Studiens syfte är att studera hur 1649 års skolordning framställer disciplin i textform. Med hjälp av de kategorier som Foucault presenterade i hans verk Övervakning och straff kommer jag att undersöka skolordningen för att identifiera gemensamma drag mellan de två böckerna. Resultatet visar att många av de disciplinära metoder som Foucault uppvisade i sin bok förekom tidigare än förväntat i Sverige. Med hjälp av fördelningen av verksamheten i olika små delar, såsom olika klasser eller rum, förenklades det disciplinära arbetet. På samma sätt fungerade själva byggnaden som en sluten miljö där eleverna kunde avskiljas från varandra och från resten av samhället. Där kunde maktmaskineriet fungera effektivt.  Rangordningen bland eleverna skapades genom en kontinuerlig analys och klassificering av individerna. Med hjälp av rangordning gjordes det möjligt att utnyttja kroppens maximala kraft. Verksamheten skulle vara produktiv och ekonomisk stabil. Examinationer fungerade också som ett sätt att klassificera de olika individerna i olika grupper. De som inte uppfyllde skolans krav bestraffades så att de till slut lärde sig det de skulle.

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Abstract – Noblesse oblige: a roleplaying game During the 17th-century the Swedish nobility was forced to deal with a number of new challenges. They reached the height of their power, but also began their downfall. How did the nobility’s ideal come to be in the face of this? Can we in these ideals find the duties and obligations of the nobility? And if we can, how can a roleplaying game be made out of the historical facts? A roleplaying game meant for educational means, well suited for the classroom and teachers, capable of stimulating the young minds and offering them an in depth understanding of how the nobility’s minds moved. In this study it will show, with the help of a qualitative method along with the theory of Mark Edward Motley and a look at social sanctions from the time. We shall find that the nobility indeed held obligations and duties both.

Zugl. : Stockholm ; Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Diss., 2007. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache

The purpose of this study was to examine how a few travellers described animal agency in travelogues from the 17th century, printed in Swedish language. Because the aim of this paper was to study animal agency, the posthumanist perspective was chosen to analyse how the travellers both objectified animals and described certain animals to be able to express free agency. Furthermore, the study also examines how the travellers interpreted the animal’s free agency. First, the results show that animals were objectified in situations where animals functioned as economic resources, which also has been shown in previous research. Animals were objectified as tools, food, means of transportation and commodities. Second, the study shows that larger predators, the chameleon, the elephant and larger apes, were described to be able to express free agency. The larger predators exercised agency outside human living quarters and was interpreted negatively because of the danger they posed. This has also been shown in previous research. Third, and most important, the results indicate that humans didn’t view all animals the same. The travellers seem to have thought that certain animal individuals in certain situations could express free agency. For example, specific crocodiles were described to be able to choose whether to attack humans or not. They could also play with each other, which indicates that the author thought that the specific crocodile had emotions. Moreover, the elephant was described to be able to make its own decisions and only lacked the human ability to speak. In addition, the larger apes were deemed to be able to comprehend abstract concepts and act on conscious intention, like the elephant. Also, although the apes didn’t speak, they were believed to be able to. This shows that the travellers thought that specific animals could express free agency in given situations and had many so-called human abilities.

I denna uppsats studeras en sedan tidigare obehandlad källa rörande häxprocessen i Torsåkers socken i Ångermanland under 1600-talet. Källan som innehåller två rättsliga protokoll och en berättande text kring den ovan nämnda processen påträffades av en arkivarie vid namn Göran Gullbro i arkivet på länsmuseet Murberget i Härnösand. I och med studien har en avskrift av källan gjorts samt att dess innehåll har studerats och jämförts med redan sedan tidigare kända källor rörande ämnet. Här avses häradsrättens rannsakningsprotokoll från händelsen samt en avhandling i ämnet som publicerades 1771 författad av en Jöns Hornaeus.   Studien ger ett möjligt svar på frågan kring den funna källans beskaffenhet, samt en redogörelse för dess innehåll inför kommande studier. Hypoteserna om Jöns Hornaeus som författare till källans berättande del samt att de två protokollen skulle kunna vara avskrifter av det sedan runt 300 år tillbaka förlorade kommissionsdomstolsprotokollet testas med spännande resultat.

The present dissertation focuses on the appointment of clergy in the rural areas of Swedish province of Hälsingland during the period 1650-1800. The aim has been to analyse the practical process of clergy appointments as well as to discuss the development of the political culture of the said period in the way that it was reflected through the actions of the actors involved. The discussion concentrates on two aspects of the political culture, firstly on what kind of influence the parishes had in regard to the clergy appointments, secondly what the actions of the various actors in this context tell us about the local political culture. The study shows that the parishes did indeed assert their rights in connection with the clergy appointments. It is also shown that the parishes exerted a certain influence in terms of which clergyman to promote, but that this influence seems to have been limited to conditions dictated by the authorities. The clergy election reforms effected in the 1730's brought a significant change to the local political culture. Whereas the earlier legislation assumed that decisions were made unanimously, the elective reforms of the 1730's inaugurated the majority principle as election method, with the result that each voting parish member was now regarded as an independent actor. The investigation of the practice of clergy appointment in Hälsingland shows that the opinions reflected in the unanimous parish demands raised prior to the 1730's reforms primarily belonged to the most leading actors of the community. However, through the formalising of the decision-making procedure, the reforms made way for a broader participation in that process. All farm owners were entitled to vote in the clergy elections, which means that also women farm owners - primarily widows - had the right to vote. Nevertheless, as shown in the present study, the political culture was not as gender neutral as the legislation, seeing that, relatively speaking, the widows voted through proxies to a considerably larger extent than did the men. / <p>Diss. Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2003</p> / digitalisering@umu

This dissertation studies early seventeenth century local government, both the secular and religious, in order to investigate that period’s concepts of ”the good society”, and the strategies that were used to achieve and retain this ideal. The goal of the investigation is to give a broader understanding of early modern society at the local level. Order and balance appear to have been the overriding goal for the local institutions in Linköping. Justice and well-being were not a question of individual rights, but rather were found in corporative associations in which differences together created a hierarchical harmony and order. People who stood outside these were threatened by marginalization. For those who were “on the inside” resources were available. In the town were found material resources such as wells and gristmills, the community of the parish and the rådsturätt. Local authorities do not express any concept of development or a utopia of change. It did not seek to redistribute material resources or systematize support for specific vulnerable groups. A fundamental welfare strategy was to fit people into households within which they could support themselves. In the same way the religious punishments, can be seen as an important welfare strategy. To recreate order was also a way of appeasing God. If God liked what he saw, then perhaps he would rest his hand over the congregation. In summary it can thus be said that the local government tried to formulate the conditions for welfare by creating the premises for two important spheres—the home and the parish.

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