Abstract In Taiwan, although there has been enormous research on voters¡¦ voting behavior and their selections for the candidates, very few studies have been undertaken to analyze the theme of campaign strategy. Especially, given that the presidential election involves a wide variety of election districts and campaign units, currently there is still no related investigation into the implementation of local campaign organizations. For this reason, it is timely and necessary to do the job of evaluating the effect of local campaign strategy. Nominated by KMT for the presidential election, Ma Ying Jeou tries to use the innovative ¡§Long Stay¡¨ that is based on the thought of ¡§Blue Ocean Strategy¡¨ to reach the various voters, for the purpose of overthrowing the traditional campaign to reset market boundary and thus increase the support for him. However, due to the restriction in large size of districts and long campaign period, it is difficult for Ma¡¦s campaign team to handle all situations which eventually need to depend on the local campaign organizations, in particular the KMT¡¦s local branches, to facilitate. And further, how these local branches plan as well as enact the ¡§Long Stay,¡¨ and how to ensure the following operation going smoothly are highly worth studying. More significantly, because the first-ever single-member legislature election was held prior to the presidential election, how the local branches come up with a ¡§Long Stay¡¨ schedule that is accepted by the three parties of presidential candidate, legislative candidate, and local community to integrate them into a maximum effort is also worth observing. Accordingly, through participant observation, document analysis and in-depth interview, this study is in an attempt to evaluate how Ma Ying Jeou¡¦s ¡§Long Stay¡¨ strategy is implemented and applied. Unlike most research on election that uses statistical data to analyze voters¡¦ voting behavior, this thesis focuses on how the KMT¡¦s Kaohsiung county and its township branches manage to reinforce a series of campaign strategies. Finally, this study would probe into the outcomes of different campaign strategies based on the voting result.

No description available.

Tourism industry plays an important role in developing countries like Thailand. An acccommodation is a key expense of almost every trip, therefore accommodation development need to be taken into account in order to attract target tourists from other countries. The long-stay tourism is important since the longer the tourists’ stay means the more receipts spent. Subsequently, many studies have been focused both on the tourism and real estate sides about long-stay accommodation in various types. Long-stay tourism in Thailand is an outstanding tourism alternative. Tourists from high cost of living, cold countries and aging population are the target market as we can see from the Americans, Europeans and Japanese tourists. Accordingly, future demographic structure is expected to increase so that cause emerging niche market called retirement home as a sub-set of the long-stay tourism. This thesis analyzes the attributes of the long-stay tourism in Thailand. The Scandinavian tourists are selected case studies according to their qualification and potential to be prospective customers. The opinions from the demand side, Scandinavian tourist-investors, were collected. Currently many projects of the Scandinavian are in the markets and will continue more as a consequence of predictions following tourism trend. In contrast, the study shows that there are some obstacles, which decelerate the growth of this market. Government policy is key to drive tourism and real estate sector to get along together. Until now, there is no exact solution but some alternatives from relevant market in sample countries were exemplified in order to develop tourism accommodation with the long-stay tourism in Thailand later on.

