigation options from a sustainable perspective and whether it can lead to a better environment and benefits for local and global societies. The research questions are: Which method to store carbon dioxide, geological or biological, is the most effective? Which method to store carbon dioxide, geological or biological, has the greatest potential to promote sustainable development for local communities? The method used is a comparative case study and presents four case studies that explore the potential for CO2 storage offshore in Norway and Brazil; and in tropical forests in Mexico and Brazil. The mitigation options are discussed from two different theoretical perspectives. The principle of the theory of ecological modernisation is that innovation and environmentally friendly technology can solve the environmental problems human societies face today, whereas the theory of common pool resources promotes local communities to govern limited resources in order to manage them sustainably. The findings suggest that ecological modernisation legitimize environmental destruction as carbon dioxide storage in geological formations (CCS) use the technology as a mean to extract more oil and gas; which results in a rebound-effect. Therefore, carbon dioxide capture in geological formations is not a realistic method unless it can prevent further emissions. Protected forest resources can be seen as biological insurance, which safeguard ecosystem services, biodiversity, and the forest potential to hold carbon. Carbon sequestration in tropical forest has the potential to store carbon dioxide given that the forests are protected and local communities have tenure rights, knowledge, and the means to protect the forest and manage them sustainably.