Abstract Using three different schizophrenic populations from Northern Finland, gender differences in some sociodemographic variables, age at onset, incidence, treatment, outcome and deinstitutionalization of schizophrenia were examined. The first study population comprises the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, which is an unselected, general population birth cohort. We followed prospectively 11017 subjects from 16 to 28 years of age by means of the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. From this study population gender differences at the age of onset and incidence of schizophrenia were calculated. The second study population was formed of 1525 patients who had their first treatment episodes at the closed therapeutic community ward situated at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu during 1977 - 1993. Gender differences were assessed in relation to age at first admission, some sociodemographic variables, degree of active participation of the patients in individual, group, and milieu therapy and institutional outcome of the patients with schizophrenia. The third study population consisted of all the 253 long-stay psychiatric inpatients treated for at least six months without a break during 1992 in the Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital. From this study population gender differences at the age of onset and in relation to some sociodemographic and clinical variables were studied. The placements after the last discharge and at the end of the follow-up and factors predicting hospitalization after the follow-up were also monitored. There were no statistically significant gender differences regarding age at onset in any of these three different study populations. The time lag between the first psychotic symptoms and the first psychiatric hospitalization was minimal. In the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study the annual incidence rate of DSM-III-R schizophrenia was relatively high, 7.9 per 10 000 in men and 4.4 in women by the age of 28. In men it was highest in the age group of the 20-24 year-olds while in women the peak occurred earlier in the age group of the 16-19 year-olds. In the Therapeutic community study there were no statistically significant gender differences in the sociodemographic variables, in the length of stay and in the number of treatment episodes in this ward in any of the diagnostic groups. Differences with regard to male and female participation in individual, group and milieu therapy and the institutional outcome were minimal, some trends, however, favoring females. In the long-stay patients study almost two-thirds of these patients were men. Very few gender differences were found in relation to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics or regarding the utilization of psychiatric hospital care. About 70% of the long-stay patients were discharged during the four year follow-up period and only 15% were able to live without continuous support. Marital status (being not married), dwelling place (living in city), absence of negative symptoms and severity of the illness were associated with hospitalization at the end of the follow-up. Gender did not predict hospitalization at the end of the follow-up period. The results of this study indicate that there are probably different subgroups of schizophrenia in which there are no gender differences regarding age at onset and in the clinical picture of the disturbance or there are regional differences in the manifestation of the illness. In Finland patients are hospitalized earlier after the onset of the first psychotic symptoms than in many other countries. According to the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study the incidence of schizophrenia is higher among young men than women and the total life-time incidence of schizophrenia may be smaller in women. The results from the Therapeutic community study suggest that therapeutic community treatment may level out the gender differences in the treatment process and outcome. The long-stay patient study showed that long-term patients are dependent on considerable support and that the most seriously ill patients are in fact in hospital. Alternative residential facilities have been a presupposition to the deinstitutionalization of the long-stay patients.

Tradicionalmente o planejamento de provisão de internações baseia-se em comparações nacionais e internacionais em vez da eficácia de políticas de curta e de longa permanência. Estudos sobre as causas e consequências das internações psiquiátricas de longa permanência têm uma relação direta ao tamanho e provisão de instalações que têm um maior impacto sobre como os recursos são utilizados.Objetivo:Identificar fatores de exposição associados ao tempo de permanência prolongado em internações psiquiátricas.Metodologia: estudo caso controle realizado no hospital psiquiátrico de Uberaba. Os casos foram todos os pacientes com internações com permanência superior a 60 dias contínuos no período de janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2014. Os controles escolhidos aleatoriamente, pareados por sexo e idade. Características epidemiológicas e sociodemográficas relacionadas às internações psiquiátricas de longa permanência foram descritas e realizadas comparações entre as diversas variáveis. Análise multivariada por regressão logística foi realizada para determinar variáveis preditoras de internação psiquiátrica de longa permanência.Resultados:selecionou-se 216 pacientes, 72 casos (5,5% do total de internações) e 144 controles; 63,9% do sexo masculino; a média de idade foi de 44,4 anos (DP±11,9); a procedência distribuiu-se entre 53% do próprio município de Uberaba e o restante entre 43 outros; o tempo de permanência foi de 84,8 dias (DP±31,4; IC95%: 77,4-92,2) entre os casos e de 33,2 dias (DP±10,8; IC95%: 31,5-35,1) entre os controles (p<0,05). A média do tempo de permanência para pacientes com motivo de internação com risco para si ou terceiros foi de 38,7 dias (DP±24,1) e para os com motivo sem tal risco foi de 59,3 dias (DP±33,7) (p<0,05). Houve associação com o desfecho, em análises univariadas e multivariadas por regressão logística do motivo da internação por incapacidade de autocuidado e/ou falência do suporte familiar e/ou social (OR 3,61; [IC95%: 1,91-6,82]). Conclusão:os resultados do estudo concordam com a literatura internacional. Em nosso país não existem estudos de custo-eficácia deste tema. Recomenda-se mais estudos analíticos que investiguem a qualidade de vida de pessoas que tenham internações psiquiátricas de longa permanência, visando tanto o processo de planejamento da alta e o pós alta, utilizando critérios amplos sem focalizar categorias definidas de doenças. / Background:Traditionally, hospitalisation planning is based on national and international comparisons rather than the effectiveness of short-term and longterm policies. Studies on the causes and consequences of long-stay psychiatric hospitalisations have a direct relationship to the size and provision of facilities that have a greater impact on how the resources are used. Objective: To identify exposure factors associated with long stay in psychiatric hospitalizations. Methods: a case control study performed at the psychiatric hospital of Uberaba, Minas Gerais. Cases were all patients with hospitalisations with stay over 60 continuous days from January 2014 to December 2014. The randomly chosen controls, matched by sex and age. Epidemiological and sociodemographic characteristics related to long-stay psychiatric hospitalisations were described and comparisons were made between the several variables. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression was performed to determine predictors of long-stay psychiatric hospitalisation. Results: 216 patients were selected, 72 cases (5.5% of all hospitalisations) and 144 controls; 63.9% male; the mean age was 44.4 years (± 11.9); the origin was distributed between 53% of Uberaba itself and the rest among 43 other cities; the length of stay was 84.8 days (± 31.4; CI95%: 77,4-92,2) between the cases and 33.2 days (± 10.8; CI95%: 31,5-35,1) between the controls (p <0.05). The mean length of stay for patients with risk for themselves or others was 38.7 days (± 24.1) and for those without that risk was 59.3 days (± 33.7) (p <0, 05). There was an association with the outcome in univariate and multivariate analyzes by logistic regression of the reason for hospitalisation due to incapacity for selfcare and/or family and/or social support failure (OR 3.61; 95% CI: 1.91-6.82 ]). Conclusions: the results of the study agree with the international literature. In our country there are no cost-effectiveness studies of this topic. More analytical studies are recommended that investigate the quality of life of people with longstay psychiatric hospitalisations, aiming at both discharge process and postdischarge planning, using broad criteria without focusing on defined categories of diseases.

Pensar o envelhecimento na sociedade em que vivemos ainda é algo cercado de estereótipos e preconceitos, que tendem a se acentuar na perspectiva daqueles que vivenciam esta etapa da existência humana no universo das Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos – ILPIs. Essas Instituições – conhecidas também como Asilos, Casas de Repouso, Clínicas Geriátricas e tantos outros nomes que a literatura convencionou chamar –, funcionaram, durante muitos anos, como “instituições totais”, conceito formulado por Goffman (1974) ao se referir aos espaços que servem de residência e trabalho, onde um grande número de indivíduos com situação semelhante, separados da sociedade mais ampla, levam uma vida fechada e formalmente administrada. Com os estudos e discussões implementadas por pesquisadores da área gerontológica, temos observado um esforço em se avançar para além dessa modalidade de instituição, prova disso a nova nomenclatura utilizada para se referir a este tipo de instituição. Ao que parece, essa mudança permitiu um desenvolvimento, ainda que apenas na forma, já que o conteúdo ainda necessita de transformação. Além disso, faz-se necessário compreender como essa estrutura afeta as relações entre os indivíduos que lá interagem, sejam os idosos que ali residem, sejam os profissionais que lá desempenham suas funções. Cabe destacar que as relações que se estabelecem entre estes se dão através das tarefas do cuidado e de como este é construído e percebido pelos diferentes pares. É nesse espaço em transformação que desenvolvemos nosso estudo, no intuito de perceber quais seriam as representações que os mais velhos e seus cuidadores tem sobre o cuidado e os processos e conhecimentos envolvidos na instalação deste, especialmente nas ILPIs do município de Passo Fundo/RS. Para a realização do estudo foram feitas observações nas onze Instituições existentes no município, a partir de um roteiro de observação e foram entrevistados idosos e cuidadores pertencentes às mesmas. Com base nas observações e entrevistas, foram desenvolvidas cinco categorias de análise, que serviram de base para as considerações finais e sugestões apresentadas ao final da discussão. / Thinking the aging society in which we live is still surrounded by stereotypes and prejudices, which tend to emphasize the perspective of those who experience this stage of human existence in the universe of Long-Stay Institutions for the Elderly - LSIEs. These institutions - also known as Homes, Nursing Homes, Geriatric Clinic and many other names that the literature called -, worked for many years as "total institutions", a concept formulated by Goffman (1974) to refer to areas that serve as a residence and work, where a large number of individuals with similar situation, separated from the broader society, lead a closed life and formally administered. With the studies and discussions implemented by gerontological researchers in the field, we have seen an effort to move beyond this type of institution, proof of the new nomenclature used to refer to this type of institution. Apparently, this change allowed a development, if only in form, as the content still needs to change. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand how this structure affects the relationship between individuals who interact there are elderly people living there, there are the professionals who perform their duties. It should be noted that the relations established between them occur through the tasks of care and how it is constructed and perceived by different peers. This is the space in which we change our study, in order to understand what the representations that the elderly and their caregivers have on the care and processes and knowledge involved in this installation, especially in LSIEs the city of Passo Fundo / RS. For the study observations were made in the eleven institutions in the city from a tour of observation and were interviewed elderly and caregivers belonging to them. Based on observations and interviews were developed five categories of analysis, which served as the basis for final comments and suggestions made at the end of the thread.

Pensar o envelhecimento na sociedade em que vivemos ainda é algo cercado de estereótipos e preconceitos, que tendem a se acentuar na perspectiva daqueles que vivenciam esta etapa da existência humana no universo das Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos – ILPIs. Essas Instituições – conhecidas também como Asilos, Casas de Repouso, Clínicas Geriátricas e tantos outros nomes que a literatura convencionou chamar –, funcionaram, durante muitos anos, como “instituições totais”, conceito formulado por Goffman (1974) ao se referir aos espaços que servem de residência e trabalho, onde um grande número de indivíduos com situação semelhante, separados da sociedade mais ampla, levam uma vida fechada e formalmente administrada. Com os estudos e discussões implementadas por pesquisadores da área gerontológica, temos observado um esforço em se avançar para além dessa modalidade de instituição, prova disso a nova nomenclatura utilizada para se referir a este tipo de instituição. Ao que parece, essa mudança permitiu um desenvolvimento, ainda que apenas na forma, já que o conteúdo ainda necessita de transformação. Além disso, faz-se necessário compreender como essa estrutura afeta as relações entre os indivíduos que lá interagem, sejam os idosos que ali residem, sejam os profissionais que lá desempenham suas funções. Cabe destacar que as relações que se estabelecem entre estes se dão através das tarefas do cuidado e de como este é construído e percebido pelos diferentes pares. É nesse espaço em transformação que desenvolvemos nosso estudo, no intuito de perceber quais seriam as representações que os mais velhos e seus cuidadores tem sobre o cuidado e os processos e conhecimentos envolvidos na instalação deste, especialmente nas ILPIs do município de Passo Fundo/RS. Para a realização do estudo foram feitas observações nas onze Instituições existentes no município, a partir de um roteiro de observação e foram entrevistados idosos e cuidadores pertencentes às mesmas. Com base nas observações e entrevistas, foram desenvolvidas cinco categorias de análise, que serviram de base para as considerações finais e sugestões apresentadas ao final da discussão. / Thinking the aging society in which we live is still surrounded by stereotypes and prejudices, which tend to emphasize the perspective of those who experience this stage of human existence in the universe of Long-Stay Institutions for the Elderly - LSIEs. These institutions - also known as Homes, Nursing Homes, Geriatric Clinic and many other names that the literature called -, worked for many years as "total institutions", a concept formulated by Goffman (1974) to refer to areas that serve as a residence and work, where a large number of individuals with similar situation, separated from the broader society, lead a closed life and formally administered. With the studies and discussions implemented by gerontological researchers in the field, we have seen an effort to move beyond this type of institution, proof of the new nomenclature used to refer to this type of institution. Apparently, this change allowed a development, if only in form, as the content still needs to change. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand how this structure affects the relationship between individuals who interact there are elderly people living there, there are the professionals who perform their duties. It should be noted that the relations established between them occur through the tasks of care and how it is constructed and perceived by different peers. This is the space in which we change our study, in order to understand what the representations that the elderly and their caregivers have on the care and processes and knowledge involved in this installation, especially in LSIEs the city of Passo Fundo / RS. For the study observations were made in the eleven institutions in the city from a tour of observation and were interviewed elderly and caregivers belonging to them. Based on observations and interviews were developed five categories of analysis, which served as the basis for final comments and suggestions made at the end of the thread.

p. 1-247 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-24T18:51:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1111aa.pdf: 1605061 bytes, checksum: b5e0918ec63982781e6ec5420ef06151 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:19:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1111aa.pdf: 1605061 bytes, checksum: b5e0918ec63982781e6ec5420ef06151 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:19:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1111aa.pdf: 1605061 bytes, checksum: b5e0918ec63982781e6ec5420ef06151 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Este estudo discute a vida de idosos em uma instituição de longa permanência, no contexto da sociedade moderna. O asilo é uma possível alternativa para garantir segurança e cuidado ao idoso. No entanto, esse espaço, que abriga a velhice, torna-se um problema social e de saúde, à medida que se transforma em lugar de segregação, estigma e preconceitos, emergindo situações que facilitam a ocorrência de violências contra o idoso. Vários aspectos vão se agregando para a construção da ambigüidade presente na função social do asilo. Dentre eles, o preconceito histórico sobre viver nesse tipo de instituição permanece, apesar dela procurar acompanhar as mudanças sociais. Analisando as diferenças de gênero, condição social e gerações os objetivos do estudo foram: identificar as razões que levaram os idosos a viver no asilo, observando os laços sociais feitos e desfeitos ao longo do curso da vida; analisar as relações e cuidados dispensados aos idosos pelos profissionais da instituição; discutir sobre as relações interpessoais, com foco nas disputas e competições entre eles no cotidiano e identificar as expressões de violência presentes na vida dos idosos. Para tanto, nos apoiamos em teorias sociais, explorando o conceito de ambigüidade, que pode ser compreendido tanto em relação à instituição asilar quanto ao significado da velhice na sociedade moderna. Para analisar o corpus do estudo usamos a análise de conteúdo além de instrumentos de avaliação em saúde coletiva da estrutura familiar (familiograma) e das relações interpessoais dos idosos entrevistados (ecomapa). Os resultados apontaram que o asilo estudado permanece, ainda hoje, com o discurso da caridade e que a opção de os idosos morarem na instituição foi, em alguns casos deles próprios apesar de que por trás dessa opção encontram-se conflitos e desentendimentos familiares. A convivência entre os idosos é marcada por encontros e desencontros, brigas e casos de agressões físicas, configurando situações de violência nas relações interpessoais. Além disso, constatamos que o cuidado prestado ao idoso na instituição destacou-se como importante vertente para observarmos a presença (ou não) da violência contra idosos. Assim, o asilo pode ser uma alternativa de vida para idosos na sociedade atual, mas que, fundamentando-se apenas na caridade e na filantropia, não garante ao idoso viver uma velhice saudável. / Salvador

Pensar o envelhecimento na sociedade em que vivemos ainda é algo cercado de estereótipos e preconceitos, que tendem a se acentuar na perspectiva daqueles que vivenciam esta etapa da existência humana no universo das Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos – ILPIs. Essas Instituições – conhecidas também como Asilos, Casas de Repouso, Clínicas Geriátricas e tantos outros nomes que a literatura convencionou chamar –, funcionaram, durante muitos anos, como “instituições totais”, conceito formulado por Goffman (1974) ao se referir aos espaços que servem de residência e trabalho, onde um grande número de indivíduos com situação semelhante, separados da sociedade mais ampla, levam uma vida fechada e formalmente administrada. Com os estudos e discussões implementadas por pesquisadores da área gerontológica, temos observado um esforço em se avançar para além dessa modalidade de instituição, prova disso a nova nomenclatura utilizada para se referir a este tipo de instituição. Ao que parece, essa mudança permitiu um desenvolvimento, ainda que apenas na forma, já que o conteúdo ainda necessita de transformação. Além disso, faz-se necessário compreender como essa estrutura afeta as relações entre os indivíduos que lá interagem, sejam os idosos que ali residem, sejam os profissionais que lá desempenham suas funções. Cabe destacar que as relações que se estabelecem entre estes se dão através das tarefas do cuidado e de como este é construído e percebido pelos diferentes pares. É nesse espaço em transformação que desenvolvemos nosso estudo, no intuito de perceber quais seriam as representações que os mais velhos e seus cuidadores tem sobre o cuidado e os processos e conhecimentos envolvidos na instalação deste, especialmente nas ILPIs do município de Passo Fundo/RS. Para a realização do estudo foram feitas observações nas onze Instituições existentes no município, a partir de um roteiro de observação e foram entrevistados idosos e cuidadores pertencentes às mesmas. Com base nas observações e entrevistas, foram desenvolvidas cinco categorias de análise, que serviram de base para as considerações finais e sugestões apresentadas ao final da discussão. / Thinking the aging society in which we live is still surrounded by stereotypes and prejudices, which tend to emphasize the perspective of those who experience this stage of human existence in the universe of Long-Stay Institutions for the Elderly - LSIEs. These institutions - also known as Homes, Nursing Homes, Geriatric Clinic and many other names that the literature called -, worked for many years as "total institutions", a concept formulated by Goffman (1974) to refer to areas that serve as a residence and work, where a large number of individuals with similar situation, separated from the broader society, lead a closed life and formally administered. With the studies and discussions implemented by gerontological researchers in the field, we have seen an effort to move beyond this type of institution, proof of the new nomenclature used to refer to this type of institution. Apparently, this change allowed a development, if only in form, as the content still needs to change. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand how this structure affects the relationship between individuals who interact there are elderly people living there, there are the professionals who perform their duties. It should be noted that the relations established between them occur through the tasks of care and how it is constructed and perceived by different peers. This is the space in which we change our study, in order to understand what the representations that the elderly and their caregivers have on the care and processes and knowledge involved in this installation, especially in LSIEs the city of Passo Fundo / RS. For the study observations were made in the eleven institutions in the city from a tour of observation and were interviewed elderly and caregivers belonging to them. Based on observations and interviews were developed five categories of analysis, which served as the basis for final comments and suggestions made at the end of the thread.

The common drivers for hotel accommodation are tourism and business travel and hotel demand seem to outstrip supply in many places. More than 50 % of visitors to Sweden stay at a traditional hotel but is there room for alternate accommodation like serviced apartments besides the traditional hotel for people visiting? These are usually referred to as extended stay or long-stay accommodation. The aim of this thesis project is to explore whether there are growth opportunities for serviced apartments in Sweden. A secondary aim of the thesis project is to identify challenges (if any) to this segment and also to identify the major operators of serviced apartments in Sweden. The research has been conducted through literature review, survey and interviews. The findings are that there seem to be growth opportunities particularly in the Stockholm area, even though there are issues that need to be addressed by the industry such as its fragmented nature and to keep up with company traveler programs and policies. The research also found that the major operators in Sweden are small, independent and national. Efterfrågan på hotellrum drivs framförallt av turist och affärsresenärer och på manga ställen verkar efterfrågan vara större än efterfrågan. Mer än hälften av turisterna som kommer till Sverige bor på ett traditionellt hotell när de kommer på besök och övernattar men finns det utrymme för alternativt boende som lägenheter med självhushållning? Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka huruvida det finns tillväxtmöjligheter för segmentet självhushållda lägenheter (s.k. long-stay) tillhandahållna av operatörer. Syftet är också (om än sekundärt) att identifiera utmaningar för denna bransch samt vilka de största operatörerna är? Information har samlats in via genomgång av befintlig litteratur på ämnet, via enkätundersökning och intervjuer. Slutsatsen är att det verkar finnas tillväxtmöjligheter, framförallt i Stockholm även om branschen står inför flera utmaningar såsom tydlighet med produkten. Operatörerna i Sverige är identifierade som små, fristående och nationella.